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Variability of Avena fatua L. seed morphology and germination temperatures Acomparison between Slovenia, Italy, Hungary and Croatia
No full textConsidering the high morphological and ecological diversity of wild oat (Avena fatua L.),
the objective of this study was to examine the variability of spikelets and seeds from
Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary and Italy. Intraspecific variation in spikelet and seed
morphology and germination temperature was assessed for eight populations, collected
across these four countries in the summer of 2015. Eight morphological features were
analyzed in 30 samples per each population. The variations of the selected
morphological traits were assessed using Statistica 7.0 software. Variation in
morphological parameters was detected between the two Slovenian populations.
Additionally, significant differences were observed in morphological paramteres between
the two Slovenian and other tested populations (Croatian CR1 and CR2, Hungarian H1
and H2, and Italian IT1 and IT2). Seed and awn mass were greatest in population SL2,
whereas awn length, spikelet length, and spikelet width were greatest in population SL1.
The tested Slovenian populations differed in color compared to other populations, while
awn hairiness did not differ between the tested populations. When considering their
germination behaviour, the Slovenian populations did not emerge at 5 °C and 10 °C,
whereas the other tested populations emerged at 10 °C. A temperature of 35 °C affected
germination energy but did not reduce it below 50%. The best germination percentage
was observed in the Hungarian populations. Finally, despite the observed differences in
morphology and germination behaviour, all the tested populations were grouped in the
same cluster, based on the analyzed parameters
Key aspects of instrumental colour for composite buckwheat emulsion-type chicken sausages
No full textBuckwheat is one of the traditionally high-quality crops recognized for its high nutritional and functional value. Emulsion-type chicken sausages modified by adding time-different stored buckwheat flours (FB0, FB3, FB6, and FB9) were analyzed for instrumental colour parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, h, S, ΔE). One-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05), followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test (p < 0.05) were used to analyze the data. Added flour slightly affects L*, and significantly a* and b*, where FB0 was lighter, redder and yellower than the other composite products. A significant decrease in C* and increase in h values caused lower chromatic purity and a more yellow nuance in FB9 (20.65, 45.40). A decrease in S resulted in the greatest attenuation in overall colour perception at FB6, and FB9. An increase trend of ΔE indicating the differentiation of sausages with respect to effect on total colour (ΔE ≤ 5.10). The results indicate the potential utilization of long-term stored buckwheat grains (flour) as a functional ingredient and valuable plant-based raw material in the production of composite, technologically justified meat products with sensory acceptable colours for consumers
Genome sequences of distinct genotypes of bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Serbia
No full textThis Technical Resource presents genome sequence data for three strains of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (Xeu) collected in Serbia. We isolated these strains from pepper crops showing bacterial spot symptoms in 2016 at the municipality of Irig, in the Srem district. The presented data comprise raw sequencing reads and annotated, contig-level genome assemblies. We checked for the presence of sequences of known type-3 secretion system (T3SS) effector genes and plasmid-like sequences. Phylogenomic reconstruction revealed that the three strains fell in the same clade within Xeu. Strain X13 is most closely related to strain 66b, collected in Bulgaria in 2012. Strains X22 and X31 are most closely related to Tu-10 collected in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye in 2020. In common with other members of the clade, all three strains share a 75 kb plasmid that carries T3SS effector genes avrBs3, xopBA, xopAQ and xopE. Additionally, strain X13 shares extensive sequence similarity to the pXCV183 plasmid, including T3SS effector gene xopAX, and shares extensive sequence similarity with plasmid pXap41, including T3SS effector gene xopE3.
This difference in plasmid content might contribute to the observed difference in virulence among the Serbian Xeu strains.
The three Serbian strains lack a 31 kb plasmid, pLMG730.4, that is seen in several Vietnamese and Canadian strains within this clade of Xeu. The data presented will be a useful resource for future molecular epidemiology and genomic surveillance of this pathogen in the Balkan region, augmenting the previously available draft genome sequences of Xeu strains 66b (Bulgaria) and 83M (North Macedonia)
Modulation der Fettsäuren und Fleischqualität bei Simmental Bullen, gefüttert mit gemahlenem Leinsamen in unterschiedlichen Mengen und Zeitdauer
No full textConsumer interest in functional foods has encouraged research efforts aimed at improving the nutritional quality of meat. In this study, the effect of linseed supplementation and supplementation duration on the fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, and sensory characteristics of meat from Simmental young bulls was evaluated. Thirty animals were allocated to a control group (CG) and two experimental groups receiving different amounts of linseed in the diet (EG1, 0.3 kg/day; EG2, 0.7 kg/day). Supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio in both experimental groups, with EG1 showing significantly (p < 0.05) more favorable changes in nutritional indices (AI, TI, h/H). Linseed addition resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) higher iodine value in EG1 and significantly (p < 0.05) increased fat oxidation in EG2, while the sensory properties of fresh and cooked meat were not significantly affected. The findings suggest that moderate linseed inclusion can enhance the fatty acid profile of beef while preserving its sensory attributes, supporting its role as a sustainable feeding strategy.Das Interesse der Verbraucher an funktionellen Lebensmitteln hat die Forschungsbemü-
hungen zur Verbesserung der ernährungsphysiologischen Qualität von Fleisch gefördert.
In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss der Leinzusatzfütterung und der Dauer der Supplementierung auf die Fettsäurezusammensetzung, die oxidative Stabilität und die sensorischen Eigenschaften von Fleisch junger Simmental Bullen untersucht. Dreißig Bullen wurden einer Kontrollgruppe (CG) und zwei Versuchsgruppen zugeteilt, die unterschiedliche Mengen Lein in der Fütterung erhielten (EG1, 0,3 kg/Tag; EG2, 0,7 kg/Tag). Die Supplementierung führte in beiden Versuchsgruppen zum signifikanten Anstieg (p < 0,05) der Gehalte an n-3 mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren und zu einer Verringerung des n-6/1n-3-Verhältnisses, wobei EG1 signifikant günstigere Veränderungen der Nährwertindizes (AI, TI, h/H) zeigte (p < 0,05). Die Zugabe von Lein führte in EG1 zu einem significant höheren Jodgehalt (p < 0,05) und in EG2 zu einer signifikant erhöhten Lipidoxidation (p < 0,05), während die sensorischen Eigenschaften von frischem und gekochtem Fleischnicht signifikant beeinflusst wurden. Die Ergebnisse zaeigen, dass eine moderate Leinfütterung das Fettsäureprofil von Rindfleisch verbessern kann, ohne dessen sensorische Eigenschaften zu beeinträchtigen, und unterstützen somit ihre Rolle als nachhaltige Fütterungsstrategie
Non-herbicidal agents as a possible alternative in weed control
No full textWe investigated the effectiveness of non-herbicidal agents to control weeds in sugar beets. Experiments were performed under field and laboratory conditions. We monitored the level of effect of 50, 70 and 100% solutions of vinegar, and alcohol, also 50, 70 and 1000C hot water, and an open flame. The sensitivity/efficiency under laboratory conditions was tested by analyzing the changes in the chlorophyll content of weeds (Abutilon teophrasti, Chenopodium album) and sugar beet plants. The obtained results indicate that any method of weed control in sugar beet is acceptable, especially when aiming to reduce the use of herbicides. Application of flame (with shields) was shown to be the safest alternative weed control measure. Weeds and sugar beet plants are sensitive to treatments with alcohol, vinegar, flame and hot water as measured by chlorophyll content
Selectivity and efficacy of fluorchloridone with other herbicides in weed control in processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
No full textFor weed control in processing tomato new herbicides need to be registered. Flurochloridone with metobromuron/dimethenamid-P was applied before and after transplanting to assess its efficacy and crop injury. All treatments provided good (75-90%) to excellent (>90%) efficacy in weed control. Also, all four treatments caused crop injury, whereby treatment with metobromuron caused higher damage. Further research must be conducted whith different herbicides and rates, to keep excellent efficacy but reduce crop injury
Chemical composition as an indicator of the calorific value of plant biomass
No full textThe aim of this study was to predict the calorific value of plant biomass based on its chemical composition. Lignin and ash contents, as well as elemental composition (C, H, N, O), were analyzed in biomass derived from tobacco, maize, and sunflower stalks. Using the obtained parameters, empirical equations were applied to estimate the calorific (heating) value of the biomass. The use of chemical indicators enables a rapid and reliable assessment of biomass energy potential without the need for direct calorimetric measurements. The results indicate that lignin and ash contents have a significant influence on calorific value, while elemental composition allows for more precise quantification. The obtained data provides a basis for optimizing the utilization of plant biomass in biofuel production and thermal energy generation, thereby contributing to the sustainable use of renewable energy sources
OSETLJIVOST Stemphylium vesicarum (Wallr.) E. G. Simmons PROUZROKOVAČA SMEĐE PEGAVOSTI KRUŠKE PREMA FUNGICIDIMA
No full textColletotrichum Species Associated with Alfalfa Anthracnose: An Overview and Historical Perspective
No full textAlfalfa anthracnose is an economically significant disease that leads to substantial biomass losses due to stem rot, reduced stand longevity, and a decline in forage nutritional quality.
The disease is caused by multiple species within the genus Colletotrichum, including the 14 described species: C. gloeosporioides, C. truncatum, C. lindemuthianum, C. destructivum, C. dematium, C. trifolii, C. medicaginis, C. graminicola, C. coccodes, C. sojae, C. spinaciae, C. lini, C. americae-borealis, and C. tofieldiae. A thorough understanding of key aspects of the pathogen’s biology, along with its epidemiology, infection cycle, and accurate disease diagnosis, is essential for the development of sustainable management strategies. Knowledge of these factors allows us to anticipate disease outbreaks, implement timely interventions, and design integrated control measures that reduce reliance on chemical fungicides while maintaining crop productivity and forage quality. Although anthracnose management has traditionally relied on synthetic fungicides, this review synthesizes alternative control strategies to clarify the current state of knowledge and to provide new insights into the development of effective and sustainable approaches for managing Colletotrichum species
Host-associated differentiation in the plum rust mite Aculus fockeui (Acari: Eriophyoidea) revealed through molecular and morphometric analyses
No full textAculus fockeui (Nalepa and Trouessart) is among the most economically significant pest
mite species within the superfamily Eriophyoidea. In traditional taxonomy, A. fockeui
was considered a single, oligophagous species, initially described on European plum and
later reported on around 17 plant species within the genus Prunus. Cryptic speciation is
common on eriophyoid mites with a small, morphologically simplified body. Given the
limitations of conventional taxonomic methods in resolving cryptic species, integrating
morphometric and molecular data is essential for accurate differentiation. Fifteen populations of A. fockeui collected from five different host plant species were analyzed using
morphometrics in combination with the nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial COI
gene and the nuclear D2 region of the 28S rDNA. The results of both morphometry and
molecular analyses were consistent and supported the hypothesis that the A. fockeui complex comprises multiple cryptic lineages. The substantial divergence in mtCOI sequences,
compared to the considerably lower variability in the nuclear 28S D2 region, indicates a
relatively recent evolutionary divergence among these lineages. The results obtained in
this study support the hypothesis that A. fockeui represents a complex of cryptic species