R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal
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Optimizing the Utilization of Renewable Energy in the Indonesian Army's Military Infrastructure: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Study Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems in Remote Areas: Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Energi Terbarukan dalam Infrastruktur Militer TNI AD: Telaah Literatur Sistematis dan Analisis Studi Kasus Hybrid Energy System di Wilayah Terpencil
No full textKemandirian energi bagi pos-pos militer di daerah terpencil merupakan isu strategis yang berimplikasi langsung terhadap ketahanan pertahanan negara. Saat ini, sebagian besar pos militer TNI AD masih mengandalkan generator diesel, yang memiliki konsumsi bahan bakar tinggi, biaya logistik mahal, dan dampak lingkungan yang signifikan. Sejalan dengan agenda transisi energi nasional menuju Net Zero Emission 2060, integrasi energi terbarukan di sektor pertahanan menghadirkan peluang sekaligus tantangan. Artikel ini menyajikan analisis dan tinjauan literatur terkini tentang penerapan sistem energi terbarukan hibrida di daerah terpencil, baik di Indonesia maupun di luar negeri, serta mengkaji implikasinya bagi pos-pos militer TNI AD. Metodologi penelitian ini mencakup tinjauan sistematis terhadap publikasi internasional (Scopus, ScienceDirect), jurnal nasional terakreditasi (Sinta), laporan pemerintah, dan dokumen kebijakan dari tahun 2015–2024. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem hibrida PLTS, baterai, dan diesel merupakan konfigurasi yang paling relevan, dengan potensi penghematan bahan bakar sebesar 70-85%, pengurangan biaya operasional logistik, dan pengurangan emisi karbon yang signifikan. Studi di Filipina, Afrika, dan kepulauan Indonesia menunjukkan keberhasilan implementasi sistem hibrida di wilayah terpencil, yang dapat diadaptasi untuk pos-pos militer TNI AD. Artikel ini memberikan kontribusi akademis dengan mengintegrasikan literatur energi terbarukan dengan perspektif pertahanan dan menawarkan rekomendasi praktis untuk implementasi proyek percontohan sistem hibrida di pos-pos militer perbatasan
Design and Fabrication of a Modular Mini-Hydro Turbine for Off-Grid Electrification in Nigeria’s Riverine Communities
Full text linkThis research presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a modular crossflow mini-hydro turbine engineered to address persistent energy access challenges in Nigeria’s off-grid riverine communities. The system was conceived to operate efficiently under low-head, variable-flow conditions typical of inland watercourses, using a fully modular design framework that emphasises ease of deployment, maintenance, and scalability. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed during the design phase to optimise internal flow characteristics, nozzle geometry, and runner-blade profiles. The turbine achieved a hydraulic efficiency of 62% to 68% and produced a consistent power output of 300–340 W per module across a range of flow conditions. Empirical testing validated the CFD predictions with deviations remaining under 7%, confirming the design’s reliability. Environmental assessments revealed noise and vibration levels well within rural acceptability thresholds, and casing integrity was preserved under continuous operational testing. A key innovation of the system lies in its modular configuration. All primary components—including the shaft-runner assembly, generator unit, and control interface—were designed to be independently replaceable using basic tools. Scalability tests confirmed that dual-module operation retained 92% efficiency, demonstrating the viability of phased expansion in community-scale installations. The turbine aligns with national electrification objectives and offers a replicable, context-sensitive solution for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa. The study contributes a practical and scalable model for clean energy deployment, advancing the case for modular micro-hydro systems as critical infrastructure in remote and underserved regions
Analysis of Power Transformer Core Retaining Plate Damage During Ship Transportation Using Response Spectrum Method: Analisis Kerusakan Pelat Penahan Inti Transformator Daya Saat Transportasi Kapal Laut Menggunakan Metoda Response Spectrum
No full textInti transformator daya diletakan di dalam tangki dengan kondisi pressfit 4 sisi di bagian dasar tangki dan 4 bagian sisi atas ditopang dari 4 arah terhadap gerakan longitudinal - transversal kemudian 2 pedestal atas inti transformer ditekan dengan tutup tangki di bagian bawahnya. Pada waktu transportasi di laut transformator ini mengalami impak yang terekam sebesar 4.1g, kemudian dengan penyidikan visual terlihat lepasnya pelat penahan dan inti transformator mengalami pergeseran dan kerusakan sehingga transformator harus dimanufaktur kembali di pabriknya. Analisa dinamika menggunakan metoda elemen hingga (finite element method) diperlukan untuk mengetahui apakah kegagalan penopang sudah terjadi di atas nilai percepatan 1g, sehingga nilai 4.1g adalah benturan inti transformator ke tangkinya. Pemodelan dibuat 3D shell wall modeling orisinil untuk penopang dan tangki, sedangkan model inti transformator bentuknya disederhanakan menjadi kotak shell untuk memudahkan meshing. Parameter input menggunakan High Required Response Spectrum 0.5g dari IEEE std 693-2005 sedangkan parameter dinamik yang diukur adalah besarnya ragam getar, fenomena resonansi dan tegangan (stress) pelat. Hasil data analisa dinamik dengan menggunakan metoda elemen hingga yaitu transformator mengalami resonansi dengan dek kapal, atau bila terjadi impak di badan kapal akibat goyangan ombak di percepatan di atas 1g maka pelat penahan telah mengalami tegangan di atas kekuatan tariknya (Tensile Strength)
Optimization of Polylactic acid and Banana Peel Flour Composition to Enhance the Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Eco-Friendly Bioplastics
Full text linkThis study investigates the development of environmentally friendly bioplastics made from polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with banana peel flour. Four filler concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% wt) were fabricated using injection molding and evaluated through tensile testing (ASTM D638), FTIR spectroscopy, and soil burial biodegradation. Pure PLA showed the highest tensile strength (26.23 MPa) but had the lowest elongation (6.33%) and biodegradation rate (12.8%). Adding 10-20 wt% filler increased stiffness, with the elastic modulus rising from 21.24 MPa to 38.12-26.63 MPa, while maintaining moderate flexibility. The 30 wt% composite demonstrated the most balanced performance, achieving 67.24 MPa tensile strength, 40.12 MPa modulus, 11.49% elongation, and the highest mass loss (20.2%). FTIR results showed a C=O shift from 1743.44 to 1720.46 cm⁻¹ and broad O–H bands, confirming hydrogen bonding and improved interfacial adhesion. Overall, banana peel flour is a promising sustainable filler for PLA-based bioplastics
Design and Manufacturing of the Steering System in the KMHE Laksamana V 1.0 Prototype Vehicle
No full textThe Energy Efficient Car Contest (Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi or KMHE) is a national competition in Indonesia that challenges university students to develop ultra-efficient prototype vehicles. This study presents the design, simulation, and manufacturing of a custom steering system for the Laksamana V 1.0 single-passenger prototype vehicle developed by Team Laksamana. The steering system was engineered to meet strict requirements for weight, structural reliability, ergonomic fit, and maneuverability under competition conditions. A rack-and-pinion mechanism was selected after comparative evaluation of multiple steering concepts. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were employed to optimize the geometry and assess the mechanical strength of key components, including a tie rod made from SUS 201 stainless steel. The manufactured system weighs 3.74 kg, delivers a steering ratio of 12:1, and requires 2.8 Nm of torque, ensuring both agility and driver comfort. Although the measured turning radius was 6.3 meters—above the original target—it remains functional for KMHE circuits. FEA results confirmed that all structural stresses and deformations were well within safe limits, validating the design’s stiffness and durability. Overall, the developed steering system is reliable, efficient, and suitable for application in energy-efficient vehicle competitions
Development of a Waste Plastic-to-Fuel Conversion System for Sustainable Energy Generation in Urban Nigeria
Full text linkPlastic waste pollution has emerged as a critical environmental and public health concern in Nigeria’s rapidly urbanising regions, where improper disposal and inefficient waste management systems persist. In parallel, the country faces acute energy insecurity, largely driven by erratic diesel supply and rising fossil fuel costs. This study presents the design, optimisation, and techno-environmental evaluation of a decentralised pyrolysis-based conversion system for transforming plastic waste into liquid fuel. Polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polystyrene (PS) were thermally degraded at controlled temperatures between 350°C and 500°C under inert conditions. Experimental trials revealed that oil yield increased with temperature, peaking at 450°C for all polymers. PP demonstrated the highest yield (65.1%) followed by PS (63.0%), HDPE (62.5%), and LDPE (60.4%). Fuel characterisation showed calorific values of up to 42.7 MJ/kg and physicochemical properties within acceptable diesel standards. Emissions analysis using flue gas monitoring confirmed low outputs of CO, NOx, and SO₂, all within Euro VI regulatory limits. Energy efficiency was highest for PP-derived fuel at 71.4%. Techno-economic modelling, based on a 10-year operational horizon, produced a net present value of ₦11.8 million, an internal rate of return of 28.4%, and a break-even fuel price of ₦290/litre. Statistical modelling further validated temperature and polymer type as primary determinants of yield performance. The findings demonstrate that decentralised plastic pyrolysis systems can simultaneously address urban waste accumulation, reduce environmental emissions, and provide affordable alternative fuels, making them suitable for integration into Nigeria’s circular economy and energy access strategies
Experimental Study of Bifacial Solar Panels with Reflective Surface Variations in Bandung, Indonesia
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the performance of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) panels under different reflective surface conditions in a tropical urban environment, specifically in Bandung, Indonesia. Bifacial PV systems offer the advantage of capturing solar radiation from both the front and rear sides, with performance significantly influenced by the surface beneath the panels. The experiment involved three surface types: asphalt, untreated paving blocks, and paving blocks coated with white paint. Each panel was installed at a fixed 8° tilt facing north, and data were collected from 09:00 to 15:00 local time. The results indicate that the white-painted surface produced the highest power output, reaching up to 410 Watts, followed by paving blocks at 390 Watts and asphalt at 370 Watts. Although all surfaces received a similar radiation pattern, their differing reflectivity affected the amount of radiation reaching the rear side of the bifacial panels. The white-painted surface, characterized by high reflectance, not only enhanced rear-side radiation capture but also maintained a more stable power output after peak solar hours. These findings highlight the critical role of surface reflectivity in optimizing bifacial PV performance and support the strategic use of surface materials in PV system deployment, particularly in tropical climates. This study contributes valuable empirical data to the growing field of bifacial PV applications and offers practical insights for improving energy yield in real-world tropical settings
Tensile Strength and Microstructure Analysis of HDPE and PP Plastic Waste-Based Composites with Cassava Pulp Filler: Analisis Kekuatan Tarik dan Mikrostruktur Komposit Berbasis Limbah Plastik HDPE dan PP dengan Filler Ampas Singkong
No full textWaste is unused material from human or industrial activities. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a safe plastic, while Polypropylene (PP) is a recyclable thermoplastic, potential as a matrix in composite particle boards. Specimen testing includes tensile tests and macro-microstructural analysis. The highest tensile strength, 23.642 MPa, was found in 100% HDPE composition. A blend of 60% HDPE, 30% PP, and 10% cassava pulp reached 16.026 MPa. In contrast, the lowest strength, 4.420 MPa, was in 60% PP, 35% HDPE, and 5% cassava pulp. Increasing HDPE boosts material strength due to its strong and flexible mechanical properties, but too much cassava pulp weakens it. Macro analysis showed air cavities in the specimen's center, while micro analysis revealed HDPE and PP did not mix homogeneously, with cassava pulp more mixed in PP
Methods and Characteristics of Quality Control of Composite Materials
Full text linkIn modern industry, the demand for high-quality and reliable composite materials is increasing day by day. Ensuring the required operational properties of these materials directly depends on the methods and characteristics of their quality control. This article provides detailed information on the main and general directions of modernization programs adopted in our country, including the improvement of standard requirements, innovative, convenient, and at the same time high-performance methods of quality control and testing of composite materials. In particular, special attention is paid to the introduction of modern equipment and technologies, as well as the effective use of local raw materials and production capabilities[1,4].
Today, the development and improvement of non-destructive testing methods, precision measurement technologies, and automatic quality control systems for composite materials is becoming increasingly important. The use of ultrasonic, radiographic, thermal, optical, and electromagnetic control methods makes it possible to detect internal defects in materials, evaluate their physical and mechanical properties, and monitor the stability of technological processes. In addition, the introduction of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and modern software complexes ensures the objectivity and accuracy of control results[2,3].
The article also analyzes international experience in ensuring the quality and reliability of composite materials, the role of certification and standardization processes, and the importance of creating regulatory frameworks adapted to the requirements of global markets. As a result, the formation of a comprehensive quality control system covering all stages — from raw material selection to final product testing — is of great importance in increasing the competitiveness of domestic composite materials and expanding their application field
Bidirectional Sensor-Based Measurement of PV Output with MPPT Control: An Experimental Pre-Study before PLC Monitoring Integration
Full text linkThis paper presents a preliminary experimental study on the use of an analog bidirectional current sensorfor photovoltaic (PV) systems operated under Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control. The ultimate goalof this research is to develop a comprehensive monitoring system for energy harvesting from PV systems using aPLC-based platform. As an initial step, this study investigates the behavior of a bidirectional sensor in detectingcharging and discharging processes in an off-grid PV configuration. The sensor is evaluated through experimentalmeasurements of current and voltage outputs, where the bidirectional characteristic provides an indication of thedirection of energy flow—charging when energy is stored in the battery and discharging when energy is supplied tothe load. Data acquisition and visualization are performed using LabVIEW, which allows real-time monitoring andvalidation of sensor performance at specific time intervals. The experimental results provide insights into theaccuracy and reliability of the analog bidirectional sensor under varying operating conditions. The novelty of thisstudy lies in its focus on sensor behavior analysis as a foundation for future PLC-based monitoring systemdevelopment. By validating sensor performance through this pre-study, the research ensures that reliable data canbe obtained for subsequent integration into a real-time monitoring and control system for PV energy harvestingapplication