398 research outputs found
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
Reproduction biotechnology in buffaloes: optimization of synchronization protocol for target breeding
No full textThe achievement of early cyclicity after calving is of vital importance in
maintaining a dairy industry. Post-partum anoestrous in buffalo is a major cause of
long calving interval and infertility resulting in economic loss to buffalo breeders.
For sustainable breeding program it is necessary to identify an oestrous
synchronization treatment that is more reliable for successful pregnancy after
artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen. Two experiments were carried out to
evaluate the efficacy of an Ovsynch protocol (GnRH + PGF 2α + GnRH) for oestrous
synchronization and subsequent AI fertility in water buffaloes of two countries (Italy
and Bangladesh). The aim of the first experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of an
Ovsynch protocol with two GnRH analogues (Buserelin and Gonadorelin acetate)
and at two times of administration (AM and PM) for synchronization of ovulation
and fixed–timed AI using sexed frozen semen in Italian Mediterranean buffalo cows.
Thirty-two Mediterranean postpartum buffaloes cows were used for this study. All
animals were inseminated by AI with 2.5 million live (4million total) sex-sorted
frozen thawed spermatozoa (X-chromosome bearing spermatozoa) within 18 to 21
hours after using of 2nd GnRH. Vaginal electrical impedance (VEI), vulvar and
perivulvar temperatures were recorded at different stages of synchronization
protocol to asses oestrous. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography
after 42 days of AI. The pregnancy rate was 37.50 % when Buserelin was used for
synchronization, whereas the pregnancy rate was 50% when hormones were
administered at morning. Vaginal Electric Impedance decreased and vulvar
temperature, recorded with thermocamera, increased during administration of
second dose of GnRH, when buffaloes were supposed to be in oestrous. However,
the first study served as a basis for further study on time and type of treatment with
GnRH on synchronization of estrus and ovulation to improve pregnancy rate as well
as reproductive quality in Mediterranean buffalo cows.
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In second experiment, a total of 114 lactating Bangladeshi Indigenous buffalo cows were used to study the efficiency of Ovsynch protocol for oestrous and fertility after AI with frozen semen of Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. The effect of some factors such as follicles and corpus luteum numbers, postpartum period on the fertility of synchronized Bangladeshi water buffaloes was also studied. Buffaloes were selected from two different areas in Bangladesh and were divided into three groups. Buffaloes of each group were subdivided as AM and PM according to time of administration of hormones of synchronization protocols. Among three groups, higher pregnancy rate (78% in AM) was observed in buffaloes of Group-3 where Ovsynch protocol was combined with a third GnRH injection at the time of AI. Similar to first experiment, we observed higher pregnancy rate (74 %) in buffaloes received induction treatment and insemination at AM time than that of PM counterpart (63%). Regarding the post–partum days, pregnancy rate was higher (77%) in buffaloes received induction treatment at 90 to 180 days between calving to ovulation induction than that of more than 180 days (66%). We did not observe any significant difference in pregnancy rate in buffaloes with (59%) or without (57.1%) CL at the time of synchronization. In addition, this study did not show any significant in regards to follicles and CL numbers in both pregnant and non-pregnant buffaloes. This study results that time of day should considered during administration of hormones for Ovsynch protocols. The findings of the study suggests that Ovsynch protocol can be successfully used for selective breeding program of Bangladeshi Water buffaloes and a third injection of GnRH during AI could help to improve pregnancy rate of water buffaloes when inseminated with frozen-thawed semen. The genetic improvement resulting from AI with frozen-thawed semen in synchronized buffaloes could bring a significant economic gain for farmers of dairy industr
Soil erosion and sediment yield estimation in a tropical monsoon dominated river basin using GIS-based models
No full textThe increasing soil erosion (SE) and the associated problems for society, economy, and environment sparked a lot of interest in estimating and mapping SE at different basin scales. The estimation of SE exhibits that SE ranges from 10 to 50 t ha−1 yr−1, with a mean SE of 20 t ha−1 yr−1. The very steep slopes account for 54.21% of total soil loss. The SRB areas where soil loss rates are >10 t ha−1 yr−1 are considered the target areas which account for 27% of the study area and 96% of the soil loss). The high SY is concentrated only in the first-order basins located in a higher slope zone in the northern part of the river. Besides, basin morphometry (basin shape, relative relief) and anthropogenic activities (agricultural land) are retained in the PSLR model as significant factors contributing to SY in the entire river basin
Pengkajian Status Keberlanjutan Budidaya Ternak Kerbau (B. Bubalis bubalis) Berbasis Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Provinsi Jambi
No full textThis research has been conducted in The Sekernan District of Muaro Jambi Regency against the people who raise buffalo traditionally. The purpose of the study is to find out the status of the sustainability index and the attributes that affect in the cultivation of buffalo cattle traditionally by the community in Sekernan Subdistrict. The research uses Rapker's method through surveys and interviews on buffalo farmers relating to ecological dimensions, economic dimensions and socio-cultural dimensions. The results showed that the ecological dimension was 42.81% with sensitive attributes of buffalo animal feed types (3.89) and land availability for animal feed (3.11). Economic dimension 46.67% with sensitive attributes of the number of livestock labor (5.16) and the feasibility of agroindustry business (2.41). The socio-cultural dimension is 42.56% with sensitive attributes of extension and training frequency (3.58) and employment rate of livestock labor (3.31). This indicates that the traditional cultivation of buffalo in Sekernan Subdistrict is less sustainable
PUPUK PHOSPHO-KOMPOS ORGANIK YANG DIPERKAYA DENGAN MIKROORGANISME PELARUT P DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN RUMPUT Setaria splendida
No full textThe aimed of this experiment was to investigate the effect phosphorus-enriched compost fertilizer with P solubilizing microorganisms on the growth of Setaria splendida. The experiment was designed in completely randomized designed with 4 treatments, consisted of R0 = Rock phosphate, R1 = Rock phosphate + rice straw + chicken manure, R2 = Rock phosphate + rice straw + chicken manure + Trichoderma harzianum. R3 = Rock phosphate + rice straw+ chicken manure + Aspergillus niger. Preparation of phosphorus-enriched compost was modified from Bangar et al. (1989); Biswas (2008) with the dosage of aplication based on Apniyarni, (2003) and Dewi (2002). Physical and chemical characteristics of phosphorus-enriched compost fertilizer and the growth of S. splendida were observed in this experiments. The results showed that phosphorus- enriched compost fertilizer with and without P solubilizing microorganisms resulted good physical and chemical characteristics. The growth of S. splendida did not significantly different for phosphorus-enriched compost with and without P solubilizing microorganism treatments. Application of enriched phospho-compost fertilizer with and without P solubilizing microorganisms significantly increased the growth of S. splendida compared to control (rock phosphate)
Soil erosion and sediment yield estimation in a tropical monsoon dominated river basin using GIS-based models
No full textThe increasing soil erosion (SE) and the associated problems for society, economy, and environment sparked a lot of interest in estimating and mapping SE at different basin scales. The estimation of SE exhibits that SE ranges from 10 to 50 t ha−1 yr−1, with a mean SE of 20 t ha−1 yr−1. The very steep slopes account for 54.21% of total soil loss. The SRB areas where soil loss rates are >10 t ha−1 yr−1 are considered the target areas which account for 27% of the study area and 96% of the soil loss). The high SY is concentrated only in the first-order basins located in a higher slope zone in the northern part of the river. Besides, basin morphometry (basin shape, relative relief) and anthropogenic activities (agricultural land) are retained in the PSLR model as significant factors contributing to SY in the entire river basin.</p
FEM analysis to optimally design end mill cutters for milling of Ti-6Al-4V
No full textThis paper presents an FEM analysis conducted for optimally designing end mill cutters through verifying the cutting tool forces and stresses for milling Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Initially, the theoretical tool forces are calculated by considering the cutting edge on a cutting tool as the curve of an intersection over a spherical/flat surface based on the model developed by Lee & Altinas [1]. Considering the lowest tool forces the cutting tool parameters are taken and optimal design of end mill is decided for different sizes. Then the 3D CAD models of the end mills are developed and used for Finite Element Method to verify the cutting forces for milling Ti-6Al-4V. The cutting tool forces, stress, strain concentration (s), tool wear, and temperature of the cutting tool with the different geometric shapes are simulated considering Ti-6Al-4V as work piece material. Finally, the simulated and theoretical values are compared and the optimal design of cutting tool for different sizes are validated. The present approach considers to improve the quality of machining surface and tool life with effects of the various parameters concerning the oblique cutting process namely axial, radial and tangential forces. Various simulated test cases are pr esented to highlight the approach on optimally designing end mill cutters
The impact of vascular calcification on ambulatory and central aortic blood pressure in a South African dwelling dialysis population : a clinical, radiological and pathophysiological study of vascular health in a young prevalent dialysis population in a developing country
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.In Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) in CKD-5D is unknown. We undertook to determine the effect of ethnicity on VC, the risk factors for VC, the utility of abdominal X-ray (AXR) in predicting coronary calcium score (CCS) and the effect of VC on central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in South African dialysis patients. ... Black race significantly protects from VC in South African CKD-5D patients and warrants further study. The AXR is a useful screening tool for CCS in our population. VC does not appear to influence CASP in our population
Cardinal Collapsing and Product Forcing (New Developments in Forcing and Cardinal Arithmetic)
No full textSupposer k is a singular strong limit cardinal of countable cofinality, and let be an increasing sequence of regular cardinals cofinal in k. In this short note, we show that if cof(2[k]＝k⁺, then forcing with the full product П[n<ω Add (kₙ, 1) collapses 2[k⁺] onto k⁺.This result gives a consistent positive answer to a question asked by Sy Friedman. We also provide a new proof of a result due to Shelah by showing that if, moreover, the sequence carries a scale of length k⁺， then forcing with П[n<w] Add(kₙ, 1) adds a generic filter for Add(， 1), and thus П[n<w] Add(kₙ, 1)/fin≃ADD(k⁺, 1). n<
Cardinal Collapsing and Product Forcing (New Developments in Forcing and Cardinal Arithmetic)
No full textSupposer k is a singular strong limit cardinal of countable cofinality, and let be an increasing sequence of regular cardinals cofinal in k. In this short note, we show that if cof(2[k]＝k⁺, then forcing with the full product П[n<ω Add (kₙ, 1) collapses 2[k⁺] onto k⁺.This result gives a consistent positive answer to a question asked by Sy Friedman. We also provide a new proof of a result due to Shelah by showing that if, moreover, the sequence carries a scale of length k⁺， then forcing with П[n<w] Add(kₙ, 1) adds a generic filter for Add(， 1), and thus П[n<w] Add(kₙ, 1)/fin≃ADD(k⁺, 1). n<
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