Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan
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Quality Control in Indonesia's Coconut Supply Chain
Full text linkIndonesia holds the largest coconut plantation area globally, accounting for 3.37 million hectares or 31.2% of the world’s total. Despite being the top exporter of fresh coconuts in shells, valued at USD 56 million, the country’s coconut exports still have low added value. This study aims to identify the structure and quality control mechanisms of the coconut supply chain in Riau and propose recommendations for improvement. The research employed field surveys involving stakeholders across the supply chain to assess current quality control practices. The supply chain begins with farmers and collectors, leading to either the copra industry (30%) or the coconut processing industry (70%), then to the crude coconut oil (CCO) industry as an intermediate stage. After refining, this becomes Coconut Oil (CNO), which is distributed to the food (38%) and non-food sectors. Quality control practices include sorting coconuts into standard and non-standard categories at the farmer level, and classifying copra into edible (15%), regular (60%), and rejected (25%) types at the copra industry level. The study recommends formalizing coconut classification standards, ensuring copra is free from aflatoxin contamination, and increasing the added value of non-standard coconuts through downstream innovations such as Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). These measures are expected to enhance product quality, support industrial diversification, and strengthen Indonesia’s position in the global coconut market.Indonesia holds the largest coconut plantation area globally, accounting for 3.37 million hectares or 31.2% of the world’s total. Despite being the top exporter of fresh coconuts in shells, valued at USD 56 million, the country’s coconut exports still have low added value. This study aims to identify the structure and quality control mechanisms of the coconut supply chain in Riau and propose recommendations for improvement. The research employed field surveys involving stakeholders across the supply chain to assess current quality control practices. The supply chain begins with farmers and collectors, leading to either the copra industry (30%) or the coconut processing industry (70%), then to the crude coconut oil (CCO) industry as an intermediate stage. After refining, this becomes Coconut Oil (CNO), which is distributed to the food (38%) and non-food sectors. Quality control practices include sorting coconuts into standard and non-standard categories at the farmer level, and classifying copra into edible (15%), regular (60%), and rejected (25%) types at the copra industry level. The study recommends formalizing coconut classification standards, ensuring copra is free from aflatoxin contamination, and increasing the added value of non-standard coconuts through downstream innovations such as Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). These measures are expected to enhance product quality, support industrial diversification, and strengthen Indonesia’s position in the global coconut market
Efisiensi Teknis Produksi Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit: Studi pada Afdeling I dan II Kebun S PTPN IV Regional V, Kalimantan Barat
Full text linkOil palm production efficiency plays a crucial role in maintaining productivity and sustainability amid fluctuating yields and increasing input use. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency of palm oil production at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional V West Kalimantan, one of the largest plantations in the region. The method employed is non-parametric statistics, utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with an output-oriented approach and the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption, based on panel data spanning five years (2019–2023). The study encompasses two divisions (Afdeling I and II), each comprising six different planting years to represent variations in plant age and productivity. Input variables include land area, labor, number of trees, NPK fertilizer, and plant age, while the output variable is fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production. The results showed that most plantation divisions with old and young planting years experienced production inefficiencies. Technical inefficiency is influenced by the distribution and management of inputs that are not yet optimal, as well as by the decline in plant population due to pest and disease attacks. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing input allocation, optimizing field management, and promoting the sustainability of palm oil production in the future.Oil palm production efficiency plays a crucial role in maintaining productivity and sustainability amid fluctuating yields and increasing input use. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency of palm oil production at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional V West Kalimantan, one of the largest plantations in the region. The method employed is non-parametric statistics, utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with an output-oriented approach and the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption, based on panel data spanning five years (2019–2023). The study encompasses two divisions (Afdeling I and II), each comprising six different planting years to represent variations in plant age and productivity. Input variables include land area, labor, number of trees, NPK fertilizer, and plant age, while the output variable is fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production. The results showed that most plantation divisions with old and young planting years experienced production inefficiencies. Technical inefficiency is influenced by the distribution and management of inputs that are not yet optimal, as well as by the decline in plant population due to pest and disease attacks. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing input allocation, optimizing field management, and promoting the sustainability of palm oil production in the future
Analisis Faktor–faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Eropa
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the key factors influencing the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to the European market from 2004 to 2023. As one of the world’s largest coffee exporters, Indonesia has experienced significant fluctuations in its export volume. Using multiple linear regression, the research examines the impact of three independent variables—rupiah-to-US dollar exchange rate, national coffee production, and the price of Indonesian coffee in the European market—on export volume, the dependent variable. Secondary data were sourced from official institutions, including Statistics Indonesia, FAO, ITC, and Bank Indonesia. The results indicate that all three variables have a positive and significant effect on export volume. The regression model explains 75.5% of the variation in export volume, with the remaining 24.5% influenced by external factors not included in the model. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining stable production, competitive pricing, and favorable exchange rates to enhance Indonesia’s coffee export competitiveness. The study provides strategic recommendations for stakeholders to enhance Indonesia’s coffee export performance by promoting production efficiency and macroeconomic stability through policies.This study aims to analyze the key factors influencing the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to the European market from 2004 to 2023. As one of the world’s largest coffee exporters, Indonesia has experienced significant fluctuations in its export volume. Using multiple linear regression, the research examines the impact of three independent variables—rupiah-to-US dollar exchange rate, national coffee production, and the price of Indonesian coffee in the European market—on export volume, the dependent variable. Secondary data were sourced from official institutions, including Statistics Indonesia, FAO, ITC, and Bank Indonesia. The results indicate that all three variables have a positive and significant effect on export volume. The regression model explains 75.5% of the variation in export volume, with the remaining 24.5% influenced by external factors not included in the model. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining stable production, competitive pricing, and favorable exchange rates to enhance Indonesia’s coffee export competitiveness. The study provides strategic recommendations for stakeholders to enhance Indonesia’s coffee export performance by promoting production efficiency and macroeconomic stability through policies
Respons Bibit Kopi Liberika terhadap Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula, Cocopeat, dan Pupuk NPK pada Tanah Ultisol
Full text linkLiberica coffee has great potential in West Kalimantan, but its productivity is low due to old plants that have not been rejuvenated. To improve yields, good planting media is needed, such as the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the addition of cocopeat. Proper NPK fertilization is also important soil. This study aims to observe the response of coffee seedlings to the application of mycorrhiza, cocopeat, and NPK fertilizer. The research was conducted in Limbung Village, Kubu Raya Regency, using a factorial completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor is mycorrhiza with two treatment levels, the second factor is cocopeat with four treatment levels, and the third factor is NPK fertilizer with three treatment levels. The results showed that the interaction treatment between mycorrhiza, cocopeat, and NPK fertilizer provided the best results, specifically the combination of mycorrhiza + 25 g. plant-1 cocopeat + 1 g.plant-1 NPK fertilizer on the growth of coffee seedlings in Ultisol soil, thereby accelerating seedling readiness for transplanting and field planting.Liberica coffee has great potential in West Kalimantan, but its productivity is low due to old plants that have not been rejuvenated. To improve yields, good planting media is needed, such as the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the addition of cocopeat. Proper NPK fertilization is also important soil. This study aims to observe the response of coffee seedlings to the application of mycorrhiza, cocopeat, and NPK fertilizer. The research was conducted in Limbung Village, Kubu Raya Regency, using a factorial completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor is mycorrhiza with two treatment levels, the second factor is cocopeat with four treatment levels, and the third factor is NPK fertilizer with three treatment levels. The results showed that the interaction treatment between mycorrhiza, cocopeat, and NPK fertilizer provided the best results, specifically the combination of mycorrhiza + 25 g. plant-1 cocopeat + 1 g.plant-1 NPK fertilizer on the growth of coffee seedlings in Ultisol soil, thereby accelerating seedling readiness for transplanting and field planting
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dalam Implementasi RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) pada Petani Pola Swadaya di Kabupaten Paser
Full text linkImplementing RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) standards is one way to address the challenges palm oil products face in competing in the global market. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that support farmers' decisions in implementing RSPO standards. The study was conducted from July to September 2025 in Kertabumi Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, with the Bumi Subur cooperative as a partner in the RSPO implementation process. Data collection was conducted through surveys and focus group discussions (FGDs). Data analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was conducted based on the FGD results, which were then weighted by experts comprising academics, supporting institutions, KUDs, independent farmers, and village officials. Decision support factors were arranged in a hierarchy: first, determining the decision objective; then, selecting criteria; and finally, determining decision alternatives. The results of the study show that the criteria with the highest value are environmentally friendly factors (0.249), followed by cultivation according to standards (0.228). After determining the criterion with the highest weight, the next step is to select decision-support alternatives for the environmentally friendly criterion with the highest weight, namely RSPO, which requires protecting high conservation-value areas (0.240). Based on the above, it can be seen that environmentally friendly cultivation is one of the most important factors that encourage farmers to implement RSPO standards, alongside demand for environmentally friendly palm oil products.Implementing RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil) standards is one way to address the challenges palm oil products face in competing in the global market. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that support farmers' decisions in implementing RSPO standards. The study was conducted from July to September 2025 in Kertabumi Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, with the Bumi Subur cooperative as a partner in the RSPO implementation process. Data collection was conducted through surveys and focus group discussions (FGDs). Data analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was conducted based on the FGD results, which were then weighted by experts comprising academics, supporting institutions, KUDs, independent farmers, and village officials. Decision support factors were arranged in a hierarchy: first, determining the decision objective; then, selecting criteria; and finally, determining decision alternatives. The results of the study show that the criteria with the highest value are environmentally friendly factors (0.249), followed by cultivation according to standards (0.228). After determining the criterion with the highest weight, the next step is to select decision-support alternatives for the environmentally friendly criterion with the highest weight, namely RSPO, which requires protecting high conservation-value areas (0.240). Based on the above, it can be seen that environmentally friendly cultivation is one of the most important factors that encourage farmers to implement RSPO standards, alongside demand for environmentally friendly palm oil products
Analisis Efektivitas Proses Produksi Kopi Menggunakan Metode Value Stream Mapping (VSM) pada Agroindustri PDP Sumber Wadung
Full text linkCoffee is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural commodities, contributing significantly to the national economy and export performance. The efficiency of post-harvest processes plays a crucial role in ensuring green bean quality and maintaining industry competitiveness. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the coffee production process at PDP Sumber Wadung Agroindustry using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) approach. The research was conducted in November 2025 at PDP Sumber Wadung, Silo District, Jember Regency, employing a descriptive-analytical method through observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data related to process flow, machine capacity, cycle time, and the distribution of value-added (VA) and non-value-added (NVA) activities. The Current State Map showed that the proportion of VA activities reached around 60%, while NVA activities remained around 40%, with the main bottlenecks identified in the mason dryer and manual sorting stages. The dominant types of waste included waiting, transportation, motion, overprocessing, and defects. Based on these findings, a Future State Map was developed that integrates improvement strategies, including layout redesign, parallel processing, process standardization, implementation of 5S, Kaizen, and production leveling (Heijunka). The simulation results show an increase in VA activity to more than 80%, a decrease in NVA activity to 18–20%, and a reduction in total lead time from 28–30 hours to 20–22 hours per batch. The results of this study indicate that applying lean manufacturing principles through VSM can improve production flow, reduce waste, and support continuous quality improvement in green coffee bean processing.Coffee is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural commodities, contributing significantly to the national economy and export performance. The efficiency of post-harvest processes plays a crucial role in ensuring green bean quality and maintaining industry competitiveness. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the coffee production process at PDP Sumber Wadung Agroindustry using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) approach. The research was conducted in November 2025 at PDP Sumber Wadung, Silo District, Jember Regency, employing a descriptive-analytical method through observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data related to process flow, machine capacity, cycle time, and the distribution of value-added (VA) and non-value-added (NVA) activities. The Current State Map showed that the proportion of VA activities reached around 60%, while NVA activities remained around 40%, with the main bottlenecks identified in the mason dryer and manual sorting stages. The dominant types of waste included waiting, transportation, motion, overprocessing, and defects. Based on these findings, a Future State Map was developed that integrates improvement strategies, including layout redesign, parallel processing, process standardization, implementation of 5S, Kaizen, and production leveling (Heijunka). The simulation results show an increase in VA activity to more than 80%, a decrease in NVA activity to 18–20%, and a reduction in total lead time from 28–30 hours to 20–22 hours per batch. The results of this study indicate that applying lean manufacturing principles through VSM can improve production flow, reduce waste, and support continuous quality improvement in green coffee bean processing
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Organik Cair Kotoran Kambing pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Vanili (Vanilla planifolia A.)
Full text linkThis research aimed to determine the best dose of goat manure liquid organic fertilizer for the growth of vanilla seedlings. The use of goat manure liquid organic fertilizer is based on nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Organic fertilizer is essential for improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. This research was conducted at Politeknik Negeri Lampung in June 2023. The design of the research employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single factor. The treatment consists of goat manure liquid organic fertilizer in five levels: 0 mL.plant-1 (B0), 50 mL.plant-1 (B1), 100 mL.plant-1 (B2), 150 mL.plant-1 (B3), and 200 mL.plant-1 (B4). Observation variables are plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width, and dry root weight. Based on the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, it is evident that the best treatment level is B4 (200 mL.plant-1). Goat manure liquid organic fertilizer treatment at a dosage of 200 mL.plant-1 shows the best results in terms of plant height (28.45 cm), stem diameter (0.67 cm), number of leaves (9.26), and dry root weight (0.29 g).This research aimed to determine the best dose of goat manure liquid organic fertilizer for the growth of vanilla seedlings. The use of goat manure liquid organic fertilizer is based on nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Organic fertilizer is essential for improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. This research was conducted at Politeknik Negeri Lampung in June 2023. The design of the research employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a single factor. The treatment consists of goat manure liquid organic fertilizer in five levels: 0 mL.plant-1 (B0), 50 mL.plant-1 (B1), 100 mL.plant-1 (B2), 150 mL.plant-1 (B3), and 200 mL.plant-1 (B4). Observation variables are plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width, and dry root weight. Based on the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, it is evident that the best treatment level is B4 (200 mL.plant-1). Goat manure liquid organic fertilizer treatment at a dosage of 200 mL.plant-1 shows the best results in terms of plant height (28.45 cm), stem diameter (0.67 cm), number of leaves (9.26), and dry root weight (0.29 g)
Dinamika Karbon Organik, Respirasi, dan Kelembapan Tanah pada Perbedaan Penutup Tanah dan Pupuk Organik Cair di Perkebunan Rakyat
Full text linkThe selection of cover crops is crucial in agricultural practices to improve soil quality and plant productivity. This research aims to analyze the effects of soil cover vegetation and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on soil organic carbon, soil respiration, and soil moisture. The research was conducted on a smallholder plantation in Kandangan Village, Laut Tador District, Batubara Regency, from April to September 2024. The method used was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: vegetation of soil cover (vegetated, bare, and planted with pintoi beans) and LOF type (from cow feces and cow urine). Data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS software version. 27. Differences in vegetation and the use of LOC cow manure affected soil organic carbon and soil respiration, but did not affect soil moisture. Pintoi bean vegetated fields increased soil organic carbon more than natural vegetation/grass. In contrast, soil respiration was higher in natural and grass-vegetated areas than in pintoi bean-vegetated areas, indicating a higher vegetation density that contributed more CO2. The interaction of vegetation and LOF influenced soil organic carbon, which was highest in the pintoi bean vegetated land irrigated with cow urine LOF, while soil respiration was higher in the grass vegetated land irrigated with cow urine LOF. Cow urine LOF is better at increasing soil biological activity.The selection of cover crops is crucial in agricultural practices to improve soil quality and plant productivity. This research aims to analyze the effects of soil cover vegetation and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on soil organic carbon, soil respiration, and soil moisture. The research was conducted on a smallholder plantation in Kandangan Village, Laut Tador District, Batubara Regency, from April to September 2024. The method used was a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: vegetation of soil cover (vegetated, bare, and planted with pintoi beans) and LOF type (from cow feces and cow urine). Data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS software version. 27. Differences in vegetation and the use of LOC cow manure affected soil organic carbon and soil respiration, but did not affect soil moisture. Pintoi bean vegetated fields increased soil organic carbon more than natural vegetation/grass. In contrast, soil respiration was higher in natural and grass-vegetated areas than in pintoi bean-vegetated areas, indicating a higher vegetation density that contributed more CO2. The interaction of vegetation and LOF influenced soil organic carbon, which was highest in the pintoi bean vegetated land irrigated with cow urine LOF, while soil respiration was higher in the grass vegetated land irrigated with cow urine LOF. Cow urine LOF is better at increasing soil biological activity