1,721,628 research outputs found
Manipulation of milkproduction and quality by use of somatotropin in dairy ruminants other than cow
No full textThe ability of recombinant bovine somatotropin (BST) to enhance milk production is well established in cows and in other dairy ruminants. In dairy ewes, we found increased milk yield (20-30%) following treatment with BST, which did not negatively affect the gross composition or coagulating properties of milk, except in the advanced stage of lactation, when the percentages of milk protein and fat were reduced and the coagulation time was improved (shorter) compared with untreated animals. In dairy goats, administration of BST increased overall milk yield by 14-29%. Our studies and those of others on the Italian river buffalo showed that BST treatment increased milk yield by about 17%, or more, when associated with dietary protected fat, without affecting milk protein content. In general, studies on dairy ruminants show that treatment with BST increases milk production in the short term (immediate postinjection period) and that there is also a medium to long term effect on persistency of lactation. There is evidence that mammary gland involution can be at least partially reversed by BST administration, and this could be due to limitation in the decrease in mammary parenchyma as lactation progresses and/or to modulation of the plasmin-plasminogen system
Vitamin E in dairy cows
No full textDuring the past two decades significant advances have been made in understanding the importance of an adequate vitamin status in dairy cows based on improved nutrition. These progresses have substantially re-defined the meaning of vitamins as essential signalling molecules or cofactors that allow animals to sustain health and production. For this reason the concept of optimum vitamin requirements for animals under intensive livestock conditions has been developed. The intensive research interest in vitamin E stems from its potential role as an antioxidant that is able to prevent free-radical mediated tissue damage. Vitamin E also seems to be crucially involved in immune system function, so that supplementation with supra-nutritional levels of the vitamin, in some instances, results in improved immune responses. This article will provide an overview of current knowledge of vitamin E in dairy cows, including an assessment of lesser known and still only partially elucidated effects on efficiency of absorption and transport to target tissues, and uptake and function at the cellular and molecular levels
“Human Retinoblastoma-Related (pRb2/p130) Genomic DNA and Methods of Detecting Mutations Therein."
No full textThe invention provides methods for the detection of mutations and polymorphisms in the pRb2/p130 gene, which may be used to characterize genetic events associated with tumor formation, to trace the parental origin of mutatations, to identify carriers of germline mutations, and to identify individuals with a predisposition to cancer
Diffusione delle coltivazioni di colture GM nel mondo: implicazioni per la produzione mangimistica
No full text“Method for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer.”
No full textThe invention provides diagnostic and prognostic methods which comprise determining the level of expression of the tumor suppressor gene pRb2/p130, because the relative level of pRb2/p130 expression correlates with the presence of cancer, tumor grade and patient prognosis. These methods may be used to detect cancer, to make treatment decisions, to predict patient outcome, and to predict the risk of cancer in disease-free individuals. The invention further provides methods for the detection of mutations and polymorphisms in the pRb2/p130 gene, which may be used to characterize genetic events associated with tumor formation, to trace the parental origin of mutations, to identify carriers of germline mutations and to identify individuals with a predisposition to cancer
Choline metabolism in high-producing dairy cows: metabolic and nutritional basis
No full textCholine, the beta-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium ion, is a strong base containing a trimethylated quaternary nitrogen. Choline occurs widely in biological materials as the compound itself, as acetylcholine and as various phospholipids. In feed ingredients and crude unprocessed fat sources, most choline is present as phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). Although soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal and dried yeast are relatively rich sources of choline, the bioavailability of choline in these feedstuffs is only moderate. In dairy ruminants, choline is extensively degraded in the rumen. For this reason, dietary choline contributes insignificantly to the choline body pool, and methyl group metabolism is generally conservative with a relatively low rate of methyl catabolism and an elevated rate of de novo synthesis of methyl groups via the tetrahydrofolate system. Gluconeogenic precursors are the primary sources of the new methyl groups. Depending on energy balance and physiological state, such precursors can be deficient in ruminants. In situations of glucose imbalance, for example at the onset of lactation in the dairy cow, choline may become a limiting nutrient for milk production, owing to the extra demand for methyl groups. Furthermore, choline is a lipotropic substance and it may optimize the balance between fat retained and fat metabolized by the liver, thereby improving lipid metabolism in general. The data reviewed in this paper are consistent with these assumptions and support the fact that choline supplementation for dairy cows, in a form protected from ruminal degradation, may improve methyl group metabolism and the status of other nutrients, including vitamin E
La biotecnologia nell’alimentazione dei ruminanti : parte 1. : gli aminoacidi e gli enzimi
No full textMilk bioactive components
No full textL’importanza del colostro e del latte nella nutrizione dei mammiferi è ampiamente riconosciuta. Essi sono in grado di fornire non solo composti con un elevato valore nutrizionale per la crescita del neonato, ma anche molecole bioattive con valenza extra-nutrizionale. Le proteine del latte sono la fonte principale di peptidi bioattivi, latenti nella proteina nativa e rilasciati in seguito a proteolisi durante il transito gastrointestinale. Tra le molecole bioattive del latte con rilevanti funzioni fisiologiche si possono annoverare anche gli oligosaccaridi e i lipidi, quali i coniugati dell’acido linoleico, presenti in particolare nel latte dei ruminanti. La lattoferrina esemplifica la complessità delle componenti biologicamente attive del latte ed esplica numerose funzioni fisiologiche. Ha attività immunomodulatoria e anti-infiammatoria, è coinvolta nella regolazione dell’omeostasi del ferro, modula la crescita cellulare ed esercita un’azione prebiotica. In questa presentazione si fornirà un panorama del significato funzionale delle componenti bioattive del latte con particolare riferimento alla lattoferrina
Moderni approcci all’analisi dei mangimi : i cell-based bioassay (Nota 2)
No full textThe recent research in the area of health-promoting constituents of feed highlighted the need of some re-thinking of the methodological approach to measure feed composition, in terms of bioactivity, functional properties, and safety. In this context, the transition from a chemical and
instrumental analytical approach to cell-based bioassays may be fundamental to develop analytical models and protocols for a functional screening of feed and dietary supplements. This paper focuses on advanced and specific applications of cell-based bioassays for the screening of feed quality,
functional properties, and safety
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