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Considérations clés : Soins à domicile pour la mpox en Afrique Centrale et Afrique de l’Est
No full textEn septembre 2023, une épidémie de mpox causée par le virus de la variole du singe (MPXV) du clade Ib a été signalée à Kamituga, une région minière de l'est de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC). D'autres cas de mpox ont commencé à être signalés dans tout le pays et dans les pays voisins de l'est, notamment le Rwanda, l'Ouganda, le Kenya et le Burundi.1 En février 2025, les Centres africains de contrôle et de prévention des maladies et le directeur général de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) ont déterminé que la recrudescence actuelle de la mpox continuait à constituer une urgence de santé publique de portée internationale (telle que déclarée pour la première fois en août 2024).</p
Will Nationalism, Illiberalism, and Climate Change Lead to Water Wars?
No full textIn April 2025, India unilaterally declared that the Indus Water Treaty was “in abeyance,” an ambiguous term neither found in the treaty’s text nor recognized in international law. India cited national security concerns to justify its decision to suspend the treaty in the wake of a deadly terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Kashmir, that killed 26 tourists, which India blamed on cross-border militants. The attack was followed by a four-day armed conflict between the two countries.For more than 60 years, the treaty between India and Pakistan has stood as one of the few enduring triumphs of postcolonial diplomacy, surviving wars, diplomatic breakdowns, and transborder skirmishes. With the help of the World Bank, the treaty was signed by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani President Mohammad Ayub Khan in Karachi in September 1960, carving out a delicate but lasting compromise. India would control the three eastern rivers of the Indus River Basin (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej), whereas Pakistan would rely on the three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab).This decision to declare the treaty in abeyance should be considered in line with broader shifts in India’s foreign policy under Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi with respect to regional security. In 2019, India revoked Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which granted autonomy to Kashmir. India is also considering revising the Ganges Water Treaty with Bangladesh, set to expire in 2026, to better align with its current developmental needs.The suspension of the Indus treaty and the broader regional dynamics raise urgent questions about water security and its role in the new “illiberal order.” How is the rise of illiberalism and nationalism affecting water security? And how is the impact of climate change on water security changing the ways in which governments across the world are thinking about transboundary water relations?</p
Expert Perceptions on Regenerative Agriculture in Senegal
No full textThis set of scorecards presents a comparative assessment of the Research and Development (R&D) ecosystems for Regenerative Agriculture (RA) and Human Vaccines across Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. Developed under the West African Research & Development Ecosystem Scorecard Project funded by the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), the scorecards provide a concise, evidence based overview of the strengths, constraints, and enabling conditions that shape R&D performance in each country.The scorecards draw on data from an Expert Perception Survey (EPS), which gathered structured insights from key experts and stakeholders across the three national ecosystems. Responses were analysed across five core domains—Policies & Regulations, Infrastructure, Processes & Management, Stakeholders & Networks, and Research Culture—to generate colour coded scorecards that enable intuitive interpretation and cross country comparison.The project aimed to develop a rigorous analytical framework, innovative scorecard methodology, and empirical assessment to support national and regional policy actors, research institutions, and donors in strengthening the enabling environment for R&D. It was led by Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana. Research teams in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and the UK collaborated through an equitable partnership and integrated knowledge translation approach throughout the project cycle.These scorecards are intended to inform policy advocacy, stimulate dialogue among national stakeholders, and contribute to ongoing efforts to improve the functioning, coordination, and impact of R&D ecosystems in West Africa.</p
Perceptions des experts sur l’agroécologie au Sénégal
No full textCet ensemble de tableaux de bord présente une évaluation comparative des écosystèmes de recherche et développement (R&D) pour l'agriculture régénérative (RA) et les vaccins humains au Ghana, au Nigeria et au Sénégal. Élaborées dans le cadre du projet « West African Research & Development Ecosystem Scorecard » financé par le Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO), ces fiches offrent un aperçu concis et factuel des atouts, des contraintes et des conditions favorables qui déterminent les performances en matière de R&D dans chaque pays.Les fiches d'évaluation s'appuient sur les données d'une enquête de perception des experts (EPS), qui a recueilli des informations structurées auprès d'experts et de parties prenantes clés des trois écosystèmes nationaux. Les réponses ont été analysées dans cinq domaines clés (politiques et réglementations, infrastructures, processus et gestion, parties prenantes et réseaux, et culture de la recherche) afin de générer des fiches d'évaluation codées par couleur qui permettent une interprétation intuitive et une comparaison entre les pays.Le projet visait à développer un cadre analytique rigoureux, une méthodologie innovante de tableau de bord et une évaluation empirique afin d'aider les acteurs politiques nationaux et régionaux, les instituts de recherche et les bailleurs de fonds à renforcer l'environnement propice à la R&D. Il était dirigé par l'Université Kwame Nkrumah des sciences et technologies (KNUST) au Ghana. Des équipes de recherche au Ghana, au Nigeria, au Sénégal et au Royaume-Uni ont collaboré dans le cadre d'un partenariat équitable et d'une approche intégrée de transfert des connaissances tout au long du cycle du projet.Ces tableaux de bord ont pour but d'éclairer le plaidoyer politique, de stimuler le dialogue entre les parties prenantes nationales et de contribuer aux efforts en cours pour améliorer le fonctionnement, la coordination et l'impact des écosystèmes de R&D en Afrique de l'Ouest.</p
Social Protection Financing in Somalia
No full textThis case study is part of a series on the financing of social protection in countries experiencing protracted crises. It is based on analysis of international datasets, interviews with experts, and a review of existing literature. It focuses on the financing of social protection in Somalia to build a body of research digging into financing mechanisms for social protection in some of the world’s most fragile and complex contexts.</p
A review of the social and behavioural science research landscape for mpox in African settings
No full textDespite mpox no longer being a global public health emergency as of September 2025, it remained an African Public Health Emergency of Continental Security until 22 January 2026. As the Africa CDC notes, this does not mark the end of mpox in Africa. As of January 2026, a critical gap remains in social and behavioural science (SBS) research on mpox. Expanding the social science research evidence base will be important to future mpox response and public health emergency response more widely.This report maps and synthesises SBS studies on mpox in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 until December 2025. Our team conducted a comprehensive scoping exercise using multiple approaches: online database searches, consultation with research networks, funder repository searches, and direct outreach to institutions and researchers across Africa. An online deliberative dialogue in November 2025 brought together researchers to discuss emergent findings and identify gaps in SBS evidence. Our team also built on evidence shared in the mpox symposium held in Kinshasa in November 2025. This iterative approach allowed the review to remain responsive to both published and emerging evidence in a rapidly evolving research environment.</p
Social Protection Financing in Yemen
No full textThis case study is part of a series on the financing of social protection in countries experiencing protracted crises. It is based on analysis of international datasets, interviews with experts, and a review of existing literature. It focuses on the financing of social protection in Yemen, to build a body of research digging into financing mechanisms for social protection in some of the world’s most fragile and complex contexts.</p
Health Systems Capacities for Climate Services for Health: Evidence Landscape
No full textClimate change is increasingly shaping health risks and constraints on the health system. Effects of climate change on the health system are either direct, such as increased risk of transmission of deadly infectious diseases (e.g., dengue, malaria, and vector-borne diseases), or indirect, such as reduced labour productivity and increased food insecurity.</p
Zakat as Non-State Social Welfare Provision: Distributional Dynamics and Gender Equity in Pakistan
No full textZakat, an annual mandatory payment on productive wealth and one of the five pillars of Islam, represents the largest non-state welfare system in the world. Despite its significance as a redistributive mechanism, little is known about its actual distributional impacts. The decentralised nature of zakat distribution in many contexts raises critical questions about whether it overcomes or reinforces social and economic exclusions. This paper examines the distributional dynamics of zakat in Pakistan, which provides a useful case for understanding non-state welfare provision in a Muslim-majority country with predominately decentralised, individualised zakat distribution. Drawing on a novel nationally representative survey of 7,500 Sunni Muslims and employing conjoint survey experiments, supplemented by qualitative data and data from over 118,000 recipients of the Punjab state zakat fund, we assess patterns of zakat distribution based on gender and ethnicity. Three main findings emerge. First, zakat is widespread and makes up a substantial part of social assistance in Pakistan, surpassing the scale of Pakistan’s largest state-run social protection programme. Second, despite being marginalised in Pakistan and less visible in public spaces, women make up an overwhelming majority of zakat recipients, suggesting that zakat payers are reacting to real inequalities and needs. Third, there is no conclusive evidence of systematic ethnic bias in decentralised zakat distribution. These findings highlight the need to understand zakat as a major redistributive institution and underscore its implications for state-based social welfare provision, development actors, and equity across Muslim-majority countries. They also demonstrate the significance of non-state social welfare for redistribution, suggesting the need for greater research on similar practices in other contexts.</p
K4DD Health Evidence and Discourse Summary January 2026
No full textK4DD’s monthly Health Evidence and Discourse Summaries aim to signpost FCDO and others to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on global health. This summary is structured in the following way:Top Reads Links to articles under the headings Health System Strengthening, Health Promotion and Prevention, Health Equity and Rights and Multisectoral Working</p