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9404-10052
Get PDF9404-10052
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9404-10052 (XIII) ( - )
Cover ( - )
R: von Rabel, Gabriele bis Roese, E. (725)
9404 bis 9500 (725)
9501 bis 9600 (735)
9601 bis 9700 ( - )
9701 bis 9800 (755)
9801 bis 9900 (768)
9901 bis 10000 (780)
10001 bis 10052 (794
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Detonation-wave interactions. [PBX-9404]
No full textThe interaction of laterally colliding, diverging, cylindrical detonation waves in PBX-9404 has been studied using the radiographic machine PHERMEX and the two-dimensional, reactive Lagrangian hydrodynamic code 2DL. The experimentally observed flow could be numerically reproduced using the Forest Fire heterogeneous shock initiation burn model which permits realistic numerical simulation of the burning region of regular and diverging detonation waves, and the interacting detonation waves undergoing regular and Mach reflection. The interaction of two, three, and five colliding, diverging spherical detonation waves in PBX-9404 has been numerically modeled using the three-dimensional, reactive Eulerian hydrodynamic code 3DE. The size and magnitude of the high pressure double, triple, quadruple, and quintuple interactions depends significantly upon the number and relative locations of initiators. The initiation of propagating detonation in the insensitive explosive PBX-9502 by triple shock-wave interaction resulting from three initiators has been studied using the 3DE code with Forest Fire kinetics
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Thermal stability of PBX-9404, LX03 and LX04
Get PDFIn the Hotcake experiments, PBX-9404 was subjected to various temperature spikes from 202 degrees Centigrade to 268 degrees Centigrade to determine conditions which would result in ignition of the explosive. since that time, measurements have been made of decomposition rates of PBX-9404, LX03, LX04, and pure HMX, at temperatures from about 240 degrees Centigrade to 270 degrees Centigrade. These data have been combined to provide a more accurate definition of the thermal stability of high explosives based on HMX. A set of values of decomposition rates and heats of decomposition has been obtained which is consistent with all previous Hotcake experiments, and will allow predictions of the results of similar experiments with PBX-9404, LX03, and LX04. Computations were made with the Hangfire program on the IBM 7090
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Shock initiation study of PBX-9404
Get PDFPressure-field histories during the sustained and short-duration shock initiation of PBX-9404 explosive (plastic-bonded HMX) have been determined with embedded Manganin gauges. Numerical integration of the conservation relations and an assumed equation of state are used to obtain the decomposition histories during the initiation process. In both cases, this process is effected by reaction originating near the impact face producing pressure pulses that overtake the shock front and enhance its strength, leading to an abrupt transition to detonation. Correlation of reaction rates to state variables suggest an Arrhenius rate form, modified to include a dependence on shock strength and an induction time. This rate is used in computer simulations of several other initiation experiments on PBX-9404
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Base hydrolysis and supercritical water oxidation of PBX-9404
Get PDFBase hydrolysis in combination with hydrothermal processing has been proposed as an environmentally acceptable alternative to open burning/open detonation for degradation and destruction of high explosives. In this report, the authors examine gaseous and aqueous products of base hydrolysis of the HMX-based plastic bonded explosive, PBX-9404. The authors also examine products from the subsequent hydrothermal treatment of the base hydrolysate. The gases produced from hydrolysis of PBX-9404 are ammonia, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen. Major aqueous products are sodium formate, acetate, nitrate, and nitrite, but not all carbon products have been identified. Hydrothermal processing of base hydrolysate destroyed up to 98% of the organic carbon in solution, and higher destruction efficiencies are possible. Major gas products detected from hydrothermal processing were nitrogen and nitrous oxide
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Progress in modeling card gap tests. [PBX-9404 and TATB]
No full textThe current status of the numerical modeling of card gap tests is described. The LASL standard test has been modeled with good agreement between calculated and experimental values for PBX-9404 and TATB. The NOL standard test has also been modeled but with very poor agreement for VTQ-2
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Base hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of PBX-9404
No full textBase hydrolysis in combination with hydrothermal processing has been proposed as an environmentally acceptable alternative to open burning/open detonation for degradation and destruction of high explosives. In this report, the authors examine gaseous and aqueous products of base hydrolysis of the HMX-based plastic bonded explosive, PBX-9404. They also examined products from the subsequent hydrothermal treatment of the base hydrolysate. The gases produced from hydrolysis of PBX-9404 are ammonia, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen. Major aqueous products are sodium formate, acetate, nitrate, and nitrite, but not all carbon products have been identified. Hydrothermal processing of base hydrolysate destroyed up to 98% of the organic carbon in solution, and higher destruction efficiencies are possible. Major gas products detected from hydrothermal processing were nitrogen and nitrous oxide
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Base hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of PBX-9404 explosive
Get PDFBase hydrolysis in combination with hydrothermal processing has been proposed as an environmentally acceptable alternative to open burning/open detonation for degradation and destruction of high explosives. In this report, the authors examine gaseous and aqueous products of base hydrolysis of the HMX-based plastic bonded explosive, PBX-9404. The authors also examine products from the subsequent hydrothermal treatment of the base hydrolysate. The gases produced from hydrolysis of PBX-9404 are ammonia, nitrous oxide, and nitrogen. Major aqueous products are sodium formate, acetate, nitrate, and nitrite, but not all carbon products have been identified. Hydrothermal processing of base hydrolysate destroyed up to 98% of the organic carbon in solution, and higher destruction efficiencies are possible. Major gas products detected from hydrothermal processing were nitrogen and nitrous oxide
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Aspects of the Tribology of the Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) 9404
No full textThe coefficient of friction, {mu}, of the plastic bonded explosive (PBX) 9404 was measured on stainless steel, aluminum, Teflon and the explosive itself as a function of temperature between ambient and 135 C at a rotational speed of 0.0025 rad/sec{sup -1}. An optical profilometer was used to analyze the mean surface roughness, R{sub a}, of the various materials. PBX 9404 is a composite of the explosive 1,3,5,7-tetranitroazacyclooctane (HMX) chloroethyl phosphate (CEF) and nitrocellulose in an 96/3/3 weight ratio. The average roughness of the pressed explosive surface was R{sub a} = 1.37 {micro}m. The coefficient of friction for PBX 9404 on stainless steel of R{sub a} = 0.40 {micro}m increased from 0.22 at ambient to 0.34 at 95 C. Above this temperature {mu} decreased to about 0.23 at 125 C. Similar behavior was observed with aluminum with R{sub a} = 0.31 {micro}m. The coefficient of friction increased from about 0.08 at ambient to 0.48 at 115 C. Above this temperature, {mu} tended to decrease slightly. The coefficient of friction against Teflon of R{sub a} = 0.054 {micro}m was sigmoidal, increasing from about 0.3 at ambient to about at 0.49 {+-} 0.002 above 115 C. Against a PBX 9404 counter surface, the coefficient of friction averaged 0.54 over the entire test temperature range, but tended to increase during the measurement, probably due to adhesion of the nitrocellulose to itself
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