1,834 research outputs found
Extreme sailing medicine: Injuries and illnesses
No full textThe origins of sailing dates back to antiquity, and
despite the passage of millennia, the sport retains
its strong and characteristic relationship with
natural elements. Technical and tactical skills
play a crucial role, often more-so than general
physical fi tness. At the same time, sailing has
greatly changed over time, especially over the
last few decades, and it is still in tumultuous evolution.
Technology plays an ever more important
role (Fig. 22.1 ) while new equipment and race
formats with an emphasis on speed and spectacular
maneuvers continue to attract the attention of
the media and general public.
These features allow modern sailing to be
counted among other extreme sports. In particular,
offshore sailing competitions which are held
in hostile and unpredictable environmental conditions
maintain the spirit of ancient pioneering
expeditions while fl eet regattas and match races
are characterized by breathtaking and high-speed
maneuvers. As sailboat performance advances,
so does the demand for ever-greater physical and
mental performance on the part of athletes. As a
result, medical support such as advising on the
choice of equipment and the most effi cient safety
systems, optimizing the athletic preparation of
crew members, and the prevention and rehabilitation
of any injuries and illnesses sustained
becomes ever-increasingly important.Many features allow modern sailing to take place alongside other extreme sports, and these in particular mean challenging the laws of nature, pushing technology to the limit, spectacularity, and the need for its participants to possess technical skills and competencies in addition to physical fitness. The various sailing classes greatly vary in the demands they place on athletes, putting sailing crews at risk of different types of injuries and illnesses. Both recreational and novice dinghy sailors report mainly acute injuries: that are, in particular, head contusions from hitting the boom and spinnaker pole, cuts and lacerations to the hands and knee contusions due to falls and collisions with equipment. At the other extreme, prevailing injuries among Olympic-class athletes tend to overuse injuries, in particular, to the back and knees, due to specific activities such as hikingand also to a poor balance between work and recovery time. In America’s Cup crews, grinders, mastmen, and bowm..
Entrevista a Roberto Feletti
No full textEntrevista a Roberto Feletti, Viceministro de Economía de Argentina, en el marco del Seminario internacional La crisis y los nuevos escenarios globales. UNASUR: De la integración política a la integración económica y financiera. Desafíos y perspectivas
Anatomic distribution and classification of injuries and illnesses related to dinghy-sailing on hydrofoiling boats
No full textPurpose: Hydrofoil technology has changed sailing, significantly
increasing its speed and resulting in spectacularity and mass media
interest. Although high speed can expose participants to a risk of
high-energy trauma, there are no scientific studies related to trauma in
dinghies that exploit this technology. Therefore, this study primarily
examines the anatomical distribution and classification of most
common injuries in this sport and measures the injury rate while
secondarily identifies the traumatic dynamics most often involved and
the main risk factors.
Methods: This descriptive epidemiology study examined data relative
to injuries and illnesses suffered by 77 sailors (91% males) from 13
nationalities during three international competitions, gathered through
a specifically designed questionnaire.
Results: The prevalence of illnesses and overuse injuries during the
regatta week were 6.5% and 18.2%, respectively, while the incidence
of acute injuries was 16/1,000 sailor-hours. Upper limbs, lower limbs
and lumbar spine were involved in 34.6%, 26.9% and 15.4% of cases
of musculoskeletal injuries, respectively. None of the acute injuries
reached the maximal score of severity, while the higher score value
was 63/100.
Most of the reported illnesses (80%; n = 4) were upper respiratory
tract infections with a prevalence in the week of the regatta of 5.2%
and an incidence of 0.51/1,000 sailor-hours.
Environmental factors played a role in 77% of the incidents
resulting in acute injuries.
Conclusions: This study provides valuable information for regatta
organizers, boat builders, athletes, coaches, and doctors. In addition, it
fosters the importance of ergonomics of boats, adequate clothing and
specific physical training for injuries and illnesses prevention.
References
1.Nathanson A (2013). Sailing Injuries: A Review of the Literature.
R I Med J. 2019;102:23–27.
2.Feletti F, Aliverti A (2017). Extreme sailing medicine, injuries
and illnesses. In: Feletti F (Ed) Extreme Sports Medicine, Springer,
pp. 275–287.
3.Clarsen B, Rønsen O, Myklebust G, Flørenes TW, Bahr R. The
Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: a new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and
injury in elite athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:754–60
Assessment of Diaphragm Function by Ultrasounds
No full textThis chapter focuses on thoracic ultrasound as a noninvasive technique for diaphragm morphological and functional assessment, that can be used as an alternative to traditional, more challenging and uncomfortable methods, such as the fluoroscopic sniff test, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography. This chapter firstly focuses attention on the techniques that can be used and on the measurements that can be obtained. Lastly the pathophysiological significance and the potential clinical applications for diagnostic and prognostic purposes are described
Physical Principles and Image Creation
No full textWhile in order to read an ultrasonic image correctly it is necessary to understand how ultrasounds interact with biological tissues and how the ultrasound system constructs the image, this is even more true when studying the thorax due to pulmonary air and the bones of the ribcage that alter the propagation of ultrasounds.
For these reasons, this initial chapter, oriented toward practical applications, simply discusses the physical principles that preside over the creation of an ultrasonic image.
In particular, it explores how the phenomena of reflection, refraction, scattering, and diffuse reflection affect the creation of thoracic ultrasound images, thus including important notions for resolving interpretive problems and for optimizing equipment settings.
The role of these phenomena in generating essential semeiological signs in thoracic ultrasounds, and numerous artefacts will be examined and explored in-depth in the following chapters.
Finally, in a simple but exhaustive way, the fundamental aspects of the study of blood flow, both with Doppler applications and through the use of second-generation contrasting mediums, will be addressed
- …
