THE SPIRIT OF SOCIETY JOURNAL
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Analysis of Factors Causing Delays in the Implementation of the 500 L/D Water Treatment Plant Project in Duriangkang, Batam
Full text linkBatam Development Authority has initiated the construction of a new Water Treatment Plant (WTP) at the Duriangkang Reservoir with a production capacity of 500 liters per second. The project aims to address the increasing demand for clean water driven by rapid population growth, urban expansion, and industrial development. However, the project has experienced implementation delays, prompting the need to identify the main contributing factors, determine the most dominant factor, and propose solutions to mitigate future delays. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study combines qualitative and quantitative analysis through a descriptive–analytical survey method. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to project stakeholders, including the project owner, supervising consultants, contractors, and relevant government agencies. The findings indicate that financial constraints are the most dominant factor influencing project delays, with a T-Statistic of 3.256 and a P-Value of 0.001. Other important factors include managerial issues, material shortages, and labor availability, while equipment availability is found to have no significant impact. Statistical analysis using SmartPLS 4 confirms the reliability and validity of the constructs, with financial, material, and managerial aspects playing a particularly important role in project implementation. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the body of knowledge on construction project management and offers practical insights for government institutions and stakeholders in mitigating delays in future infrastructure projects
Analysis of Project Network Planning Using the Critical Path Method
No full textIn the development of the implementation of building construction projects, work is often delayed from the specified time, to overcome this, an implementation method is needed, one of which is using Network Planning with the Critical Path Method (CPM ). CPM is a basic method of planning and controlling a work system based on a network or network that can increase efficiency and effectiveness in allocating time and costs. The research method used is the primary research method, conducting observations or direct observations in the field and conducting face-to-face interviews on projects being implemented with a self-management system, carried out by the SMK Negeri 1 Bualemo school by forming a school construction team (P2S). The application of network planning with the CPM method in building construction can accelerate the project implementation schedule compared to the specified time and can increase the cost effectiveness of project implementation. The results of the study using CPM are known to be Critical Paths, namely Activities A – C – H – L – M – N – T – W – X – Y with the original project completion time of 175 days to 157 days, optimizing the time by 18 days, with the original Budget of Rp. 2,224,035. 000,- to Rp. 2,140,996,000 ,- cost optimization of Rp. 83,038,723.02
Integration of Islamic Law in Global Trade Transactions in The Digital Era; Normative and Comparative Study
No full textDigital-based global trade has transformed cross-border transactions into an ecosystem that relies on electronic contracts, online marketplaces, fintech payment channels, algorithmic mediation, and cross-jurisdictional data flows. This transformation raises legal issues regarding the validity of agreements, Sharia compliance, consumer protection, data governance, platform accountability, and cross-border enforceability. This undergraduate legal research examines the integration of Islamic law in global trade transactions in the digital era through normative and comparative approaches. This study analyses muamalah principles, particularly the prohibitions on riba (usury), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling), and uses maqasid al-sharia as an evaluative framework to assess whether digital trade practices protect property, honour, and justice (Al-Shatibi, 2004). The analysis is compared with Indonesian positive law governing the digital economy, including Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic Systems, Law Number 1 of 2024 as the second amendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions regime, Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (Republic of Indonesia, 1999; 2019; 2022; 2024). This research also aligns Sharia norms with international instruments that facilitate the recognition of cross-border electronic communications based on functional equivalence, namely the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce and the UN Convention on Electronic Communications in International Contracts (UNCITRAL, 1996; United Nations, 2005). A comparative study of literature indexed in Google Scholar, SINTA, and Scopus shows that previous research often positioned Sharia compliance as a conceptual checklist, while recent Scopus studies emphasize the importance of trust, governance, and institutional design as prerequisites for a Sharia-compliant digital ecosystem (Ribadu & Rahman, 2019; Wira, 2024). This research offers a layered integration model that connects Sharia contract compliance, national regulatory compliance, technological accountability, and cross-border dispute resolution. The results conclude that Islamic law is normatively compatible with global digital trade as long as the principles of transparency, halal objects, informed consent, justice, and accountability are upheld through executable legal and governance mechanisms
Analysis Model of Pedestrian Facilities as a Support for Sustainable Transportation System in Jakarta
Full text linkJakarta, with its various urban challenges, requires integrated solutions. Transportation issues are one of the most crucial aspects to address. The interaction between its various elements must be carefully planned, one of which is pedestrian infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the role of pedestrian facilities as an integral part of the sustainable transportation system in Jakarta, identify related problems, and develop a pedestrian facility model that supports the use of sustainable transportation modes. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this study applies Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the relationship between pedestrian infrastructure conditions and public preference in using environmentally friendly transportation modes. The infrastructure issues in Jakarta regarding carbon emission reduction, urban mobility enhancement, and the integration of pedestrian planning with technological advancements, such as autonomous vehicles, are discussed. Data were collected through surveys and literature studies. The analysis results on the relationship and influence of pedestrian facility models on the sustainable transportation system show that Model B (technology-based pedestrian facilities) has a t-statistic value of 7.863 and a P-value of 0.000, which is significantly higher than Model A (social-based pedestrian facilities) with a t-statistic value of 3.259 and a P-value of 0.001. The analysis of pedestrian facility models on user satisfaction shows similar results, where Model B has a t-statistic of 7.863 and a P-value of 0.000, compared to Model A's t-statistic of 3.259 and a P-value of 0.001. This conclusion indicates that technology-based pedestrian facilities are more favored by users
Factors Affecting Rural Households' Charcoal and Firewood Production in Selected Dryland Woredas of Oromia and Afar regions
Full text linkThis study set out to investigate the variables that influence households' participation in the production of woodfuel in the dryland regions of Ethiopia's Oromia and Afar regions. Using snowball sampling, 231 households in total were sampled. Out of the 231 sample houses, 155 of them produced wood fuel, and the remaining 76 did not. Focus groups and surveys of households were used to gather data. A binary probit regression model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that households producing wood fuel do so because it is their primary source of income during times of household food scarcity, lack of other work options, and occurrence of various shocks including drought and other diseases affecting crops and livestock. The majority of the labor used in the household to produce woodfuel came from family members. Results from the binary probit model demonstrated that access to extensions and education, both of which were shown to be statistically significant, have a negative impact on household participation in the production of woodfuel. Conversely, the ownership of animals, income, the frequency of droughts, and livestock diseases all had a beneficial impact on household participation in the production of woodfuel. Because there are many different methods of producing wood fuel, policymakers must consider the best approaches to promoting the sustainable use of dryland forest management as well as socioeconomic intervention alternatives that support alternative lifestyles
River Capacity and Pump Requirements for Flood Prevention in Urban Areas
Full text linkFloods are one of the natural disasters that often threaten human lives and assets in urban areas. Factors such as climate change, rapid urbanization, and land changes can increase the risk of flooding. Pesawahan Village, located in the Porong District, Sidoarjo Regency, is one of the areas that frequently experiences flooding issues. Floods in this village can endanger the lives of the community, agricultural land, and essential infrastructure. To reduce the risk of flooding and protect valuable resources, in-depth research is needed on the capacity of the river passing through Pesawahan Village and the requirements for a pump system for flood prevention. Pesawahan Village is situated in low-lying terrain and is close to a significant river or water channel. This topographical and geographical condition makes the village vulnerable to flooding, especially during intense rainy seasons. The area often experiences high rainfall during the rainy season, leading to river overflow and subsequent flooding. Population growth and infrastructure development in Pesawahan Village can alter the water flow patterns and reduce the river's capacity, exacerbating the risk of flooding. A pump system is one effective solution to mitigate the risk of flooding in urban and rural areas. However, to design and operate an efficient pump system, a good understanding of the river's capacity and water flow characteristics in the area is essential
Feasibility Analysis of Clean Water System Investment of Tirta Tuah Benua Drinking Water Company, East Kutai, Kaliorang District
Full text linkWater is a very vital natural resource and is needed to determine the sustainability of life of all living things on this earth. The problem faced is that the clean water system to residential areas is not smooth, to overcome this, a good clean water distribution network and good clean water system management are needed and are able to serve the clean water needs of residents in the area. In order to realize this, a fairly large investment is needed. One of them is by implementing company investment in the form of increasing the capacity of the raw water supply system. Based on the background mentioned, the title of this study is Feasibility Analysis of Clean Water System Investment at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Tuah Benua Kutai Timur, Kaliorang District. The solution method in this calculation for Feasibility Investment Analysis uses the Net Present Value (NPV) method, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) method. From the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the NPV value was IDR 4,627,419,730 (NPV> 0). So the investment in developing production capacity and clean water networks at Perumda Air Minum Tirta Tuah Benua, Kaliorang District, is feasible to continue. A positive NPV value or greater than (>0) indicates that the income is greater than the invested value. The IRR value obtained is 15.50% > 10% (the minimum expected interest rate), so the investment in developing the production capacity and clean water network of Perumda Air Minum Tirta Tuah Benua, Kaliorang District is feasible to be implemented
Value Engineering on the Mosque Construction Project in the South Kalimantan Provincial Government Office Area
Full text linkThe analysis performed to optimize costs will generate alternatives that will be compared with the initial design, and this analysis can be called value engineering analysis. This research aims to assess the percentage of cost savings that can be obtained by applying the value engineering technique, as well as to evaluate the life cycle cost of various selected material alternatives. The Mosque Construction Project in the South Kalimantan Provincial Government Office Area was chosen as the research object because of cost inefficiency in the architectural work, with a total cost of Rp. 26,857,215,362.63 out of the total project cost of Rp. 55,600,738,764.97. The architectural work will be corrected using Pareto diagram analysis through the value engineering phases, namely the information phase, speculation phase, and analysis phase. From the value engineering analysis results, a savings of 3.65% of the total project value was obtained. The life cycle cost analysis shows that the selected material has a lower life cycle cost value compared to the initially planned material. In addition, the work execution time with the selected material can complete the work on site more quickl
Analysis of Time Control Using the Earned Value Method on The Container Yard Project of the Banjarmasin Navigation and KPLP Office
Full text linkThe use of an inappropriate implementation method will result in a delay in project completion time, and conversely, a properly planned implementation method will result in a time-efficient project. In the Container Yard construction project for the Navigation Office and the KPLP Office in Banjarmasin, there was a discrepancy between planned and actual progress in the 23rd week of May, where the actual progress did not reach the planned progress on site. Project execution faced obstacles and constraints, including the availability of skilled labor and the limited supply of construction materials at the project site, as well as the late arrival of materials. In addition, there were also weather factors that caused the project duration to be slightly slower than planned. The earned value method is one of the methods used to analyze a project's time performance. This method can be used to calculate the estimated time required for project completion. This underlies this research to analyze earned value to determine the extent of the project's time performance. Furthermore, the use of the earned value method in this research object is based on the need to integrate project performance measurement, which includes time and work items. The results of the study show that time performance (Schedule Performance Index) has a value of less than 1, indicating that the project performance is slower than the planned schedule. Meanwhile, the Estimate All Schedule (EAS) value shows a value of 244 days, which is 4 days longer than the planned schedule
Sensory Evaluation and Consumer Preference of a Tempeh–Beef Burger Prototype for Urban Markets
No full textUrban culinary development creates opportunities to reintroduce local ingredients in formats that meet modern consumer preferences for taste, nutrition, and attractive presentation. This study explored the acceptance of a tempeh-based burger (ITBurger) as an innovative soybean product for urban markets. A total of 20 urban consumers aged 18–30 participated in a controlled sensory evaluation. The burger patty was formulated with 60% steamed tempeh and 40% lean ground beef, then assessed for taste, texture, aroma, and appearance using a 9-point hedonic scale. Participants also identified the primary reason for their preference among taste, texture, appearance, or nutritional value. Results showed high overall acceptance, with taste receiving the highest mean score (8.2 ± 0.5), followed by appearance (8.0 ± 0.4), texture (7.8 ± 0.6), and aroma (7.6 ± 0.7). Taste was the most frequently cited reason for liking the product (50%), while appearance and texture each accounted for 20%, and nutritional value 10%. These findings confirm that flavor and visual appeal are the key drivers of consumer acceptance, while health benefits play a secondary role. The positive response to a tempeh–beef hybrid highlights the potential of flexitarian approaches to reposition traditional soybean products as modern, appealing foods. This model offers a practical pathway for small food enterprises to promote healthy, locally based innovations in urban culinary markets