Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam
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The Sociology of Knowledge in Pesantren: Sanad, Sorogan-Bandongan, and the Making of Intellectual Authority
Full text linkPesantren intellectuals played an important role in the history of Islamic civilization in the archipelago, acting as a place to preserve and develop Islamic science from the first kings in the modern period. This research uses qualitative methods with a sociology of knowledge approach. This approach is combined with a historical-sociological perspective. This combination allows the research not only to describe the practices of knowledge transmission but also to uncover the social structures and epistemological meanings that underpin the legitimacy of ulama and the intellectual networks of Pesantren. This research aims to provide a complete image of four main directions: The intellectual network of Pesantrens, the Intellectual discourse that is built, the mechanism of knowledge dissemination and the network of scholars are formed. First, the intellectual scope of the pesantren is understood as the history of institutions that combine the tradition of the golden book, practice sulfur and local social dynamics, thus creating unique Intellectual habits. Second, the Intellectual discourse of Pesantrens is carried out through research programs based on Nadhir, Syarah and Hasyiah, where the process of Tarjih and Takhrij encourages internal criticism while maintaining the authenticity of the Sanad. Third, the dissemination of knowledge occurs by the personal relationship between the methods of Kyai and Santri, Bandongan, Sorogan and Halaqah, strengthened by the Sanad Diploma; This model results in a structured and sustainable community of researchers. Fourth, the network of pesantren transcends geographical boundaries, formed by the activities of Santri in Islamic research centers in the Middle East and once again distributing new domestic knowledge and methods, creating a transnational network. Adaptive distribution and network models reinforce the role of considering maintaining the continuity of Islamic science and expanding its effects on a global scale
Arbitration and the Emergence of Sectarianism: A Historical Examination of the Transition of Conflict from Politics to Theology
Full text linkThe schism within the Islamic community reached its zenith following the Battle of Ṣiffīn, when the process of Taḥkīm, intended to alleviate the conflict between Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, instead incited theological divisions. This research focuses on how Taḥkīm transformed the dispute from practical politics into doctrinal debate, giving rise to various sectarian movements. This study aims to critically and historically examine the role of Taḥkīm in the emergence of sects such as the Khawārij, Shīʿah, Murjiʾah, and other theological factions. The methodology employed is a literature review, analysing classical documents and contemporary academic literature that discuss the socio-political context, the arbitration process, and the responses of various groups following Taḥkīm. The findings indicate that this arbitration not only resolved military disputes but also served as a catalyst for the formation of a fragmented Islamic intellectual structure. The implications of this study underscore the importance of re-reading the history of internal Islamic conflict in an objective and inclusive manner, enabling the community to learn from past experiences, maintain unity, and avoid the politicisation of religion that could undermine brotherhood
Identity, Cult, and Charisma: The Contestation of Online Da'wah on @halimahalaydrus's Instagram Account
Full text linkThis research aims to explore and analyze how identity, cult, and charisma are formed within the context of da'wah on social media, specifically through the Instagram account @halimahalaydrus. By employing a netnographic approach, the study observes the interactions, content, and community dynamics developed on this social media platform. This method enables researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon of da'wah by analyzing the texts, images, and comments associated with the account. The results reveal that Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus' identity on social media is shaped not only by her characteristics but also by the digital communication strategies she employs. Through consistent content, strong spiritual narratives, and direct engagement with her followers, Ustadzah Halimah successfully builds an image as an assertive and inspiring spiritual leader. The formation of a cult occurs not only through direct teachings but also through the active involvement of her followers on Instagram, which strengthens the bonds within the digital community. Moreover, Ustadzah Halimah's charisma is recognized and reinforced by her followers, aligning with Weber's definition, where charisma stems not only from her personal qualities but also from the acceptance of her followers. Ustadzah Halimah's charisma was not solely derived from herself, but was co-constructed by the community that formed a cult around her. Ismail Fajrie Alatas emphasizes that authority is not merely position or power, but the ability to build temporal relationships, connecting past values with the current context, and creating a community that can internalize these values (Cultivating Community). Da'wah through the Instagram account @halimahalaydrus illustrates how identity, cult, and charisma evolve in the digital age, highlighting significant changes in the construction and maintenance of religious authority.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan menganalisis bagaimana identitas, kultus, dan karisma dibentuk dalam konteks dakwah di media sosial melalui akun Instagram @halimahalaydrus. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan netnografi, penelitian ini mencoba mengamati interaksi, konten, dan dinamika komunitas yang terbangun di platform sosial media tersebut. Metode ini memungkinkan peneliti untuk memahami fenomena dakwah secara mendalam dengan menganalisis teks, gambar, dan komentar yang terkait dengan akun tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identitas Ustadzah Halimah Alaydrus di media sosial terbentuk tidak hanya oleh karakteristik pribadinya, tetapi juga oleh strategi komunikasi digital yang diterapkannya. Melalui konsistensi konten, narasi spiritual yang kuat, dan interaksi langsung dengan pengikutnya, Ustadzah Halimah berhasil membangun citra sebagai pemimpin spiritual yang tegas dan inspiratif. Pembangunan kultus terjadi tidak hanya melalui kajian langsung, tetapi juga melalui keterlibatan aktif pengikutnya di Instagram, yang memperkuat ikatan komunitas digital. Sedangkan karisma Ustadzah Halimah diakui dan diperkuat oleh pengikutnya, sesuai dengan definisi Weber, di mana karisma tidak hanya berasal dari kualitas pribadinya tetapi juga dari penerimaan pengikutnya. Dakwah melalui akun Instagram @halimahalaydrus menunjukkan bagaimana identitas, kultus, dan karisma berkembang di era digital, serta perubahan signifikan dalam pembangunan dan pemeliharaan otoritas keagamaan
Barikan, Nilai-Nilai Islam dan Integrasi Kehidupan Sosial-Keagamaan: Studi Living Quran dan Hadits
No full textBarikan has a religious dimension worthy of exploration. It is a Javanese cultural practice that integrates Islamic values such as gratitude, charity, and brotherhood into social life. This tradition reflects the concepts of the Living Quran and Living Hadith, where the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet’s Sunnah are manifested in collective rituals that strengthen social solidarity and religious identity. Using a qualitative approach based on ethnographic methods, this research was conducted through participatory observation and in-depth interviews in a village in East Java where this tradition is practiced. The findings reveal that the Barikan tradition is a medium for praying for ancestors and an educational platform for Islamic values such as gratitude, cooperation, and generosity. In addition to fostering ukhuwwah Islamiyah (Islamic brotherhood), this tradition also functions as a tool for social unification and a reinforcement of local Islamic identity. By uncovering the religious values embedded in the Barikan tradition, this study highlights the importance of cultural and religious acculturation in maintaining social harmony.Barikan memiliki dimensi religius yang layak untuk dieksplorasi, barikan merupakan sebuah praktik budaya masyarakat Jawa yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam seperti syukur, sedekah, dan ukhuwah ke dalam kehidupan sosial. Tradisi ini mencerminkan konsep living Quran dan living Hadits, di mana ajaran Al-Qur'an dan sunnah Nabi diwujudkan dalam bentuk ritual kolektif yang memperkuat solidaritas sosial dan identitas keagamaan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis metode etnografi, penelitian ini dilakukan melalui observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam di sebuah desa di Jawa Timur yang aktif melaksanakan tradisi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Barikan tidak hanya menjadi sarana untuk mendoakan leluhur, tetapi juga menjadi media pembelajaran nilai-nilai Islam, seperti rasa syukur, gotong royong, dan kedermawanan. Selain mempererat ukhuwah Islamiyah, tradisi ini juga berfungsi sebagai alat pemersatu sosial dan penguat identitas keislaman lokal. Dengan mengungkap nilai-nilai religius yang melekat pada tradisi Barikan, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya akulturasi budaya dan agama dalam menjaga harmoni sosial
Strengthening Religious Moderation through Revitalizing Ma'had al-Jami'ah: A Case Study in the State Islamic Higher Education
Full text linkThis article aims to describe and discuss (1) the phenomenon of religious extremism on the campus and (2) institutional responses of the state Islamic higher education to it in the form of (3) strengthening religious moderation through the revitalization of Ma‘had al-Jami‘ah (Pesantren of University). With a case study research design and the religious moderation concept of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia as a theoretical framework, this study found relatively the same facts about the phenomenon of religious extremism in the three state Islamic universities. Their institutional responses also tend to be similar; they rely on the belief that religious extremism harms the spirit of Islam’s raḥmatan li al-'ālamīn and the movement of extreme religious elements has threatened the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The biggest difference is the way the three campuses foster moderate religiosity of students through the revitalization of Ma‘had al-Jami‘ah. However, the various strengthening strategies they do are relatively in line with the strategy of strengthening religious moderation of the Ministry and therefore have productive values for the national program. These results contribute to enriching the discourse on religious extremism and can also be used as a reference for state Islamic universities in strengthening the early warning system, especially through the revitalization of Ma‘had al-Jami‘ah
Integration of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah for Optimizing Childcare in Long-Distance Situations
Full text linkModern life often requires family members to live apart due to work or educational obligations, presenting challenges for effective parenting. This study examines strategies to optimize child-rearing in the context of physical separation by integrating Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with the principles of Maqāṣid Syarīʿah. Using a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, the study draws on a range of scholarly sources, including journals and books. The findings demonstrate that children’s essential needs—physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization—can still be met through consistent, technology-mediated communication, such as video calls and messaging. The involvement of extended family or caregivers also plays a critical role in supporting children’s daily needs. Maslow’s framework emphasizes structured emotional support, while Maqāṣid Syarīʿah highlights the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Together, these frameworks offer a comprehensive model for distant parenting. The study concludes that effective parenting across distances is achievable through intentional collaboration, the appropriate use of digital tools, and alignment with both psychological and spiritual development goals
Content Monetisation in the Digital Age: A Maqāṣid Sharī'ah Study of Youtube, Tiktok, and Facebook Revenues
Full text linkThe development of digital technology has led to the practice of content monetisation on social media such as YouTube, TikTok, and Facebook, which has become a new source of income for individuals. From the perspective of maqāṣid sharī'ah, according to Abdul Majid al-Najjar, this phenomenon can be considered valid if it is in line with the five main principles, namely protecting religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs), intellect (ḥifẓ al-'aql), offspring (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and property (ḥifẓ al-māl). This research uses a qualitative-descriptive analytical approach by examining the social media accounts of Indonesian digital creators such as Atta Halilintar, Ria Ricis, and Jerome Polin and strengthening the findings with fiqh literature, fatwas of scholars, and digital economy regulations. The analysis shows that content monetisation is sharia-compliant if the content produced does not violate religious teachings (ḥifẓ al-dīn), does not feature violence or exploitation (ḥifẓ al-nafs), encourages education and the use of reason (ḥifẓ al-'aql), maintains norms of decency and family honour (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and obtains halal, transparent, and free from elements of gharar, usury, and maisir (ḥifẓ al-māl). Thus, content monetisation is acceptable within the framework of maqāṣid sharī'ah as long as it meets the established ethical and legal criteria.Perkembangan teknologi digital telah mendorong perubahan signifikan dalam ekonomi global, termasuk munculnya monetisasi konten di platform seperti YouTube, TikTok, dan Facebook. Fenomena ini memungkinkan individu memperoleh penghasilan melalui iklan, sponsor, dan donasi dari audiens. Dalam perspektif Islam, muncul pertanyaan mengenai keabsahan sumber pendapatan ini sesuai dengan prinsip Maqashid Syariah, yang mencakup perlindungan agama (hifz ad-din), jiwa (hifz an-nafs), akal (hifz al-aql), keturunan (hifz an-nasl), dan harta (hifz al-mal). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana monetisasi media sosial sejalan dengan Maqashid Syariah serta batasan yang harus diperhatikan agar tetap dalam koridor hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif analitis, menganalisis berbagai literatur fiqh, fatwa ulama, dan regulasi yang berlaku terkait ekonomi digital. Data dikumpulkan dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, serta kajian hukum Islam mengenai transaksi digital, juga dari pengamatan pada akun media sosial para konten kreator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan dari media sosial dapat dikategorikan halal apabila memenuhi prinsip keadilan, transparansi, dan tidak mengandung unsur gharar (ketidakjelasan), riba (bunga), atau maisir (perjudian). Selain itu, konten yang diproduksi harus bersifat edukatif, bermanfaat, dan tidak bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa monetisasi media sosial dapat menjadi sarana ekonomi yang sah dalam Islam asalkan mengikuti kaidah syariah yang telah di tetapkan
The Contestation of Religious Authority and Living Sunnah: The Conflict Between Ulama of Dayah and Salafis & Wahhabis in West Aceh
Full text linkThis study explores the contestation over religious authority between ulama of dayah and Salafis & Wahhabis in Meulaboh, West Aceh, highlighting the struggle for theological, cultural, and political legitimacy in the Islamic public sphere. Its primary goal is to examine how the living sunnah—the practice of sunnah intertwined with local cultural customs and the rituals of dayah—confronts the strict, text-based definition of as-sunnah promoted by Salafis and Wahhabis. Using qualitative research methods and a sociology of religion framework, this study incorporates Weberian’s authority theory and Bourdieu's habitus concept to analyze the power relations, identities, and social practices involved in the conflict. Findings reveal that this dispute is more than just an ideological or theological issue; it is a struggle for social, symbolic, and political-economic dominance, as seen in cases like Masjid Jabir al-Ka'by and local religious rituals along the west coast of Aceh. This study underscores that the contestation of the sunnah is not merely a religious debate but a social dynamic that shapes who has the authority to define authentic Islam, preserve local identity, and control the religious public sphere
Tracing the Intellectual Legacy of Da’wah and Islamization in Nusantara: A Bibliometric and Historical Study
Full text linkThis study examines the intellectual and historical development of da’wah and Islamization in Nusantara, emphasizing key scholarly contributions, academic trends, and influential periods. By employing advanced bibliometric methods, this research systematically maps the evolution of da’wah, identifying seminal works, leading scholars, and dominant themes that have shaped its discourse. The findings reveal critical shifts in da’wah strategies, the roles of various actors in propagating Islam, and the socio-political dynamics influencing these processes. Furthermore, the study underscores the contemporary relevance of historical scholarship in refining modern da’wah methodologies, ensuring their adaptability and effectiveness. By highlighting how past scholarly contributions have shaped da’wah practices, this research provides a robust academic foundation and a strategic framework for future studies, fostering a deeper understanding of Islam’s intellectual and cultural legacy in Nusantara
Digital Religion and Hybrid Practices: Negotiating Ritual and Authority Within Jama’ah Tabligh in Indonesia
Full text linkThis article examines the transformation and digital adaptation of Jama‘ah Tabligh in the digital era, with a focus on the negotiation and reconfiguration of ritual communication in online spaces. The central issue addressed is the tension between the group’s traditional reliance on khuruj (missionary journeys) and face-to-face interactions, and the adoption of digital platforms that redefine authority and identity. This study employs a qualitative approach by analysing digital proselytizing content, observing practices on platforms such as YouTube, WhatsApp, and Instagram, conducting a critical review of relevant secondary literature, and carrying out in-depth interviews with selected members of Jama‘ah Tabligh. Indonesia is taken as the primary context of analysis while incorporating transnational dimensions to situate local practices within global networks. The findings indicate that digitalization has fostered more personal, visual, and participatory forms of religious expression, while simultaneously contributing to identity fragmentation and a redistribution of authority from seniority-based hierarchy to algorithmic visibility. Ritual communication, which was previously centered in markaz and physical khuruj, has expanded to include digital sermons, podcasts, and visual quotations, generating hybrid forms of piety that combine the values of Jama‘ah Tabligh with the logic of social media. This shift not only demonstrates resilience and adaptation but also raises epistemological challenges, including the risks of oversimplification, exclusion, and debates over authenticity. The article concludes that digitalization is not merely a means of disseminating proselytizing content but also reconstructs the structures of piety, authority, and collective identity in contemporary Islam in Indonesia. The implications extend to debates on digital religion and the sociology of transnational Islam, highlighting how non-political movements such as Jama‘ah Tabligh recalibrate their spiritual mission within the global network society