3,143 research outputs found
ESCO business models for biomass heating and CHP: profitability of ESCO operations in ITALY and key factors assessment
No full textThis paper describes ESCO approaches and business models for biomass heating and CHP generation. State of the art, policy measures and main barriers towards the implementation of such ESCO operations in Italy are discussed. Moreover, on the basis of the proposed framework, representative case studies in the Italian residential, tertiary and industrial market segments are compared. The case studies are referred to a 6 MWt wood chips fired plant. The case study of the industrial sector is based on a constant heat demand of a dairy firm, while in the tertiary and residential sectors the options to serve a concentrated heat demand (hospital) and a community housing by a district heating network are explored. The further option of coupling an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for CHP is explored. The relevance of the research relies on the assessment of the main key factors towards the development of biomass-ESCO operations. The results of the techno-economic assessment show that the agro-industrial case study for heat generation is extremely profitable, because of the high baseline energy cost, the high load rate, the availability of incentives for biomass heating. The cogeneration option is also profitable, even if the higher investment cost determines a longer pay back time. The tertiary sector case study is also a profitable, for the presence of a concentrated load with high heat load rate and high energy cost. Finally, the residential sector case study is the least profitable, for the high district heating cost and the lower heat load rate, not compensated by the higher heat selling price. The higher investment cost of CHP, even if attracting further income from electricity sale, does not present higher profitability than the only heat generation plant. In addition, the heat load rate results a more influencing factor than the thermal energy selling pric
Micro-algae cultivation for biofuels: Cost, energy balance, environmental impacts and future prospects
No full text02.09.13 KB. Ok to add the author version. Elsevier says ok while mandate not enforced
A systematic assessment of bioenergy representation in the UK Markal Model : insights on the formulation of bioenergy scenarios
No full textEnergy modelling that quantifies the costs and benefits of alternative energy strategies and implementation options has long held a central role in energy policy. Among others, MARKAL is a technology focused dynamic cost optimisation model, which contributed to numerous and wide-ranging energy policy studies, as well as to academic analysis of key energy policy and technology diffusion studies. This paper aims to review the representation of bioenergy chains in the current UK-MARKAL model up to 2050, and to propose some key improvements to be undertaken. The review is undertaken module by module, following the structure of the model, and the findings are listed with possible improvements suggested for bioenergy pathways.The improvements proposed to the UK-MARKAL model are wide-ranging, in line with the complexity of more credible bioenergy systems. They notably cover aspects such as: infrastructure costs and logistics, information asymmetry, socioeconomic factors, household economics, learning curves, imported biomass externalities, biomass supply dynamics (costs vs quantity), and representation of the demand side appropriate to policy analysis. Therefore, the proposed focus on a small number of key changes to the representation of bioenergy chains / pathways allows for the generation of preliminary insights on the scenarios to be investigated and the additional updates needed
Where Can Bioenergy Heat Applications Be The Most Suitable? A Market Segmentation Analysis Of The UK Heat Market
No full textIntegration of biomass into urban energy systems for heat and power. Part I: a MILP based spatial optimization methodolog
No full textThe paper presents a multi integer linear programming (MILP) approach to optimize multibiomass
and natural gas supply chain strategic design for heat and power generation in urban areas.
The focus is on spatial and temporal allocation of biomass supply, storage, processing, transport and
energy conversion (heat and CHP) to match the heat demand of residential end users. The main aim
lies on the representation of the relationships between the biomass processing and biofuel energy
conversion steps, and on the trade-offs between centralized district heating plants and local heat
generation systems. After a description of state of the art and research trends in urban energy systems
and bioenergy modelling, an application of the methodology to a generic case study is proposed. With
the assumed thecno-economic parameters, biomass based thermal energy generation results
competitive with natural gas, while district heating network results the main option for urban areas
with high thermal energy demand density. Potential further applications of this model are also
described, together with main barriers for development of bioenergy routes for urban areas
Overview and techno-economic assessment of small scale bioenergy chp plants in the italian and uk energy markets
No full textBauen, und zwar lebensgerecht
No full textniederoesterreich bauen, bauen und zwar lebensgerecht, hausbiographie vom kulturhof in neupöllalower austria, righteously building, a house biography of Kulturhof in Neupöll
Integration of biomass into urban energy systems for heat and power. Part II: sensitivity assessment of main techno-economic factors
No full textThe paper presents the application of a mixed integer linear programming (MILP)
methodology to optimize multi-biomass and natural gas supply chain strategic design for heat and
power generation in urban areas. The focus is on spatial and temporal allocation of biomass supply,
storage, processing, transport and energy conversion (heat and CHP) to match the heat demand of
residential end users. The main aim lies on the assessment of the trade-offs between centralized
district heating plants and local heat generation systems, and on the decoupling of the biomass
processing and biofuel energy conversion steps. After a brief description of the methodology, which is
presented in detail in Part I of the research, an application to a generic urban area is proposed.
Moreover, the influence of energy demand typologies (urban areas energy density, heat consumption
patterns, buildings energy efficiency levels, baseline energy costs and available infrastructures) and
specific constraints of urban areas (transport logistics, air emission levels, space availability) on the
selection of optimal bioenergy pathways for heat and power is assessed, by means of sensitivity
analysis. On the basis of these results, broad considerations about the key factors influencing the use of
bioenergy into urban energy systems are proposed. Potential further applications of this model are
also described, together with main barriers for development of bioenergy routes for urban areas
Bioenergy Representation in the UK-MARKAL Model and the Formulation of Bioenergy Scenario
No full text- …
