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Policy (In)Coherence in Early Childhood Development - Insights from Indonesia
No full textArtikel ini menganalisis isu koherensi kebijakan dalam pengembangan anak usia dini (PAUD) dengan mengambil kasus di Indonesia. Analisis difokuskan pada implikasi isu koherensi kebijakan pada capaian program PAUD dan bagaimana isu koherensi kebijakan ini mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk meminimalisasi inkoherensi kebijakan. Dalam hal ini, program PAUD dilihat sebagai bagian integral dalam upaya pembangunan sumber daya manusia (SDM) guna mendukung pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Dengan meneggunakan teknik analisis naratif data kualitatif yang dihasilkan dari wawancara pejabat tinggi pemerintah pusat, staf ahli lembaga internasional, dan Koalisis PAUD Nasional, studi ini menemukan bahwa inkoherensi kebijakan telah terjadi dalam program PAUD dan menghambat pencapaian kinerja program yang tinggi. Pemerintah merespons isu inkoherensi ini dengan beberapa mekanisme yang berusaha menumbuhkan koordinasi lintas sektoral. Temuan ini menggambarkan bahwa isu impelementasi kebijakan, terutama dalam aspek koordinasi dan harmonisasi realisasi program masih menjadi masalah serius dalam program PAUD atau dalam sekala makro, kebijakan pengembangan SDM. Berabagai pendekatan dalam PAUD dan SDM juga telah diterapkan namun kasus realisasi program di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan-pendekatan ini kurang berjalan karena isu inkoherensi kebijakan. Ini merefleksikan bahwa mempertimbangkan atau mengintegrasigrasikan konsep koherensi kebijakan dalam pendekatan tersebut sangat penting
Food and the Concept of Salvation: Questioning Javanese Ethics in Environmental Issues
Get PDFMost studies refer to food as a symbol of salvation in Javanese beliefs. However, only some of these studies linked the interpretation of Javanese beliefs about the concept of salvation with values of environmental ethics. This research aims to uncover other interpretations of Javanese life ethics about environmental issues embedded in cultural rituals’ food symbols. The objects of this research are two traditions in Javanese society. First, Takir Plontang, ritual which is held by people of Junjung Village, Tulungagung Regency. Second, GrebegPancasila in Blitar City. The Javanese community organizes Takir Plontang Ritual at the beginning of the new year, Suro, by eating together at the village crossroads. As for Grebeg Pancasila, it is an annual activity of Blitar City to celebrate the birth of Pancasila every June 1 and this activity has five gunungan kirab festival as an expression of gratitude for the crops. The research used participant observation and interview methods to collect data. Unlike other Javanese ritual studies focusing on spiritual values in Javanese ceremonies which emphasize social cohesion, this study wishes to connect how far the concept of salvation symbolized through food in Javanese celebration ceremonies is linked to environmental ethics by balancing human and non-human relationships. The results showed that, in general, Javanese people connect Takir Plontang ritual as a gathering to pray for the salvation of their families and descendants. They believe that this ritual is a means to connect them with their ancestors and strengthen human inner power as a source of life balance. The imbalance between human inner power and the environment will cause disasters. As for the other ritual, people believe in seeking blessings from the crops in the five gunungan which have been prayed for in Bung Karno’s grave, has power beyond the world. People enthusiastically compete for part of the five gunungan as a form of gratitude for crops, respect, and blessings from God. Food symbolizes balance and salvation in rituals and festivals, highlighting nature as part of their lives and contributing to human welfare. However, nature is not valued as a subject/agency as the subject of ethics but as a medium and consequence in the relationship between people and their ancestors and spirits
Bibliometric Analysis of Demographic Research Related to Fertility Using VOSviewer
Get PDFFertility is a critical aspect of demographic and health studies, directly influencing population growth and public health. This study employs a bibliometric approach to analyze fertility research from 2000 to 2020, utilizing VOSviewer software to visualize the relationships between key topics in the field. Through an extensive analysis of scientific literature from the Scopus database, the study identifies key research themes, such as low fertility, health surveys, reproductive technology, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings reveal that health surveys have consistently been a central focus in fertility research, providing essential data on fertility trends and their implications. Additionally, the emergence of reproductive technologies, such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), has been instrumental in addressing infertility, thus influencing fertility decisions globally. The study also highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted fertility behaviours, with many couples delaying childbearing due to economic and health uncertainties. The interconnectedness of topics like parenthood, fertility intentions, and socio-economic factors underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to fertility research. This analysis offers valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in developing strategies to address future demographic challenges and fertility-related issues.
The Role of Digital Leadership in Improving the Quality of Electronic Services: Case Study of the Land Office in Surakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFThis study analyzes the process of electronic services at the Surakarta City Land Office and the role of digital leadership in improving service quality. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with data obtained through in-depth interviews with 18 informants, observations, and document studies. Data triangulation is carried out to ensure the validity of the information. The results of the study show that electronic services, such as electronic mortgage (HT-El), elimination of Mortgage Rights/electronic roya (Roya-El), and electronic land registration certificate (SKPT-El) increase efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in the management of land services. Digitization is carried out gradually through the conversion of physical documents into electronic documents with encryption technology for data security. The electronic dashboard integrated with the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) allows for direct supervision, increasing accountability and accelerating services. The success of digitalization depends heavily on visionary digital leadership. The Head of Office not only acts as a decision-maker, but also as a driver of change, motivates employees, and builds external collaboration. This leadership creates a strong digital culture, strengthens relationships with stakeholders, and encourages a change in digital mindset. Innovations such as electronic certificates, Certificate Printing Platform, and the “Sentuh Tanahku” application improve the quality of electronic-based services, especially in the E-S-Qual and E-Recs-Qual dimensions, providing an efficient, transparent, and responsive experience for users
Mobile Phones, Social Capital, and Internal Migration in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study investigates internal migration in Indonesia using logistic regression to analyze the impact of nine independent variables: social participation, social capital, risk-taking attitudes, age, marital status, gender, education level, mobile phone ownership, and internet access. The data were derived from the 5th Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), which included 16,204 households and 50,418 individuals across 13 provinces. Respondents comprised of households’ head, their partners, and family members aged 15 years and older. The findings indicate that education level, internet access, marital status, and social capital significantly influence internal migration. Specifically, the contributions of these variables to explaining internal migration were 58.36% (OR: 1.401) for education level, 58.17% (OR: 1.398) for internet access, 51.63 % (OR: 1.068) for social capital, and 49.7% (OR: 0,987) for marital status, cumulatively explaining 1,55% of the variance in migration outcomes, with a Chi-square (X2) of 153,16 and p < 0.000. Based on these results, it is recommended that the government develop new economic growth centers, enhance social capital at the community level, and improve the information and communication technology infrastructure nationwide to optimize the benefits of internal migration for societal welfare
Psychological Resilience of Migrant Workers in Thailand: Between Challenges and Adaptation in the Destination Country
Get PDFPsychological resilience is an important factor in determining the mental well-being of migrant workers. Migrant workers are people who migrate or have migrated from one country to another who will be employed by anyone other than themselves. This study aims to determine the factors which influence the psychological resilience of migrant workers in Thailand, and how they adapt to challenges in the new environment. This study is a qualitative study. The subjects in the study were three migrant workers in Thailand. Data collection methods used were interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis used was data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the factors influencing the psychological resilience of migrant workers in Thailand can be grouped into two, specifically internal factors and external factors. These internal factors are spirituality, self-efficacy, optimism, self-esteem, hope, and hardiness. External factors are social and family support. Meanwhile, the description of the adaptation of migrant workers in Thailand to the challenges in the new environment can be grouped into three strategies: social adaptation, economic adaptation and cultural adaptation
Fertility Decline in Malawi: A Decomposition Analysis
Get PDFFertility in Malawi has been declining since the late 1980s. Total Fertility Rate is reported to have declined by 1.1 children per woman from 5.7 in 2010 to 4.6 in 2015. This reduction indicates a continuing rapid decline in fertility in the country. In view of the foregoing, this study aims to examine the influence of the age structure of the population, nuptiality, and marital fertility on fertility in Malawi. This study used the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data from 1992, 2000, 2004, 2010, and 2015–2016. Standardization and decomposition methods were used to re-examine fertility trends in Malawi. The results confirms that fertility is declining in Malawi and the fall is clustered among women younger than 30 years of age. The contribution of marital fertility to the decline of Total Fertility Rate was 65.0% during the period 1992–2000, 89.5% during 2000–2004, 2.6% during 2004–2010, and 4.3% during 2010–2015, respectively. Over the same period, the respective contribution of the proportion married was 29.4%, 10.8%, 77.9%, and 92.6%. These percentages suggest that marital fertility followed by proportion of married were important factors before 2005. After 2005, fertility levels and patterns in Malawi are largely influenced by nuptiality. However, there is need for further studies to explain the marriage and fertility nexus in the Malawian context
The Child Marriage Trends in 3T Regions of Sumatra: The Impact of Law No. 16/2019 and the Covid-19 Pandemic on Poor Communities
Get PDFThe study "Identification of Changes in Marriage Trends Age < 19 years Post the Law No. 16/ 2019 and in Covid Age 19 in Rural and Urban Poor, in 3T (Outer, Remote, and Frontier) Region of Sumatra Island" was carried out by PERMAMPU (Perempuan Sumatra Mampu) in 26 villages distributed over 26 districts, in 8 provinces on the island of Sumatra, using the FPAR (Feminist Participatory Action Research) method. This study is undermined by PERMAMPU's concerns about the increasing data and practice of child marriage and early marriage <19 years especially in the countryside, although the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974, which previously allowed 16 years of marriage for women and 19 years for men, has been reduced to a minimum age of 19 years in women and men through the Law No.1 of 2019. The FPAR method focuses on the life stories of women and related stakeholders. The information and data obtained from 1,147 sources (986 women & 161 men) resulted in 32 case studies. In addition to qualitative data, also obtained quantitative data that showed an increasing trend in child-age marriage practices. This is typically caused by, among other things, a lack of understanding of Law No. 16 of 2019 and a low level of education about sexual and reproductive health rights, which led to unwanted pregnancies, school dropouts, and poverty
Family Planning Practices, Knowledge, Decision Making, and Factors Associated with Unplanned Pregnancies among Women Working in A Selected Garment Industry in Urban Bengaluru, India
Get PDFBackground: According to UN population estimates, India has surpassed China as the world’s most populated nation, marking the biggest upheaval in global demography since records have been kept. Providing universal family planning services is an important strategy to reduce maternal morbidity and to control population growth. Even though the country has multiple programs addressing family planning issues, they are missing out on working women. Thus, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of unmet needs of family planning and determinants for improper access to family planning methods among women working in a selected Garment industry in Urban Bengaluru. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected garment factory for a period of two months. Women workers in Reproductive age group (18-49 years) and who gave voluntary consent to participate in the study were taken up. Total sample of 454 women were included. The data was collected using a semi-structured and validated questionnaire. Collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analysed using SPSS version 16. Results: Among 454 participants, 42.3% (n=192) of them had used contraceptive method. Out of 192 women, most of them (72.9%, n=140) had chosen tubectomy as the contraceptive measure. Among 407 women, 14.3% (n=58), 13.3% (n=42), and 20.9% (n=9) of them had not planned for their 1st pregnancy, 2nd pregnancy, and 3rd pregnancy respectively. Conclusion: Less than half of them had used any form of contraceptive method. Among that half, nearly three-fourths had chosen tubectomy