113 research outputs found
Density Functional Theory (DFT)-Aided Structure Elucidation of Linear Diterpenes from the Irish Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata
No full textBrown alga Bifurcaria bifurcata is an extraordinarily rich source of linear (acylic) diterpenes with enormous structural diversity. As part of our interest into secondary metabolites of the Irish seaweeds, here we report four new acyclic diterpenes (1-4) and seven known terpenoids (5-11) from the CHCl3 extract of B. bifurcata. The planar structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Since linear diterpenes are highly flexible compounds, the assignment of their stereochemistry by conventional methods, e.g., NOESY NMR, is difficult. Therefore, we employed extensive quantum-mechanical prediction of NMR chemical shifts and optical rotation analyses to identify the relative and absolute configurations of the new compounds 1-4. Several compounds moderately inhibited the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) with IC50 values ranging from 10.0 to 33.5 μg/mL. This study not only demonstrates the vast capacity of the Irish B. bifurcata to produce highly oxygenated linear diterpenoids, but also highlights the potential of new methodologies for assignment of their stereogenic centers
Mallomonas sibirica Bessudova & Firsova & Tomberg & Bayramova & Hilkhanova & Bedoshvili & Bashenkhaeva & Zakharova & Likhoshway 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Mallomonas sibirica sp. nov.</i> Bessudova (Figs. 5–11) <p> <b>Description:</b> Scales are 4.1–5.5 × 2.0–2.9 μm, oval, with lateral incurvings. The dome is subcircular, its ornamentation appears to vary between samples: smooth surface or with struts or rounded depressions (up to 0.15 μm in diameter) or reticulum variants were noted. The shield is covered with a thick secondary siliceous layer, marked with 8–12 regularly spaced transverse ribs with rounded depressions between them. Rounded depressions (up to 0.15 μm in diameter) are evenly distributed between the transverse ribs (Fig. 5, 6, 9). There is a pore on the basal plate inside each depression. A group of 8–10 pores is located in the angle of the V-rib in the posterior part of the shield (Fig. 5). This area is lacking the secondary siliceous layer. Anterior flanges are well-developed, with 2–8 (14) struts on each side (Figs. 7, 8). The V-rib on the scales is acutely angled, slightly hooded, and continues on the anterior flanges. The posterior rim is wide and smooth, bears numerous internal struts (Fig. 5). The posterior flange contains approximately 14–20 struts and scattered rounded depressions between them, that are not evenly spaced (Fig. 5). Bristles are 3.3–8.7 μm in length, slightly curved (Fig. 11). The tip is bifurcated with unequal diverging branches. One branch is short and sharp, whereas the other is wide with an acute tip and flat dorsal side. Cysts were not observed.</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b> (here designated): Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stubs No. 18075 deposited at the herbarium of the Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk (LIN). Y.R. Zakharova, Y.D. Bedoshvili and L.I. Kopyrina collected material from Ulu Lake, in the Republic of Yakutia, Russia, on April 24, 2021. Figure 6 illustrates illustrates the characteristic scales from the holotype.</p> <p> <b>Type locality:</b> Ulu Lake, Republic of Yakutia, Russia. Latitude/Longitude: N63º20ʹ9ʺ E141º3ʹ54ʺ.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The new species is named after the region of its origin, Siberia.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Up-to-date, <i>M. sibirica</i> have been recorded in the type locality and in other water bodies of Eastern Siberia: мixing zone of Yenisei River and Kara Sea waters; Vorota and Labynkyr lakes, Lake Baikal. <i>M. sibirica</i> was found at wide ranges of environmental parameters: pH from 6.97 to 9.34, specific conductance from 5.17 to 6560 μS̛ сm−1, and temperature of 0.4–10.2°C, salinity from 0.4 to 3.8 ‰ (see Table 1).</p>Published as part of <i>Bessudova, Anna, Firsova, Alena D., Tomberg, Irina V., Bayramova, Elvira, Hilkhanova, Diana, Bedoshvili, Yekaterina D., Bashenkhaeva, Maria, Zakharova, Lyubov I. Kopyrina Yulia R. & Likhoshway, Yelena V., 2023, Two new species of silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae, Synurales) Mallomonas kicherica and M. sibirica water bodies of Eastern Siberia, Russia, pp. 59-69 in Phytotaxa 620 (1)</i> on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10015521">http://zenodo.org/record/10015521</a>
Mallomonas kicherica Bessudova & Firsova & Tomberg & Bayramova & Hilkhanova & Bedoshvili & Bashenkhaeva & Zakharova & Likhoshway 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Mallomonas kicherica sp. nov.</i> Bessudova (Figs. 2–4). <p> <b>Description:</b> Scales are 3.4–4.5 × 1.8–2.4 μm, oval with lateral incurvings. The dome is subcircular with labyrinth-like reticulation. Small ribs extending to the first transverse rib extend from the dome towards the shield. The shield is patterned with of 8–11 regularly spaced transverse ribs. The transverse ribs, except for the area between the first and second (closest to the dome), are connected in random order by short ribs-jumpers (Figs. 2–4). The anterior flanges with 8–11 closely spaced struts on each side (Figs. 2–4). The anterior submarginal ribs are well-developed. The V-rib on the scales is acutely angled, hooded. The posterior rim is wide and smooth. The posterior flange contains approximately 20–23 struts (Figs. 2–4). Bristles are 6.5–9.2 μm in length, slightly curved (Fig. 2). The tip of the bristle is bifurcated with unequal diverging branches. One branch is short and sharp, whereas the other is wide with an acute tip and flat dorsal side. Cysts were not observed.</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b> (here designated): Portion of a single gathering of cells on SEM stub No. 18422 deposited at the herbarium of the Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk (LIN). Material from the Angara-Kichera estuary, a tributary of the northern part of Lake Baikal, was collected in June 2022. Figures 2–4 illustrates the characteristic scales from the holotype.</p> <p> <b>Type locality:</b> Mouth of the Kichera River, a tributary of the northern part of Lake Baikal, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. Latitude/Longitude: 55°43′55′′N, 109°32′24′′E.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The new species name is derived from the type locality, the Kichera River.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Up-to-date, <i>M. kicherica</i> has been only observed in its type locality. At the time of collection, pH = 8.04, T = 16.9°C, and EC = 112 μS̛ сm−1 (see Table 1).</p>Published as part of <i>Bessudova, Anna, Firsova, Alena D., Tomberg, Irina V., Bayramova, Elvira, Hilkhanova, Diana, Bedoshvili, Yekaterina D., Bashenkhaeva, Maria, Zakharova, Lyubov I. Kopyrina Yulia R. & Likhoshway, Yelena V., 2023, Two new species of silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae, Synurales) Mallomonas kicherica and M. sibirica water bodies of Eastern Siberia, Russia, pp. 59-69 in Phytotaxa 620 (1)</i> on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.620.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10015521">http://zenodo.org/record/10015521</a>
The use of memes in literature studies while training intending primary school teachers
Get PDFThe purpose of the research is theoretical and empirical study of the educational value of a meme in designing learning materials for higher education. The article presents the arguments supporting the necessity to use hypertextuality, multimedia, interactivity, and edutainment technologies as the ways to transform learning materials in literature studies in the course of training primary school teachers. The study proves the necessity to supplement the linear verbal content of the lecturer with a multicultural visual support. The transition from passive to interactive learning is due to the implementation of a system-and-activity approach, the DIY principle (do-it-yourself or “self-activity”), which gives students an opportunity to model, create, develop, and design their own educational products. The article presents various de finitions of the meme in scientific discourse: the meme as a unit of non-genetic cultural information (R. Dawkins); meme as a translator of the socio-cultural code (N. A. Zinovieva); meme as a media virus (D. Rushko ff); meme as an independent media genre (Danuta K ępa-Figura); meme as a media text (S. V. Kanashina); meme as a token (M. Coeckelbergh); meme as an object of cyber-laughter culture (M. B. Rotanova, M. V. Fedorova). Hypothesis: a meme as a semantic construct, an intellectual tool comprising a cognitive component, and visual and textual narrative keeps students’ attention alert in studying the material. It has a positive emotional resource and can be considered as an implicit tool to increase the reader’s interest and students’ literary literacy. The study was carried out on a sample of students of pedagogical classes, students and graduates of pedagogical university programmes (N = 130) aged 15 to 52 years old, including 78% (101 persons) of women and 22% of men (29 persons). The researcher used a questionnaire aimed at identifying attitudes to a meme as a means of the Internet communication and educational resource (T. G. Firsova). In the applied aspect, the presented materials can be used in the teaching practice of higher education. Implementation of the edutainment technology can be realized through the use of situational cases, multimedia, interactive game elements, new genres of mass culture, including memes, motivators, and demotivators, in the educational process
Presentation, presentation, presentation! Molecular-level insight into linker effects on glycan array screening data
Get PDFChanges in cell-surface glycan patterns are markers of the presence of many different disease and cancer types, offering a relatively untapped niche for glycan-targeting reagents and therapeutics in diagnosis and treatment. Of paramount im-portance for the success of any glycan-targeting reagent is the ability to specifically recognize the target among the plethora of different glycans that exist in the human body. The preeminent technique for defining specificity is glycan array screening, in which a glycan-binding protein (GBP) can be simultaneously screened against multiple glycans. Glycan array screening has provided unparalleled insight into GBP specificity, but data interpretation suffers from dif-ficulties in identifying false-negative binding arising from altered glycan presentation, associated with the linker used to conjugate the glycan to the surface. In this work, we model the structure and dynamics of the linkers employed in the glycan arrays developed by the Consortium for Functional Glycomics. The modeling takes into account the physical presence and surface polarity of the array, and provides a structure-based rationalization of false-negative results arising from the so-called “linker effect. ” The results also serve as a guide for interpreting glycan array screening data in a biological context; in particular, we show that attempts to employ natural amino acids as linkers may be prone to unex-pected artifacts compromising glycan recognition
THE INFLUENCE OF ASSOCIATIONS ENTEROPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS AND PROTOZOA ON THE HEAVINESS INFECTIOUS PROCESS AT BIRDS
No full textThe research objective was the studying of influence associations of Salmonellas and Eimerias on the heaviness infectious process at birds in farms of various forms ownership. It was studied the influence of associations enteropathogenic microorganisms and protozoa on the natural infected birds. The research sick and dead different age hens showed presence of oocysts Eimeria in 75% of cases. The heaviness infectious process depends on the species pathogens, their localization in the body and abnormality gastrointestinal microflora at birds. The pathologicoanatomic changes depend on the severity of clinical manifestations disease and species pathogens
Efficiency Analysis of Regional Innovation Development Based on DEA Malmquist Index
No full textThe aim of the work was to evaluate the dynamics of regional innovation development and compare the Russian regions according to their innovation efficiency, used resources, and achieved results. To estimate direct and indirect innovation effects, this study used the data on Russian regions according to variables of the innovative product volume, the share of high-tech products in the gross regional product (GRP) structure, the number of used patents, and investment in innovation activity for 2006–2017. To obtain a representative sample, a cluster analysis was applied as a preliminary step, which made it possible to select a group of regions that were most advanced in terms of their innovative development. Output-oriented data envelopment analysis models were applied for Malmquist Productivity Index calculation. The obtained results indicate the average growth of total factor productivity of regional innovation development over time. The main source of innovative development is largely derived from the economy of scale, while the effectiveness of regional innovation systems is basically increasing through broader resource bases, rather than through its effective utilization. The research findings can be applied to diagnose regional innovation effectiveness, justify public investment in research and development (R & D), and identify the priorities of regional innovation policy for specific regions
Enhancing the knowledge spillover through the formation of the oligocentric national innovation system
No full textThe processes of spatial polarization of economic activity and potential of regional innovation systems are an important area of study of the innovation transfer in the global world. The present study continues the scientific discussion on the ratio of concentration and uniform innovation development. The objective of the study is to analyze indicators of spatial concentration of innovation activity and the knowledge spillover between regions in the national innovation system. The main methods are the application of the Herfindal-Hirschman index, as well as cartographic analysis. The analysis of the concentration degree of the following indicators of innovation activity was carried out: patents, developed and used advanced technologies, R&D costs, output of innovative products in these regions of Russia using the Herfindal-Hirschman index. A graphical method was used to identify the main regions of the centers and peripheries, and a map of fragmentation of the country's innovative cores was constructed. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis of a greater spatial concentration of knowledge in comparison with the release of innovative products. Analysis of potential knowledge spillover between regions showed that the indicators associated with the generation of knowledge, focused on the Russian regions is significantly stronger than the indicators for innovative output: spatial concentration of developed advanced technologies are higher than that used advanced technologies, and the concentration of expenditure on technological innovations ahead of the release of innovative products. This indicates an unbalanced nature of the effects of the innovative spillover, when the use of technologies is more widespread than their development and implementation. Recommendations are also presented on a more efficient organization of the innovation space and on the transition from a monocentric model of organizing a socio-economic space to an oligocentric model to reduce excessive polarization and increase the efficiency of knowledge spillover
From a forecasting methodology for the electric energy consumption of mono-towns to its sustainability
Get PDFThe need of Russia for a resource-innovative energy strategy for the period up to 2035 makes it urgent to create a methodology of strategic forecasting for the electric energy consumption of mono-towns, which will result in the efficient development of a power supply system, ensuring territories’ sustainability. For this purpose, it is necessary to consider a mono-town as a complete system, a living organism with a definite life cycle and structure of energy consumers. The authors offer a technocoenosis approach to carry out the ranking and structural analysis of the electric energy consumption of one of the Sverdlovsk region’s mono-towns, taking into account dynamics in population, enterprises, organizations and institutions for the period of 5 years. The provided analysis makes it possible to judge the technocoenosis optimality using characteristic exponent β, depending on the structural features of the territory. The authors developed an algorithm for electric energy consumption forecasting, based on Support Vector Machines (SVM), which takes into account the electric energy of mono-towns’ consumers and the climatic factors. Forecasting accuracy was achieved using cross-validation of the input data in order to optimize the training model. The corresponding changes in electric energy consumption, when a characteristic exponent is optimal, will result in a target forecast that provides the sustainable development of mono-towns. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen
New data of chrysophycean stomatocysts from Lake Baikal
No full textThe chrysophyte stomatocyst composition in phytoplankton of Lake Baikal in 2016 was studied using scanning electron microscopy. 20 morphotypes were detected, 8 of which were seen in the lake for the first time, and 5 were described as novel. For 3 morphotypes the species was determined based on the scale presence and structure
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