1,742,092 research outputs found
The Irish Revenue System: Government and Administration, 1689-1702.
No full textPhDThis dissertation is an examination of the Irish revenue system in the reign of William III,
concentrating on the extent to which the period witnessed the development of a modem,
professional system, and the forces that shaped that change. The work is divided into an
introduction, nine chapters, a conclusion, and five appendices. Chapter one focuses on
the establishment of a Williamite revenue administration during the Irish war, 1689-91,
and the extent to which that administration maintained or altered the existing Jacobite
administration. Chapter two details the different revenue branches in Ireland, their origins
and legislative foundations, and the comparisons with the English revenue branches.
Chapter three examines revenue yield and expenditure, and the extent to which the
increased costs of government in the aftermath of the war necessitated an expansion of
the revenue sources. Chapter four provides an assessment of the role of the English
government in the Irish revenue establishment. Chapter five profiles the personnel of the
revenue commission, while chapter six examines the role of the commissioners. Chapter
seven focuses on the function and personnel of the commissioners' country-wide
collection service, while chapter eight looks at the diminishing role of the antiquated
exchequer. Chapter nine details the developments within Irish politics and parliament in
relation to the revenue, and examines how the government's increased need for money
caused the advent of regular parliaments, and allowed for greater parliamentary scrutiny
of the government's expenditure. The five appendices provide statistical information in
support of these chapters, covering the yield of all revenue branches, expenditure, petition
lists, office-holders in the exchequer, the revenue conmiission, the ancient customs offices,
and the collection service, money issues from the English treasury to the Irish receiverand
paymaster-general, and a list of revenue officials sitting as M.P.s in the Irish
parliament
Discovery of Bahia del Espiritu Santo, Coahuila, May 18th, 1689.
No full textDiscovery of Bahia del Espiritu Santo, Coahuila, May 18th, 1689
Catalogue des livres imprimez à Paris, par Jean Baptiste Coignard, imprimeur & libraire ordinaire du Roy & de l'Académie françoise, ruë S. Jacques à la Bible d'or. 1689.
No full text[Catalogue de libraire. Paris. Coignard, Jean-BaptisteI1689]Contient une table des matièresAvec mode text
'Rime and reason': the political world of the English broadside ballad, 1640-1689
Full text linkThis thesis explores political broadside balladry in England in the period from c.1640 to the Glorious Revolution, and argues that it was a medium by which the political ideals of Christian humanism were transmitted to a socially and geographically diverse audience. The investigation is based on an analysis of all extant broadsides and titles of the period in conjunction with contemporary sources such as diaries, discourses on literature and politics, state papers and court records. No comprehensive historical study of this material across such a broad period has been done to date.
The thesis is divided into three sections: the market, the medium and the message of the broadside ballad world. These analyse the range and nature of products and consumers in the political ballad market, set out the functions of the political ballad and present the political analysis that ballads offered contemporaries as they sought to render comprehensible the political world in a period of momentous change.
The findings of the thesis are first, that the use of cheap print as a source by historians necessitates a serious engagement with the material culture, the genre and the content of print products. Second, it challenges the long-standing orthodoxy that the broadside ballad functioned primarily as a news medium and offers an accurate assessment of the ballad genre as political cultural broker between centre and periphery and a more nuanced explanation of the ballad as vehicle of choice for political debate. Third, in the light of material and generic insights and through detailed content analysis, it reveals the way in which the most traditional broadside ballads, printed for most part in black-letter, used Christian humanist ideas, based on Aristotle and the New Testament, to explain the trauma of the civil war and interregnum, to complain at the incursions into law and liberty by corrupt and radical Stuart government and to lay out the constructs and constraints of a political world which made it possible for the xenophobic English to eject an English King in 1688-9 and make a Dutch one acceptable, by dressing him in the mantle of an English Protestant hero
Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899: Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes, and War
Full text linkBritain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century. War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite almost no increases in the taxes on land and income in Britain. The state ensured compliance not simply through the threat of lower tariffs on foreign substitutes but also through the encouragement of a trend towards monopoly production in brewing and restricted retail sales of beer (which began around 1700 and continued throughout the eighteenth century). This history is analyzed in terms of its effects on British fiscal and commercial policy from the early 1700s to the end of the nineteenth century. The result is a fuller, albeit revisionist account of the rise of the modern state that calls into question a variety of theses in economics and political science that draw on the naive view of a liberal Britain unilaterally moving to free trade in the nineteenth century.International Development, International Relations/Trade, Political Economy, F13, H20, N40, N43, N53, O13, Q17,
Political Economy of Anglo-French Trade, 1689-1899:Agricultural Trade Policies, Alcohol Taxes and War
Full text linkBritain – contrary to received wisdom – was not a free trader for most of the 1800s and, despite repeal of the Corn Laws, continued to have higher tariffs than the French until the last quarter of the century War with Louis XIV from 1689 led to the end of all trade between Britain and France for a quarter of a century. The creation of powerful protected interests both at home and abroad (notably in the form of British merchants, and investors in Portuguese wine) led to the imposition of prohibitively high tariffs on French imports -- notably on wine and spirits -- when trade with France resumed in 1714. Protection of domestic interests from import competition allowed the state to raise domestic excises which provided increased government revenues despite almost no increases in the taxes on land and income in Britain. The state ensured compliance not simply through the threat of lower tariffs on foreign substitutes but also through the encouragement of a trend towards monopoly production in brewing and restricted retail sales of beer (which began around 1700 and continued throughout the eighteenth century). This history is analyzed in terms of its effects on British fiscal and commercial policy from the early 1700s to the end of the nineteenth century. The result is a fuller, albeit revisionist account of the rise of the modern state that calls into question a variety of theses in economics and political science that draw on the naive view of a liberal Britain unilaterally moving to free trade in the nineteenth century.Distorted incentives, agricultural and trade policy reforms, national agricultural development, Political economy, agricultural trade policies and war, economic history of Europe, alcohol taxes, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, F13, F14, Q17, Q18, H20, N40, N43, N53, O13,
High performance 1689-nm quantum well diode lasers
No full text1689-nm diode lasers used in medical apparatus have been fabricated and characterized. The lasers had pnpn InP current confinement structure, and the active region consisted of 5 pairs of InGaAs quantum wells and InGaAsP barriers. Stripe width and cavity length of the laser were 1.8 and 300 pm, respectively. After being cavity coated. and transistor outline (TO) packaged, the lasers showed high performance in practice. The threshold current was about 13 +/- 4 mA, the operation current and the lasing spectrum were about 58 6 mA and 1689 +/- 6 nm at 6-mW output power, respectively. Moreover, the maximum output power of the lasers was above 20 mW
Public worship and practical theology in the work of Benjamin Keach (1640-1704)
No full textThe late seventeenth century was a critical and fruitful period
for the Particular Baptists of England. Severely persecuted following
the Restoration, toleration in 1689 brought its own perils.
Particular Baptists were fortunate in having several strong leaders,
especially the London trio of Hanserd Knollys, William Kiffin, and
Benjamin Keach. Such a small and severely persecuted group as the
Baptists could afford little time for academic pursuits, thus of
necessity most of their theology was practical in nature.
Benjamin Keach (1640-1704) was the most outstanding practical
theologian among the English Particular Baptists of the late
seventeenth century. This dissertation is a study of Keach, in
particular his writings on public worship and practical theology.
Although Keach was a prolific author, he has been almost completely
neglected by scholars.
After a biographical sketch of Keach, this study considers his
writings on public worship and practical theology. In the area of
worship, Keach made two outstanding contributions: First, he was the
most vocal apologist for Baptist views on Baptism of his period.
Secondly, and more importantly, his hymn writing and defense of hymn
singing broke new ground, not just for Baptists, but for English
Protestantism, in general. In addition to his contributions in these
areas, he also dealt with the laying on of hands and the sabbath day
worship controversy.
Keach's contributions to practical theology fall into two main
groups: his writings that concern religious education and those that
deal with polity. In addition to these, Keach's vigorous advocacy of
a high Calvinist soteriology are also considered under the rubric of
practical theology. Keach's most important (although not his most
positive) contribution in this area were his soteriological writings.
Although well within the bounds of orthodoxy, some of the tendencies
in Keach's soteriology were taken up by the following generation of
Baptist leaders and developed into a stultifying hyper-Calvinism that
handicapped Baptist evangelism and missions.
In the conclusion, Keach's contributions to a theory of practical
theology are considered
IX A 1 - Alte Stadtrechnungen (1689)
No full textIX A 1 - ALTE STADTRECHNUNGEN (1689)
IX A 1 - Alte Stadtrechnungen (1689) ( -
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