JURNAL AGRICA
Not a member yet
256 research outputs found
Sort by
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Petani Ikut Serta Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi di Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Full text linkThe agricultural sector is one of the businesses with high risks and uncertainties. Sources of risk and uncertainty, among others, come from the natural environment, especially climate change, floods, droughts and explosions of plant pest organisms. To overcome the losses of farmers, especially rice farming from the risk of crop failure, the government helps to protect farming businesses in the form of Rice Farming Insurance. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence farmers' decision to participate in rice farming insurance in Deli Serdang regency. The number of samples in this study was 100 samples with purposive sampling technique method. Factors influencing farmers' decision to participate in the rice farming insurance were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results showed that the farmer's decision to participate in rice farming insurance can be explained by the variables of farmer education, income, number of family dependents, land area, farming experience, intensity of the risk of crop failure, insurance procedures and getting government assistance by 86.8% while the remaining 13.2% is explained by variables outside the model. Internal factors that influence farmers' decisions to participate in the rice farming insurance include land area and farming experience. External factors that influence farmers' decisions to participate in the rice farming insurance include the intenistas of the risk of crop failure, following the insurance programSektor Pertanian termasuk salah satu jenis usaha yang risiko dan ketidakpastiannya tinggi. Sumber risiko dan ketidakpastian antara lain berasal dari lingkungan alam terutama perubahan iklim, banjir, kekeringan serta eksplosi organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Untuk mengatasi kerugian petani khususnya usahatani padi dari risiko gagal panen maka pemerintah membantu mengupayakan perlindungan usaha tani dalam bentuk asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani untuk Ikut serta program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani untuk ikut serta program AUTP dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik biner (binary logistic regression). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor internal yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani ikut serta program AUTP meliputi faktor pendidikan, luas lahan dan pengalaman usaha tani . Faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani ikut serta program AUTP meliputi intenistas resiko gagal panen, mengikuti sosialisasi, keaktifan pengurus kelompok tani dan mendapat bantuan pemerintah
Persepsi Petani tentang Program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) di Kota Padang
No full textPadang City is one of the highest rice production areas in West Sumatra Province. However, there are significant risks and uncertainty in conducting rice cultivation including climate change, as well as being subject to pests and diseases of crops and livestock, and the fluctuation of rice prices in the market. Agricultural risk mitigation is a solution to dealing with high levels of risk. The Government has made efforts to mitigate agricultural risks through the Rice Farming Business Insurance (AUTP) program. Therefore, this study aims to analyse farmers' perceptions of the AUTP program in Padang City. The research method used is survey. Primary data were collected using a structured interviews for 100 respondents in three subdistricts. Respondents were selected by using non probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The study results show that most of respondents already knew about the AUTP program from Extension Officers. However, almost 82 percent of respondents have never claimed due to the high percentage of damage claims (75% of the total affected land) which should be full filed. Farmers’ reason for join the AUTP program is because of they had experienced crop failure. Though, they are willing to pay AUTP premiums of IDR 36,000/Ha per planting season as a protection for their rice farming businesses.Kota Padang merupakan salah satu wilayah produksi padi yang tinggi di Provinsi Sumatra Barat. Akan tetapi, petani menghadapi risiko produksi karena usaha tani padi rentan terhadap perubahan iklim dan serangan hama dan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan risiko gagal panen. Mitigasi risiko pertanian menjadi solusi dalam menghadapi tingkat risiko yang tinggi. Sejak tahun 2016, Pemerintah telah melakukan upaya mitigasi resiko pertanian melalui program Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP). Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa persepsi petani tentang program AUTP di Kota Padang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan observasi pada usahatani padi di Kota Padang. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan cara wawancara terstruktur dengan kuisioner untuk 100 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap Program AUTP. Sebagian besar petani sudah mengetahui program AUTP yang bersumber dari informasi Petugas Penyuluhan. Akan tetapi, hampir 82 persen dari responden belum pernah mengajukan disebabkan syarat tingginya persentase klaim kerusakan (75% dari total lahan terdampak). Umumnya petani bergabung dengan program AUTP dilatar belakangi kegagalan panen. Walaupun pemahaman petani masih kurang tentang pelaksanaan AUTP tetapi mereka bersedia membayar premi AUTP permusim tanam sebagai bentuk perlindungan usaha tani pad
Analisis Integrasi Spasial Pasar Cabai Merah di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Full text linkNorth Sumatra Province is one of the largest red chili producing provinces in Indonesia. Red Chili production is spread across several districts and meets the needs of markets in North Sumatra. Production and differences in distance between producer areas and markets affect prices at the consumer level. Fluctuations in the price of Red Chili often occur so that this commodity is one of the contributors to inflation in North Sumatra. Inflation is measured from price indicators in 5 cities, namely Medan, Pematang Siantar, Sibolga, Padangsidimpuan, and Gunungsitoli. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of Red Chili production and prices and to analyze the integration of prices between Red Chili producer markets in 5 (five) cities in North Sumatra Province. The benefits of this study are as information for the North Sumatra Provincial Government in making policies. This study uses the descriptive analysis method and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method from weekly data for a period of 3 years, namely the period 2021 to 2023. The results of the study show that the comparison between production and demand for Red Chili in North Sumatra is in a surplus condition. Prices between the Red Chili producer markets in Medan City, Pematang Siantar City, Padang Sidempuan City, Sibolga City and Gunung Sitoli City are perfectly integrated. There is a short term relationship between the price of red chilies in Medan and Gunung Sitoli, Pematang Siantar and Sibolga. Price of red chilies in Padang Sidempuan with Sibolga, Medan and Pematang Siantar. There is a long-term relationship between the price of red chilies in Gunung Sitoli and Medan, Padang Sidempuan, Pematang Siantar and Sibolga. The relationship that occurs between the red chili price variable is a causal relationship, indicating that there is one-way causality between the red chili price variable in Medan and the price of Pematang Siantar chili and the price of Sibolga chili.Salah satu Provinsi yang merupakan penghasil cabai merah terbesar di Indonesia adalah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Produksi Cabai Merah yang tersebar di beberapa kabupaten, akan mempengaruhi pasokan pasar Cabai merah. Cabai Merah merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian penyumbang inflasi di Sumatera Utara, indikator harga dari 5 Kota yaitu Medan, Pematang Siantar, Sibolga, Padangsidimpuan, dan Gunungsitoli. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan produksi dan harga Cabai Merah serta menganalisis integrasi harga antar pasar produsen Cabai Merah pada 5 (lima) Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analisis deskriptif dan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan antara produksi dan kebutuhan Cabai merah di Sumatera Utara, maka kondisiya masih Surplus. Harga antara pasar produsen Cabai Merah pada Kota Medan, Kota Pematang Siantar, Kota Padang Sidempuan, Kota Sibolga dan Kota Gunung Sitoli terintegrasi secara sempurna. Terdapat hubungan Jangka Pendek antara harga Cabai merah di Medan dengan Gunung Sitoli Pematang Siantar dan Sibolga. Harga Cabai merah di Padang Sidempuan dengan Sibolga, Medan dan Pematang Siantar. Terdapat hubungan jangka Panjang antara harga Cabai merah di Gunung Sitoli dengan Medan, Padang Sidempuan, Pematang Siantar dan Sibolga. Hubungan yang terjadi antara variabel harga Cabai merah yaitu hubungan kausalitas, menunjukkan adanya kausalitas satu arah antara variabel harga Cabai merah di Medan terhadap harga Cabai Pematang Siantar dan harga Cabai Sibolg
Business Performance: The Role of Managerial Competence and Supply Chain Management Practices of Coffee Shops in Medan Cit
No full textCoffee Shop represents the final stage of the coffee agribusiness subsystem, serving as the producer of processed coffee products for consumers. The Coffee Shop business in Medan has grown and developed in various ways. The intense competition among Coffee Shops in Medan has affected business performance. Some have even ceased operations and eventually closed. This study aims to analyze the influence of managerial competence and supply chain management practices on the business performance of Coffee Shops in Medan. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach using questionnaires. Data is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Squares Second Order, as the variables in managerial competence and supply chain management practices are multidimensional. Respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method with a total of 35 respondents, coffee shop managers or business owners in Medan City with several criteria. The results indicate that managerial competence has a significant positive effect on supply chain management practices and a significant positive effect on business performance. Meanwhile, supply chain management practices in the coffee shop business do not have a significant effect on performance. Supply chain management practices have not been effective in reducing coffee raw material costs. Therefore, to improve business performance, business owners can increase sales volume by focusing on implementing marketing mix strategiesCoffee Shop adalah ujung dari subsistem agribisnis kopi yaitu produsen produk olahan kopi ke konsumen. Bisnis Coffee Shop tumbuh dan berkembang secara beragam di Kota Medan. Tingginya kompetisi Coffee Shop di Kota Medan berdampak terhadap kinerja usaha. Coffee Shop di Kota Medan tidak mengalami peningkatan keuntungan dari waktu ke waktu. Beberapa Coffee Shop juga ditemukan tidak beroperasi lagi dan akhirnya tutup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi manajerial dan praktik manajemen rantai pasok terhadap kinerja usaha Coffee Shop di Kota Medan. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Square Second Order karena variabel dalam kompetensi manajerial dan praktik manajemen rantai pasok bersifat multidimensional. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode Stratified Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 35 manajer atau pemilik usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kompetensi manajerial berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap praktik manajemen rantai pasok dan kompetensi manajerial berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap kinerja usaha. Sedangkan praktik manajemen rantai pasok berpengaruh positif tapi tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja usaha Coffee Shop.
Kata Kunci: Coffee Shop; Kompetensi Manajerial; Rantai Pasok; Kinerja Usaha
Strategi Pemasaran Beras Berdasarkan Analisis Tahap Business Life Cycle dan Analytical Hierarchy Process di PT Komoditi Tani Indonesia
Full text linkMarketing strategy is a way for companies to win a sustainable competitive advantage for both companies that produce goods or services. Every company will experience a business life cycle, this makes the company have to develop a marketing strategy according to the stage that is being experienced. This study aims to analyze the business position of PT Komoditi Tani Indonesia based on the stage of the business life cycle of rice produced and formulate the right marketing strategy. The sampling method used purposive sampling with a total of 6 expert respondents. The analytical method used is the Dickinson method and analytical hierarchy process using expert choice 11 software. It was shown by the results that in the business life cycle, the current business position of PT Komoditi Tani Indonesia is still in the introduction stage (start-up) with the characteristics of negative operational cash flow, negative investment cash flow, and positive funding cash flow. Then the results of the analytical hierarchy process of rice marketing strategies produce a priority order of marketing strategies based on the start-up stage, which includes developing product designs, participating in relevant events, product discounts, improving quality, bundling prices, collaborating with influencers, selling in supermarkets and selling in e-commerce. Companies need to develop marketing strategies that are in accordance with the stage of the business life cycle that is being undertaken, especially at the start-up stage to build brand awareness and attract consumers.Strategi pemasaran merupakan cara perusahaan untuk memenangkan keunggulan bersaing yang berkesinambungan baik perusahaan yang memproduksi barang atau jasa. Setiap perusahaan akan mengalami siklus hidup bisnis, hal tersebut membuat perusahaan harus menyusun strategi pemasaran sesuai tahap yang sedang dialami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi usaha PT Komoditi Tani Indonesia berdasarkan tahap siklus hidup bisnis (business life cycle) beras yang diproduksi serta merumuskan strategi pemasaran yang tepat. Metode penentuan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 6 responden ahli. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode Dickinson (2011) dan analytical hierarchy process menggunakan software expert choice 11. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam daur hidup bisnis, posisi usaha PT Komoditi Tani Indonesia saat ini masih berada di tahap pengenalan (start-up) dengan ciri-ciri arus kas operasional bernilai negatif, arus kas investasi bernilai negatif dan arus kas pendanaan bernilai positif. Kemudian hasil analytical hierarchy process strategi pemasaran beras menghasilkan urutan prioritas strategi pemasaran berdasarkan tahap start-up yaitu meliputi mengembangkan desain produk (0.152), mengikuti event yang relevan (0.152), diskon produk (0.149), meningkatkan kualitas (0.132), harga bundling (0.126), kerjasama dengan influencer (0.115), menjual di supermarket (0.092) dan menjual di e-commerce (0.082)
Analisis Efisiensi Produksi Usahatani Sagu di Provinsi Riau: Pendekatan Stokastik dan Deterministik
No full textSago is one of the potential commodities in Indonesia as a food reserve. The main issue with sago production is that it is still managed traditionally, without the application of proper cultivation techniques. Generally, sago farmers in Riau Province do not conduct adequate care and maintenance of sago plants, which affects sago productivity. This study aims to analyze the production efficiency of sago farming in Riau Province. The sampling method used was non-probability sampling with purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis was carried out using a stochastic approach with the Cobb-Douglas production function model. The results of the study show that technically, sago farmers in Riau Province are efficient in labor use but inefficient in utilizing harvest area. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the harvest area and adopt a regular planting distance using an equilateral triangle system to increase the number of clumps per harvest area. Meanwhile, allocative and economic efficiency in sago farming in Riau Province has not been achieved. The relatively small number of plant clumps and the high land prices make harvest area utilization allocatively inefficient. Although labor allocation is technically efficient, it is not efficient in terms of allocation and economics. Labor costs are relatively high; thus, to achieve efficiency, it is necessary to reduce labor cost allocation.Provinsi Riau memiliki luas areal, produksi dan produktivitas sagu tertinggi dibandingkan provinsi penghasil sagu lainnya di Indonesia. Namun usahatani sagu di Provinsi Riau pada umumnya dilakukan secara turun temurun. Sebagian besar petani sagu tidak melakukan perawatan dan pemeliharaan, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas sagu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi produksi usahatani sagu di Provinsi Riau dengan pendekatan stokastik dan deterministik. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada pendekatan stokastik adalah model fungsi produksi Cobb-douglas. Sedangkan pendekatan determenistik menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor-faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi produksi sagu adalah luas panen dan jumlah tenaga kerja. Sedangkan analisis efisiensi menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani sagu belum efisien secara teknis dan tidak efisien secara alokatif dan ekonomi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan input yang berlebih serta penerapan teknik budidaya sagu yang belum optimal. Selain itu, juga belum mampu mengkombinasikan input dengan harga input minimal. Pentingnya mencapai efisiensi ekonomis menekankan petani untuk mencapai efisiensi baik secara teknis maupun alokatif. Dengan demikian, petani dapat menghasilkan output yang optimal dengan penggunaan input yang minimal, sehingga menciptakan kondisi usahatani yang efisien
Pengaruh Penilaian Kinerja, Kompetensi, Pelatihan Kerja Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional 1
No full textPTPN IV Regional 1 Medan experienced several problems related to employee performance, meanwhile there is an imbalance in the number of employees with the existing workload, as well as a suboptimal work system. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of performance assessment, competence, job training and compensation on employee performance with motivation as an intervening variable. This study was conducted at the PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regionall Medan with a sample of 252 person with stratified random sampling and the analysis technique in this study using the Plartial Lealst Squalre (PLS) approach. The results showed that the variables of performance, competence, job training, compensation, motivation have a direct effect on employee performance. The variables of performance, competence have an indirect effect on employee performance through the motivation variable while the variables of job training and compensation do not have an indirect effect
AA. Asriadi, Firmansyah, Nailah Analisis Pengembangan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Terhadap Peningkatan Produksi Melalui Varietas Di Kecamatan Galesong Kabupaten Takalar: Analisis Pengembangan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Terhadap Peningkatan Produksi Melalui Varietas Di Kecamatan Galesong Kabupaten Takalar
No full textOne of the agricultural sub-sectors that is very important in everyday life is horticultural crops. One of the horticultural crop commodities that are always needed by the people of Indonesia is cayenne pepper. This study aims to analyze the elasticity of cayenne pepper production and the level of production, income and feasibility of cayenne pepper farming based on two varieties in Galesong District, Takalar Regency. The research took place in Galesong District, Takalar Regency. The research location was determined by purposive sampling, on the grounds that farmers at the location regularly carry out cayenne pepper farming and there is an increase in production and income. The number of farmer samples was 66 respondents. Analysis of research data using production, income, feasibility and regression of scale comparison of cayenne pepper varieties. The results showed that the maruki variety had a production elasticity (EP) value of 1.254 and the bhaskara variety with a production elasticity (EP) value of 1.271, so that the situation was included in the return to scale increased along with the value of Ep> 1. This happens when the addition of inputs will produce additional production of a greater proportion. The feasibility level of the R / C ratio of cayenne pepper maruki variety is 2.34 while the R / C ratio value of cayenne pepper bhaskara variety is 2.27, thus the R / C Ratio value of cayenne pepper maruki and bhaskara varieties is said to be feasible because the value is > 1.Cabai rawit merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang buahnya kecil dan rasanya pedas, karena cabai rawit juga memiliki harga jual yang cukup tinggi dipasaran. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan usahatani cabai rawit dan menganalisis tingkat kelayakan cabai rawit berdasarkan varietas di Kecamatan Galesong, Kabupaten Takalar dengan menetapkan 60 responden secara purposive random sampling dan analisis data menggunakan analisis penerimaan, pendapatan, analisis fungsi Cobb-Douglas dan analisis kelayakan R/C Rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cabai rawit berdasarkan varietas observasi dua varietas yang terdiri dari maruki dan bhaskara F1 diperlukan sebagai parameter nilai elastisitas hasil (EP) produksi melihat cabai rawit varietas maruki sebesar 1,254 dan cabai varietas bhaskara sebesar 1,271. Hal tersebut pada keadaan dimana return to scale meningkat seiring dengan nilai Ep > 1. Hal ini terjadi bila penambahan input akan menghasilkan tambahan produksi yang proporsinya lebih besar. Sedangkan nilai tingkat kelayakan R/C rasio cabai rawit varietas maruki sebesar 2,34 sedangkan nilai R/C rasio varietas cabai rawit bhaskara F1 sebesar 2,27. Hal ini merupakan nilai analisis R/C Ratio varietas cabai rawit maruki dan bhaskara F1 dengan nilai > 1 sehingga usahatani dianggap layak. Rekomendasi bagi petani untuk tetap melanjutkan usahatani cabai rawit dan bagi pemerintah khususnya dinas pertanian agar memperhatikan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana serta pelatihan bagi petani dan masyarakat sekitar untuk mengembangkan budidaya cabai rawit sehingga petani dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya
Path Analysis Pendapatan Dan Produktivitas Perempuan Pemanen Kopi Arabika Gayo
Full text linkCoffee agribusiness has various problems, female workers work for a week in Central Aceh Regency as freelance agricultural workers to help household income. Not all female harvesters work all day, there are female harvesters who work from morning to evening and there are those who only work from morning to afternoon. This research aims to analyze the influence of age, number of dependents, working hours, work experience and plant age through productivity on the income of women arabica gayo coffee harvesters. This research was carried out in Lukup Sabun Tengah Village, Kuta Panang District, Central Aceh Regency, Aceh Province with the number of samples used in this research totaling 45 samples taken by simple random sampling with the analytical tool used was path analysis. The results of this research show that the variables that have a greater direct influence on the income of women who harvest Gayo Arabica coffee are the number of dependents, working hours, work experience and age of the plant, while the variable age has a greater indirect influence through productivity on the income of women who harvest arabica gayo coffee
Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran 7P Terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Konsumen Ledug Coffee Indonesia
No full textMarketing mix plays an important role in today's business world, because consumer satisfaction and loyalty are created from a good marketing mix strategy. This study aims to analyze the effect of the 7P marketing mix consisting of product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence on consumer satisfaction and loyalty of Ledug Coffee Indonesia ground coffee. The population in this study were consumers who had purchased and consumed ground coffee products from Ledug Coffee Indonesia with a sampling technique using purposive sampling and data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 74 respondents. The method used in this study is the evaluation of the SEM model using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that the 7P marketing mix has a positive relationship with consumer satisfaction. The product, price and process variables have a positive and significant effect on satisfaction, while the place, promotion, people and physical evidence variables do not have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction of Ledug Coffee Indonesia. Consumer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty. Consumer satisfaction of Ledug Coffee Indonesia is influenced by several indicators, the most important of which is coffee qualityBauran pemasaran berperan penting dalam dunia usaha saat ini, karena kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen tercipta dari strategi bauran pemasaran yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh bauran pemasaran 7P yang terdiri dari product, price, place, promotion, people, process dan physical evidence terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen kopi bubuk Ledug Coffee Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang-orang atau konsumen yang pernah membeli dan mengonsumsi produk kopi bubuk dari Ledug Coffee Indonesia dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan pengambilan sampel purposive dan data yang diperoleh dengan mendistribusikan kuisioner kepada 74 responden. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah evaluasi model SEM menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bauran pemasaran 7P memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan kepuasan konsumen, namun tidak semuanya memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Variabel produk, harga dan proses berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan, sedangkan variabel tempat, promosi, orang, dan bukti fisik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen Ledug Coffee Indonesia. Kepuasan konsumen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap loyalitas konsumen. Kepuasan konsumen Ledug Coffee Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh beberapa indikator yang paling utama adalah kualitas kopi.
Kata Kunci: Bauran Pemasaran 7P; Kepuasan Konsumen; Loyalitas Konsume