JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURES, MATERIALS AND ENERGY
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Experimental Analysis of Cooling Fluid Temperature Effects on the Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) Integrated with Heat Sink
No full textThis study aims to experimentally analyze the effect of coolant temperature on the performance of a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) combined with a finned aluminum heatsink. The TEG operates based on the Seebeck effect, where a temperature difference between the hot and cold sides generates electrical energy. The experiment employed six SP-1848 TEG modules arranged in series and mounted on a heatsink partially immersed in static water as a cooling fluid. Measurements were taken every 300 seconds for a total of 3600 seconds, monitoring parameters such as hot side temperature (Th), coolant temperature (Tc), voltage, and current, as well as calculated power and efficiency. The results showed that the increasing exposure time to solar heat gradually raised Th, while Tc increased more slowly. The resulting temperature difference (ΔT) directly contributed to an increase in electrical power output of more than 0.005 W, and TEG efficiency exceeding 14%. This study highlights the importance of thermal management through heatsinks and coolant fluids in optimizing TEG performance, particularly in small-scale renewable energy applications
Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Head in Series and Parallel Circuit
No full textWhen the pump starts working and the fluid flow capacity is different from the pump capacity, an analysis is performed on the head value obtained from the pump whose value is insufficient to the required capacity. Analysis of the pump head capacity value is necessary to ensure that the pump can operate efficiently and according to system requirements. The method used to calculate the pump head value includes a theoretical approach and quantitative calculations. The pump head calculation is carried out by applying the Reynolds equation and other fluid mechanics principles, as well as considering factors such as flow velocity, pipe diameter, and fittings or supporting components used. The purpose of this analysis is to determine and calculate the optimal pump head value in a series or parallel arrangement so that the system can work under ideal conditions. The results of this study indicate that the pump head in a series arrangement is 3.9 m, while the Head value for a parallel arrangement is 2.2 m. The head loss value for the series arrangement is 0.000007108 or 71.08 {\times10}^{-6}, while the head loss value for the parallel arrangement is \ 0.000001197 m or 11.97 {\times10}^{-6}. Pumps with a series configuration are used to obtain higher pressures. Pumps with a parallel configuration are used to obtain larger flow rates
Application of Keyless Security System in Credenza Product Design
Full text linkA credenza is a type of furniture commonly utilized as a storage unit for various items, typically equipped with conventional physical locks. These locks, often made from iron, metal, or brass, pose a high risk of theft and require more time to unlock. This study proposes an alternative solution for enhancing storage security systems by incorporating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The adoption of a keyless security system based on RFID aims to replace conventional physical locks, offering improved security and efficiency. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of RFID technology and its practical application in credenza furniture. Experimental results using Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) as the material indicate that the maximum functional door thickness is 50 mm, with an authentication time of 1.27 seconds. The production process yielded a credenza featuring an RFID Reader Box installed on the inner side of the door, positioned 100 mm from the top edge, and a locking component located on the inner left wall, 115 mm from its edge
Development of an Equivalent Carbon Monitoring System for ACT Students at PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia
Full text linkPT Toyota Motor Manufakturing Indonesia (TMMIN) is a company with a production base for exporting vehicles and components in Asia Pacific. PT TMMIN has a vocational college called the Toyota Indonesia Community Academy (AKTI) so that it can help build the automotive industry in Indonesia. Toyota has a program called the Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050 which is a form of realization of the SDGs. AKTI as part of the Toyota business line has the initiative to play a role in this program by providing training to AKTI students in the form of a green curriculum. It is hoped that with the green curriculum AKTI students will be able to know the equivalent use of the carbon they produce in their daily activities. Therefore, AKTI needs to develop a website-based system, using the Agile methodology with the Extreme Programming (XP) framework, the PHP programming language with the Laravel 8 framework, and a MySQL database. In system development, functional modeling analysis is carried out which produces several diagrams such as use case diagrams, activity diagrams and class diagrams. The system can manage the process of using electrical devices by students, manage the process of student green activities, and monitor the equivalent value of carbon emissions for each student. This can be a reference for AKTI to prepare AKTI students who have environmental awareness values to support PT TMMIN's green program
The Influence of Operational Conditions on the Cold Test of CFB Boiler for Fluidization Process Using Air Cap Bell-Type
Full text linkFluidization is a method of contacting solid particles with a fluid so that they exhibit fluid-like properties. One industrial application of fluidization is the fluidization process in power plants using Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boilers where air is blown from the bottom as coal is burned to keep it suspended above the furnace. The variations used were air flow rates of 32,09; 62,72; 91,89; 123,98 and 154,61 m3/hour, bed material heights of 20; 30 and 40 cm, and types of bed material of coal and silica sand. This research aims to investigate the effects of changes in primary air flow, bed height, and type of bed material in the bed on fluidization behavior in CFB using an air cap bell-type through cold testing for easier observation. The results of this research show that at an air flow rate of 154,61 m3/hour and a bed material height of 40 cm, the highest pressure drop was obtained. For silica sand and coal, the pressure drops were 3,51 and 1,11 kPa, respectively. For the silica sand bed material, various fluidization phenomena were observed, while for coal, only the fixed bed phenomenon was observed
The Effect of Using Single Retention on Papermaking Process to Improve Product Quality and Reduce Costs: Case study Brown Paper Manufacturing
Full text linkMany objects around us use paper-based materials. Recycle fiber is an alternative raw material with great potential to meet fiber needs and overcome environmental problems. Paper with virgin pulp raw materials has a higher production cost than paper with recycled fiber raw materials. Apart from fiber raw materials, the chemicals used also cause high production process costs. Currently, the industry uses a double retention system for $ 63,022.5 per month; this cost comes from using more chemicals. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of single retention on machine run ability and the quality of paper produced and to find out how much production cost savings from the use of single retention. In this study, brown paper was made using CPAM chemicals as retention materials and silica as comparison retention materials with doses of 0.25kg/ton, 0.5kg/ton, 0.75kg/ton, and 1kg/ton, respectively. Then, wet-end properties testing was carried out, which included drainage and FPR.
Furthermore, dry-end properties testing, which included internal bonding, concord, ring crush, and tensile testing, was carried out on a laboratory scale. The results showed that using a maximum dose of cpam of 0.25kg/ton got better results. In using cpam above 0.25 kg/ton, quality degradation results are obtained, but the drainage produced continues to increase as the dose increases; this is influenced by the amount of floc formed in the stock, thus affecting the run ability of the machine. After research and calculations with the application of single retention in the brown paper manufacturing process, considerable cost savings were obtained, and quality can be maintained using strength agents
Design and Construction of Prototype of CNC Plasma Cutting Machine Simulator 3 Axis Based on Stepper Motor and Mach3 PC Software
Full text linkIn a workshop, the machining or cutting process of plates must be done quickly and accurately, while most of them are still done manually or by hand. One of the technologies used today is the CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) machine which is one of the results of the development of machining technology that can be operated automatically and continuously, so that it can support the need for requests for complex workpiece shapes, high accuracy and in large quantities. In its processing, this workpiece is very difficult to do with a manual process or with ordinary tools. To overcome this, a CNC plasma cutting machine design was made. CNC plasma cutting is a CNC machine whose motion system can move the plasma eye or torch according to computer commands. The design of this plasma cutting machine is carried out with a design process to determine the dimensions of the machine and calculations to determine the specifications of the drive motor, with the design of the electric wiring diagram and the selection of controller selection specifications for the system. By testing the precision of the tool during the experiment. The purpose of this design is to create a CNC plasma cutting machine with easily obtainable materials and capable of carrying out complex plate cutting work with high tool precision. This CNC plasma cutting machine uses 3-axis CNC as the main driver, namely the X axis, Y axis and Z axis, and is operated with Mach3 software as a CNC machine controller and uses a stepper motor to move the axis axis. Mach3 software was chosen because it has an easy configuration because there is an auto tuning feature in determining the precision of each axis and is easy to operate, and easy to get on the internet, so that with this CNC plasma cutting machine it can help a workshop in doing sheetmetal work efficiently and accurately which in the end can save material, time and cost of wor
Potential Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Transportation Bus Vehicles with Diesel Fuel and Compressed Natural Gas : Case Study: Fuel Mix Variations
No full textThe Indonesian government continues to strive to reduce CO2 emissions, with a target reduction of 29% by 2030. In urban areas, motor vehicles are the largest contributors to CO2 emissions, accounting for 70%. One of the steps that can be taken to reduce CO2 emissions is by using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a vehicle fuel. The purpose of this writing is to study the impact of replacing Diesel Fuel with CNG on the CO2 emissions generated by transportation buses.. Based on the discussion, the CO2 emissions produced by 100 city buses (fuel consumption of 100 L/unit/day) are 26.20 tons of CO2/day, 785.96 tons of CO2/month, and 9,562.56 tons of CO2/year for 100% diesel fuel. For 100% CNG fuel, the emissions are 0.02 tons of CO2/day, 0.63 tons of CO2/month, and 7.72 tons of CO2/year. CO2 emissions are reduced by 2.61 tons of CO2/day, 78.54 tons of CO2/month, and 955.49 tons of CO2/year for every 10% reduction in diesel fuel usage. CO2 emissions can be reduced by up to 99.9% by replacing diesel fuel with CNG. The area of forest required to eliminate CO2 with 100% diesel fuel composition annually is 16.79 hectares, while with 100% CNG composition, it is only 0.01 hectares. The forest area required decreases by 1.67 hectares for every 10% reduction in diesel fuel composition
Techno – Economic Analysis for Biorefinery
Full text linkThis comprehensive study explores the implementation of technical-economic analysis in the context of biorefinery, a key solution in the transition to a sustainable bio-based economy. The global biorefinery industry has witnessed significant growth, with a market value reaching USD 614.25 billion in 2022 and projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.2% through 2030. However, increasing energy consumption in biorefinery operations has raised concerns about economic efficiency and sustainability, underscoring the critical role of technical-economic analysis. This study adopts a bibliometric approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis to systematically examine the implementation of technical-economic analysis in biorefinery. The study offers several key findings: (1) the chemical, manufacturing, and food processing sectors account for a significant share of energy consumption, with a potential reduction of 30-40% through biorefinery implementation; (2) the integration of technical-economic analysis in biorefinery operations has resulted in a 40% increase in biomass conversion efficiency, a 35% increase in resource utilization, and a 45% reduction in waste generation, while delivering an annual ROI of 22%; (3) the application of technical-economic analysis has resulted in substantial cost savings, energy efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts. The study also identifies challenges, such as high initial investment and potential resistance to change, as well as the need for further research on the scalability and transferability of the proposed framework. In addition, the findings highlight important policy and regulatory implications, emphasizing the need for targeted incentives and industry-specific guidelines to promote the integration of technical-economic analysis in biorefinery projects. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the critical role of technical-economic analysis in transforming the biorefinery industry, paving the way for a more sustainable and resilient bio-based economy. The key insights and practical recommendations presented in this study can serve as valuable guidance for industry practitioners, policy makers, and researchers in advancing the adoption of this transformative strategy
Sustainable Biodiesel Industry: A Techno-Economic Framework For Evaluating Biodiesel Production
No full textThis study evaluates the technical and economic aspects of the biodiesel industry, focusing on factors affecting production feasibility and industry sustainability. Secondary data for the analysis were sourced from published and Scopus-indexed research. The study identifies biodiesel characteristics, production processes, techno-economic aspects, and the biodiesel market. The analysis indicates that biodiesel has significant potential as an alternative to fossil fuels. It shares comparable energy density and cetane numbers with fossil diesel while providing superior lubrication properties and lower CO₂ emissions. Biodiesel transesterification achieves high efficiency with alkaline catalysts and feedstocks with low free fatty acid content, resulting in higher biodiesel yields. From an economic perspective, feedstock costs constitute 75–80% of the total biodiesel production cost, posing a major challenge due to the high price volatility of feedstocks in the market. Supportive policies for utilizing local and non-food feedstocks are necessary to reduce dependence on similar and relatively expensive raw materials. The financial sustainability of biodiesel production depends on production process efficiency and feedstock price stability. Economic feasibility is measured using indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). This knowledge provides valuable insights for developing more effective strategies in the biodiesel industry, supported by targeted policies that enhance both economic and environmental viability