303 research outputs found
Olfactory Preferences of the Parasitic Nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its Insect Host Drosophila falleni
No full textMany parasitic nematodes have an environmental infective stage that searches for hosts. Olfaction plays an important role in this process, with nematodes navigating their environment using host-emitted and environmental olfactory cues. The interactions between parasitic nematodes and their hosts are also influenced by the olfactory behaviors of the host, since host olfactory preferences drive behaviors that may facilitate or impede parasitic infection. However, how olfaction shapes parasite-host interactions is poorly understood. Here we investigated this question using the insect-parasitic nematode Howardula aoronymphium and its host, the mushroom fly Drosophila falleni. We found that both H. aoronymphium and D. falleni are attracted to mushroom odor and a subset of mushroom-derived odorants, but they have divergent olfactory preferences that are tuned to different mushroom odorants despite their shared mushroom environment. H. aoronymphium and D. falleni respond more narrowly to odorants than Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, consistent with their more specialized niches. Infection of D. falleni with H. aoronymphium alters its olfactory preferences, rendering it more narrowly tuned to mushroom odor. Our results establish H. aoronymphium-D. falleni as a model system for studying olfaction in the context of parasite-host interactions
Sigara falleni
No full text23. <i>Sigara falleni</i> (Fieber, 1848) <p> <b>Distribution. Krasnodar Krai:</b> Krasnodar <b>(101)</b>, Poltavskaya <b>(130)</b> (Kiritshenko 1918); Slavyansk-on-Kuban <b>(129)</b> (Jansson 1986); Kuban River (Kanyukova 2006).</p> <p> <b>Range type.</b> Euboreal-Subboreal super-Atlantiс.</p>Published as part of <i>Shapovalov, Maksim I., Saprykin, Maksim A. & Prokin, Alexandr A., 2018, Annotated catalog of the northwest Caucasian Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha (Heteroptera), pp. 113-133 in Zootaxa 4379 (1)</i> on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4379.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1172388">http://zenodo.org/record/1172388</a>
Belbina falleni Stal 1863
No full textBelbina falleni Stål, 1863 Figs 4A–E, 19–20, 37–38, 47 Belbina falleni Stål, 1863a: 233 (type in NMW). Belbina vicina Lallemand, 1959: 90, fig. 38 (key, description and dorsal view of head and thorax) (type in FSAG). syn. nov. Belbina falleni – Stål 1866: 144 (key, description). — Jacobi 1917: 527 (listed). — Metcalf 1947: 123 (catalogued). — Lallemand 1959: 93, fig. 41 (key, description and lateral view of head). — Constant 2004b: 31 (listed). Belbina vicina – Constant 2004b: 31 (listed). Diagnostic characters (1) disc of hind wings red with black markings (Fig. 4A); (2) ground colour of tegmina pale brown (Fig. 4A); (3) sides of vertex laminate above eye but not foliaceous (Fig. 4C–D); (4) large-sized (more than 26 mm long); (5) cephalic process broad, strongly curved dorsad (Fig. 4D); (6) clavus with colour pattern similar to the rest of the tegmen (Fig. 4A). LT: ♂ (n = 5) 26.6 mm (26.0–27.0); ♀ (n = 7) 29.1 mm (28.5–30.2). Material examined Type material MADAGASCAR: Holotype of Belbina falleni, ♀, [Madagascar, Coll. Signoret] [Falléni det. Signoret] [Type] (NMW). MADAGASCAR: Holotype of Belbina vicina Lallemand, 1959, ♂, [Manjakandriana, Madagascar] [Type.] [Belbina vicina Lall., V. Lallemand det., 1957], 18°55’ S, 47°48’ E (FSAG). Additional material MADAGASCAR: 1 ♀, Manjakandriana (FSAG); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, near Tananarive, Lamberton, Tananarive (Antananarivo), 18°55’ S, 47°31’ E (RBINS); 2 ♂♂, Vohemar (Iharaoa), 13°21’ S, 50°00’ E (RBINS, NCSU); 1 ♀, N Madagascar (BMNH); 1 ♀, Montagne d’Ambre, Feb. 1930, Sicard, Montagne d’Ambre (Ambohitra), 12°30’ S, 49°10’ E (MNHN); 1 ♀, idem, Dec. 1930 (MNHN); 1 ♀, no locality, Apr. 1930, Sicard (MNHN); 1 ♀, Madagascar, coll. De Bergevin (MNHN); 4 ♀♀, Madagascar (2: MNHN, 2: NMW); 1 ♂, N Madagascar, 37 km S of de Vohémar, Analalava forest, 25 m, 10–18 Dec. 1968, P. Viette & P. Griveaud, 13°36’ S, 49°59’ E (MNHN); 1 ♂, Diego-Suarez, coll. De Bergevin, Diègo Suarez (Ampanolahamirafy), 12°16’ S, 49°17’ E (MNHN); 1 ♀, Plateau de l’Ankarafantsika, W Madagascar, coll. De Bergevin 16°16’ S, 46°35’ E (MNHN); 1 ♀, N Madagascar (BMNH); 1 ♀, no data (NCSU). Examined on photographs MADAGASCAR: 1 specimen, Montagne d’Ambre, 27 Oct. 2009, 15:05, Nicolas Cliquennois (Fig. 38); 1 specimen, Montagne d’Ambre, Joffreville (Ambohitra), 2009, Rhett A. Butler (Fig. 37). Male genitalia Dark red (Figs 19–20); pygofer higher than long and with posterior margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 19); anal tube slightly elongate, 1.27 times longer than broad at apex and with lateral margins bisinuate in dorsal view on apical half (Fig. 20); posterior margin notched in lateral view (Fig. 19), with hind margin of anal opening projecting posteriorly (Fig. 19) and hiding lateral margin apically in dorsal view (Fig. 20); gonostyli elongate, 1.36 times longer than high (dorsal process included), strongly surpassing anal tube and acutely rounded at apex in lateral view (Fig. 19); ventral margin straight on basal 1/5, then slightly sinuate (Fig. 19); dorsal margin with basal strong digitiform process projecting laterodorsally, strong hook laterally at middle of process projecting posteroventrally and posterior margin of process excavate between apex and hook (Fig. 19); apex of digitiform process rounded and broad in lateral view (Fig. 19), slightly compressed laterally in dorsal view (Fig. 20). Remarks Lallemand (1959) erroneously mentioned that the type of B. vicina is a female. However it is obvious that the type is a male because he stated that “genitalia have similar shape as those of B. pionneaui and B. lambertoni ”. Lallemand (1959) described B. vicina based on a specimen of B. falleni presenting the cephalic process more strongly curved posteriorad than in another specimen he had identified in his collection as B. falleni; both specimens were from the same locality (Manjakandriana). Male genitalia are similar and intraspecific variability in the direction of the cephalic processs has been observed from series in several species of Belbina. For those reasons, B. vicina is here synonymized with B. falleni. Belbina falleni is a member of the falleni + group, showing a strong basodorsal digitiform process on the gonostyli. It can be separated (1) from B. bloetei by the less concave ventral margin of the gonostyli in lateral view; (2) from B. laetitiae sp. nov. and B. lambertoni by the laterally more strongly compressed digitiform process and the more acutely rounded apex of the gonostyli in lateral view; (3) from B. pioneaui by the more rounded apex of the basodorsal digitiform process of the gonostyli and the more strongly notched ventroapical margin of the anal tube under the anal opening in lateral view. Distribution See Fig. 47.Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, 2014, Revision of the Malagasy lanternfly genus Belbina Stål, 1863, with two new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 1-37 in European Journal of Taxonomy 102 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.102, http://zenodo.org/record/383881
Notes on Neotropical Proconiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). VI: description of the male of Deselvana falleni from the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil
No full textThe male of the leafhopper Deselvana falleni (Stål, 1858) is for the first time described and illustrated based on material from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Notes comparing D. falleni to other species of Deselvana Young, 1968 are given. Males and females of D. falleni can be recognized by the dark brown to black dorsum with four well-defined yellow maculae on each forewing, two on clavus and two on corium. The sexual dimorphism of color found in other Deselvana species was not observed in D. falleni
Effect of itraconazole on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm and extracellular vesicles formation
No full textStaphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of a wide range of clinical chronic infections mainly due to the establishment of a biofilm. Biofilm, a population of bacteria within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance, decreases the susceptibility to antibiotics, immune defenses and contributes to antimicrobial resistance. To date antibiotic combination has been considered a strategy to combat S. aureus infection, but this approach does not solves the main pharmacokinetic problem caused by biofilms, consisting in insufficient drug penetration within the structure. Therefore, new antimicrobial agents that could overcome this resistance need to be discovered. Fighting staphylococcal resistance and biofilm formation is an important goal of the pharmaceutical research. Some fungicide has been observed to have antibacterial effect. anyway their use as antibiotics on S.aureus has been poorly studied. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the fungicide itraconazole (IT) on S. aureus biofilm formation and explore by SEM the morphological alteration after treatment. A strong biofilm disaggregation and morphologically different extracellular vesicles (EV) production were observed starting from sublethal IT doses. This suggests that IT resistance phenomena on the part of S. aureus are more difficult to establish respect other antibiotics. The adjuvant properties of IT could be used to combat bacterial biofilm and/or to improve antibiotic treatment. Moreover, because the production of EV represents a secretory pathway involved in intercellular communication shared to mammalian cells, fungi, and bacteria, our study is important to increase information that can be generalized to higher organisms
Ultrastructural features of the female gonad as a tool for clarifying phylogenetic relationships in Platyhelminthes
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Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) following pulsatile DA stimulation are dependent on the integrity of the locus coeruleus and are related to ultrastructural findings reminiscent of those induced by releasing drugs
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