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Promoting global Internet freedom: policy and technology
Get PDFThis report provides information about US government and private sector efforts to promote and support global Internet freedom and a description of Internet freedom legislation and hearings from the 112th Congress.
Modern communication tools such as the Internet provide a relatively inexpensive, accessible, easy-entry means of sharing ideas, information, and pictures around the world. In a political and human rights context, in closed societies when the more established, formal news media is denied access to or does not report on specified news events, the Internet has become an alternative source of media, and sometimes a means to organize politically.
The openness and the freedom of expression allowed through social networking sites, as well as the blogs, video sharing sites, and other tools of today’s communications technology, have proven to be an unprecedented and often disruptive force in some closed societies. Governments that seek to maintain their authority and control the ideas and information their citizens receive are often caught in a dilemma: they feel that they need access to the Internet to participate in commerce in the global market and for economic growth and technological development, but fear that allowing open access to the Internet potentially weakens their control over their citizens.
Internet freedom can be promoted in two ways, through legislation that mandates or prohibits certain activities, or through industry self regulation. Current legislation under consideration by Congress, the Global Online Freedom Act of 2011 (H.R. 3605), would prohibit or require reporting of the sale of Internet technologies and provision of Internet services to “Internetrestricting countries” (as determined by the State Department). Some believe, however, that technology can offer a complementary and, in some cases, better and more easily implemented solution to ensuring Internet freedom. They argue that hardware and Internet services, in and of themselves, are neutral elements of the Internet; it is how they are implemented by various countries that is repressive. Also, Internet services are often tailored for deployment to specific countries; however, such tailoring is done to bring the company in line with the laws of that country, not with the intention of allowing the country to repress and censor its citizenry. In many cases, that tailoring would not raise many questions about free speech and political repression.
This report provides information about federal and private sector efforts to promote and support global Internet freedom and a description of Internet freedom legislation and hearings from the 112th Congress. Three appendixes suggest further reading on this topic and describe censorship and circumvention technologies
Santa Fe (ATSF) 2508
No full textA photograph print showing the Santa Fe (ATSF) 2508, 2-8-0, Clinton, OK
Santa Fe (ATSF) 2508
No full textA photograph print showing the Santa Fe (ATSF) 2508, 2-8-0 (Alco, class 2507), on passenger train, Clinton, OK. [Ex: KCM&O #52
Seaboard Air Line (SAL) 2508
No full textA photograph print showing the Seaboard Air Line (SAL) 2508, 4-6-6-4
2508. Géraud de Frachet
No full text2508. Géraud de Frachet. In: Molinier Auguste. Les Sources de l'histoire de France - Des origines aux guerres d'Italie (1494). III. Les Capétiens, 1180-1328. Paris : A. Picard et fils, 1903. pp. 79-80
2508. Géraud de Frachet
No full text2508. Géraud de Frachet. In: Molinier Auguste. Les Sources de l'histoire de France - Des origines aux guerres d'Italie (1494). III. Les Capétiens, 1180-1328. Paris : A. Picard et fils, 1903. pp. 79-80
3D Model of Cnidarian (Cod. CL-001-078-3-2508)
No full textCÓDIGO DE LA PIEZA: CL-001-078-3-2508
CATEGORÍA: Fósil
CLASIFICACIÓN: Cnidario
ADQUISICIÓN: Donación
FECHA DE REGISTRO: 22-09-2022ITEM CODE: CL-001-078-3-2508
CATEGORY: Fossil
CLASSIFICATION: Cnidarian
ACQUISITION: Donation
REGISTRATION DATE: 22-09-202
2508:Danmark - Østjylland
No full textVideoen viser resultatet af en mulig byudvikling i år 2508 i det østjyske bybånd i Danmark. Videoen viser en computeranimeret tur fra Århus til Fredericia. Videoen er lavet i et samarbejde mellem Henrik Harder, Peter Bro, Thomas Sick Nielsen og Simon Wind, Mikkel Stensgaard. Under arbejdet med animationen havde videoe havde arbejdstitlen "drøm eller mareridt. Fysisk medie: Video - fil Tidspunkt for udsendelse: 2008/08/1
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific (RI) 2508
No full textA photograph print showing the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific (CRIP, RI, or ROCK) 2508, 2-8-0 (BLW), Blue Island, IL
Block Card 2508 Westbury Court
No full textThis image was produced by the Auditor's Office in Lucas County, Ohio for tax assessment purposes. Associated dates are approximate. Descriptive terms related to this photograph include: Ranch houses | 2508 Westbury Court (Toledo, Ohio) | Dwelling | Southway Park (subdivision) (Toledo, Ohio) | Scott Park Area (Toledo, Ohio
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