Jurnal ILMU DASAR
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The Effect of the Type of Planting Media and The Addition of O2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon Orchid Plantlets in Vitro
Full text linkDendrobium orchids come in a variety of colors, shapes, and beauty that are in great demand. The process of growing orchids requires special handling of an appropriate growing environment, such as proper planting media and nutrients that can stimulate orchid growth. This type of thin liquid film media is the use of liquid media with an immersion system while vermiculite and perlite media have almost the same properties. However, vermiculite has a higher water absorption capacity than perlite. Nanobubbles are bubbles with 1-100 nm that can live more stably in water. This study aims to influence the type of media and the addition of Nanobubbles O2 on the growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon orchid plantlets. This research was carried out from November to December 2022 at the PT. Java Indo Arjuna Singosari, Malang. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely solid MS, gaviota solid, thin liquid film, thin liquid film + NBs O2, vermiculite, vermiculite + NBs O2, perlite, perlite + NBs O2, vermiculite + Perlite, vermiculite + perlite + NBs O2 with 4 replications. The data were analyzed descriptively and the Manova test. The results showed that the vermiculite + NBs O2 treatment had the potential to increase the length of plantlets by 13.80 mm, the wet weight of plantlets by 0.30 g, the percentage of live plantlets by 100% whereas in the vermiculite + perlite treatment has the potential for the first root growth to appear, namely 5 HST. The vermiculite treatment had the potential to increase the highest number of leaves by 5 leaves, whereas in the leaf color treatment the solid MS treatment had a more intense green color
Conversion of LDPE Plastic Oil to Gasoline by Supercritical Water Liquefaction
Full text linkLDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) is one of the plastic waste that is often found in the surrounding environment. Based on data from the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) in 2022, waste in Indonesia reached 17.834.071 tons/year with 18.5% being plastic waste. Plastic waste management generally uses recycling. However, recycling plastic waste is not efficient enough in tackling plastic waste in Indonesia. Recently, a promising alternative recycling method for the future is pyrolysis, a process to convert plastic into fuel oil. However, the pyrolyzed oil still contains impurities that reduce the quality of the oil. As an effort to improve the quality of pyrolysis oil, the author proposes the addition of zeolite catalyst in the pyrolysis process followed by the Supercritical Water Liquefaction (SWL) method. The zeolite catalyst aids the degradation process thereby accelerating the reaction rate. The SWL method is able to convert plastic waste into low molecular weight chemicals. The results obtained will be analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to determine the length of the carbon chain in the sample. Based on the chromatography data, it is found that the number of peaks and retention times show carbon chains ranging from C8-C12, from these results it can be identified that the sample is included in kerosene or kerosene compounds. After the SWL process, the percentage of kerosene and diesel is reduced to 11% gasoline. So the Supercritical Water Liquefaction process is proven to break down long hydrocarbon chains into lighter ones
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Extract from Soil Bacteria Isolated from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Full text linkSoil bacteria could be the promising source of secondary metabolites with diverse pharmacological activities. Bacteria coded as P1 and M7 were isolated from soil obtained from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, cytotoxic property, and identify the chemical profile of the extract derived from soil bacteria P1 and M7. Based on 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, extract derived from P1 isolate was moderately active against ABTS free radical with IC50 of 126.22±10.82 µg/mL, and less active on DPPH (IC50: 721.95±16.59 µg/mL), while M7 extract was less active towards DPPH and ABTS. Interestingly, these extracts in the concentration of 100 µg/mL were cytotoxic to breast cancer cell (MCF-7), as tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MCF-7 viability was decreased up to 69.83±1.46 % and 61.49±0.76 % after treated with P1 and M7 extract, respectively. The extracts were also induced membrane disruption and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The extracts contained phenol (9.52±0.22 and 10.41±0.09 mg EAG/g extract, for P1 and M7, respectively) and flavonoids (9.16±0.16 and 9.29±0.24 mg EQ/g extract, for P1 and M7, respectively). According to Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, Pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl) that previously well known as antioxidant and cytotoxic compounds, were found in the M7 and P1 extract. This compound may play a vital role in the radical scavenging and cytotoxic properties of P1 and M7 extracts. The results of this study indicate that P1 and M7 extracts could be the potential source of antioxidant and cytotoxic compounds and need to be further developed for pharmaceutical use
The Structure of p-fixed Autonilpotent Finite Groups
Full text linkThe concept of autonilpotent groups was introduced by Moghaddam and Parvaneh in 2010 which is related to concepts of absolute centre and autocommutator subgroups that were first proposed by Hegarty in 1994 and 1997 respectively. In the present article we give some useful properties of such groups. In the first section, we define a subgroup GK_n for a given group G, as GK_n=〈 [g ,α^n ] ┤| g∈ G,α∈Aut(G) 〉 which is characteristic subgroup of G . In this section, based on the induction method, we obtain the structure of GK_n as 〈 [ g ,α ]^n ┤|g∈ G,α∈ Aut(G) 〉, 〈 [ g ,α ]^n [g,α,α]^(n(n-1)/2) ┤|g∈ G,α∈ Aut(G) 〉 and 〈 (âˆ_(i=0)^(n-1)▒〖[g,α] [g,α,α]^i) [g,α,α,α]^((n(n-1)(n-2))/6) 〗┤|g∈ G,α∈ Aut(G) 〉 in autonilpotent groups of classes 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In second section, n-fixed group is introduced as a group G with GK_n=1 for some n∈N. Then among other results of n-fixed groups, we characterize some n-fixed groups. Based on the role of the absolute centre subgroup in the structure of the group, we prove a non-trivial finite group G is isomorphic to Z_2 iff G is 1-fixed group also we show that abelian group G is p -fixed autonilpotent group iff it is isomorphic to G≅ C_(2^k ) where 1≤ k≤
Efficacy of Ethanol Extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Against Pneumonia-Causing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Full text linkKlebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens in nosocomial respiratory infections. Antibiotics are often used for the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections. Increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics is closely related to the success rate of infectious disease therapy. The use of plants as phytopharmacology is currently an alternative treatment. Some medicinal plants that have antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity are Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) with an active compound called andrographol. The purpose of this study was to provide a solution to the problem above by developing a phytopharmaceutical using bitter extract to inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae bacteria. Two sputum samples from the laboratory confirmed Covid-19 patients with pneumonia infection at the Hospital. The sambiloto was extracted by using 96% ethanol. The extract was further analyzed for its antimicrobial activity and phytochemical compounds. There were two K. pneumoniae isolates, namely KpRNG and KpTRI. The active compounds were saponin and steroids. The antimicrobial activity of the ginger extract was measured with different concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Its inhibitory zone against K. pneumoniae was ranging from 5.8 to 7 mm or had a moderate inhibition category
Improved of Multiobjective Fuzzy Probabilistic Solid Transportation Models in Transportation Systems
Full text linkTransportation activities are stages in the product distribution system. The purpose of the transport system is to minimize the total cost. If there is more than one objective function and consider more than one type of vehicle, it is called a multiobjective solid transportation problem. In some cases, the parameter transportation model is under uncertainty. A probabilistic and fuzzy approach can be used. This research introduces a probabilistic fuzzy multiobjective solid transportation model where the source, destination and vehicle parameters follow the Pareto distribution. A triangular fuzzy number expresses the coefficient of the objective function. The obtained model is applied to the problem of the metal crate transportation system. There are two objective functions; the first is the objective function to minimize the total cost. The second is the objective function to minimize the total transportation time. Three types of vehicles are considered: HDL, Engkel and Wingbox. The result is that the total cost is Rp. 3836595, and the total time is 757.245 minutes or 13 hours