Institute for Animal Husbandry
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Fatty acid modulation and meat quality in Simmental bulls fed ground linseed at varying levels and durations
No full textConsumer interest in functional foods has encouraged research efforts aimed at improving
the nutritional quality of meat. In this study, the effect of linseed supplementation and
supplementation duration on the fatty acid composition, oxidative stability, and sensory
characteristics of meat from Simmental young bulls was evaluated. Thirty animals were
allocated to a control group (CG) and two experimental groups receiving different amounts
of linseed in the diet (EG1, 0.3 kg/day; EG2, 0.7 kg/day). Supplementation significantly
(p < 0.05) increased the content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the
n-6/n-3 ratio in both experimental groups, with EG1 showing significantly (p < 0.05)
more favorable changes in nutritional indices (AI, TI, h/H). Linseed addition resulted in a
significantly (p < 0.05) higher iodine value in EG1 and significantly (p < 0.05) increased
fat oxidation in EG2, while the sensory properties of fresh and cooked meat were not significantly
affected. The findings suggest that moderate linseed inclusion can enhance the
fatty acid profile of beef while preserving its sensory attributes, supporting its role as a
sustainable feeding strategy
Key aspects of instrumental colour for composite buckwheat emulsion-type chicken sausages
No full textBuckwheat is one of the traditionally high-quality crops recognized for its high nutritional
and functional value. Emulsion-type chicken sausages modified by adding time-different stored
buckwheat flours (FB0, FB3, FB6, and FB9) were analyzed for instrumental colour parameters (L*,
a*, b*, C*, h, S, ΔE). One-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05), followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test (p <
0.05) were used to analyze the data. Added flour slightly affects L*, and significantly a* and b*, where
FB0 was lighter, redder and yellower than the other composite products. A significant decrease in C*
and increase in h values caused lower chromatic purity and a more yellow nuance in FB9 (20.65,
45.40). A decrease in S resulted in the greatest attenuation in overall colour perception at FB6, and
FB9. An increase trend of ΔE indicating the differentiation of sausages with respect to effect on total
colour (ΔE ≤ 5.10). The results indicate the potential utilization of long-term stored buckwheat grains
(flour) as a functional ingredient and valuable plant-based raw material in the production of composite,
technologically justified meat products with sensory acceptable colours for consumers
Organizacioni model i procedura za ocenu kvaliteta dobrobiti mlečnih krava na farmama – protokol
No full textTehničko rešenje predstavlja prvi nacionalno prilagođeni protokol za praktičnu i pouzdanu ocenu dobrobiti mlečnih krava u Srbiji. Njegova primena otklanja hronični nedostatak u oblasti ocene i monitoringa dobrobiti na farmama, čime se obezbeđuje važan preduslov za unapređenje, održivost i konkurentnost domaćeg mlekarskog sektora.
Inovativnost rešenja ogleda se u integraciji naučno validiranih indikatora iz međunarodno priznatih protokola sa novim i modifikovanim indikatorima, razvijenim i testiranim u eksperimentalnim uslovima. Time je, po uzoru na druge evropske zemlje, kroz višegodišnja istraživanja oblikovan protokol za ocenu kvaliteta dobrobiti koji je prilagođen specifičnostima domaće proizvodnje, ali istovremeno uporediv i kompatibilan sa međunarodnim okvirima poput WQ®. Posebnu vrednost predstavlja činjenica da se protokol zasniva na jedinstvenom setu indikatora i specifičnom modelu i proceduri ocene, dok automatizovani sistem obrade podataka dodatno doprinosi njegovoj autentičnosti, prepoznatljivosti i globalnoj relevantnosti.
Uključivanjem indikatora koji opisuje trajanje kontakta krave i teleta po teljenju, novi protokol akcentuje značaj ove veze za ispoljavanje prirodnih i socijalnih oblika ponašanja, koja zalazi i u emocionalnu sferu. Ovaj pionirski iskorak u pristupu oceni dobrobiti idejno je proistekao iz sve izraženijeg trenda tzv. pozitivne dobrobiti farmskih životinja, koja u prvi plan postavlja važnost obezbeđenja pozitivnih iskustava, stimulacije i emocionalne ugodnosti. Na taj način protokol se izdvaja kao inovativan i holistički orijentisan, dok ujedno obogaćuje globalni naučni diskurs u oblasti dobrobiti životinja.
Novi protokol zasniva se na sistematskom odabiru, prilagođavanju i primeni indikatora koji ispunjavaju tri ključna kriterijuma: validnost, izvodljivost i pouzdanost. Većina indikatora naučno je potvrđena kroz primenu u međunarodno priznatim protokolima, dok su pojedini modifikovani ili zamenjeni inovativnim merilima čija je pouzdanost dokazana eksperimentalnim testiranjima. Takav pristup omogućio je značajno pojednostavljenje modela i postupka ocene dobrobiti i skraćenje vremena trajanja ocenjivanja, bez kompromisa u pogledu tačnosti i verodostojnosti rezultata.
Za razliku od WQ® protokola, koji se zasniva na složenim nelinearnim transformacijama (Choquet integral), novi protokol primenjuje modele bodovanja koji su linearni, transparentni i jednostavni za reprodukciju. Ovakav pristup predstavlja originalan naučni doprinos jer smanjuje verovatnoću interpretativnih grešaka, povećava operativnu brzinu i olakšava primenu u terenskim uslovima, uz očuvanu pouzdanost i kompatibilnost sa referentnim WQ® pristupom.
Dodatnu vrednost donosi povezivanje ovog okvira sa automatizovanom kalkulacijom putem Excel alata, čime je omogućeno standardizovano, brzo i objektivno generisanje rezultata. Pouzdanost i uporedivost ovakvog pristupa empirijski su potvrđene, što ga čini jedinstvenim i relevantnim doprinosom u oblasti ocene dobrobiti životinja.
Istraživanje sprovedeno tokom razvoja novog protokola rezultovalo je generisanjem novih saznanja i podataka koji mogu značajno doprineti transferu i razmeni znanja u oblasti pristupa oceni i analizi kvaliteta dobrobiti životinja, kako na nacionalnom, tako i na međunarodnom nivou. Novi protokol time prevazilazi okvire primene u domaćem mlečnom sektoru i doprinosi globalnim istraživanjima u oblasti dobrobiti životinja, čime se otvara prostor za razmenu inovativnih ideja, razvoj uporednih analiza i usmeravanje budućih istraživačkih pravaca
The safety of wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat hunted in different European countries
No full textThe wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a popular game animal worldwide. Boar populations in Europe and Asia are numerous and widespread. However, these animals pose numerous problems: they damage agricultural crops, spread infectious diseases that are dangerous to pigs (e.g., African swine fever, ASF), encroach on human settlements, cause traffic accidents, and are an increasing threat to humans. Attempts to reduce the number of wild boars have a low success rate, since, thanks to their rapid reproduction, their herds quickly recover after periods of intensive shooting. In addition, they perform well even in hostile environments and readily colonize new areas. Hunting and systematic culling of wild boars are aimed at reducing their numbers and population density. In 2019-2023, the annual harvest of wild boar carcasses ranged from 221,000 to 420,000. After mandatory veterinary inspection, wild boar meat can be a more environmentally friendly, low-cost alternative to pork. Considering the findings of various authors, the rules for marketing and consuming this meat should be followed. Only meat from wild boar carcasses that have undergone mandatory testing for Trichinella spiralis and Alaria alata should be consumed. The consumption of wild boar offal, especially liver and kidneys, should be strictly avoided due to the accumulation of heavy metals and radioactive contamination in these organs. Venison is an organic food, free of antibiotics and growth promoters. However, due to the risks presented, it requires special treatment and veterinary control
HEALTH AND POPULATION FEATURES OF THE INDIGENOUS SJENICA SHEEP BREED IN SERBIA
No full textThis study evaluated population trends and biochemical parameters of Sjenica sheep in central and southwestern Serbia to assess their adaptive capacity under extensive systems. Population data (2020–2025) and biochemical analyses of 30 adult sheep from the Pešter Plateau, Valjevo, and Zlatibor were used. The population increased by about 68%, with females comprising over 96%.Most biochemical parameters were within reference ranges, indicating preserved metabolic balance. Moderate variability reflected individual physiological differences. The results confirm good metabolic health and strong adaptation of Sjenica sheep, emphasizing the importance of coordinated breeding and genetic monitoring for long-term conservation
Advancing precision livestock farming in pigs through markerless pose estimation: a comparison between DeepLabCut and SLEAP
No full textThe development of DeepLabCut and Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses estimates animal poses is changing how behavioral research is done by allowing precise and detailed tracking of animal movements. These tools make it possible to study complex behaviors more accurately than traditional observation methods, opening new opportunities for different research fields.
Differences in installation, annotation, and training show that researchers should choose the tool that best matches their technical skills, project goals, and experimental setup. Selecting the appropriate framework enhances research efficiency and accessibility.
The structured annotation methods and evaluation approaches used in both frameworks can help create more consistent and comparable data. This is important for reproducibility and collaboration between different research groups.
Since both frameworks reach similar levels of accuracy, future work can focus more on improving usability, workflows and adding downstream tasks of interest for the community, making these tools easier to adopt and integrate into different types of research
FROM RESEARCH TO INNOVATION: HYBRID MEAT PRODUCTS
No full textHybrid meat products combine meat with plant or other proteins to reduce animal content while maintaining familiar flavour, texture, and cooking performance. They offer a practical option for flexitarians and mainstream meat consumers. Moderate replacement typically preserves yield and juiciness, while higher levels increase the risk of off-flavours, colour changes, and texture weakening unless hydration, mixing, and fat systems are optimised. Advances are driven by high-moisture extrusion and co-extrusion, structured fats, and tailored flavour strategies. Effective innovation also requires clear nutritional targets (such as increased fibre and reduced saturated fat), transparent sustainability claims based on life cycle assessment, and straightforward labelling. This review summarises key ingredients, processing methods, and quality factors, and presents a practical roadmap for scaling up hybrid products
The effect of Azotobacter chroococcum on the resistance of red clover to Colletotrichum destructivum
No full textAnthracnose, caused by fungi of the Colletotrichum genus, represents a serious threat to the profitable cultivation of red clover worldwide. This disease also has a significant economic impact on red clover production in Serbia. This study examined the susceptibility of 19 red clover genotypes of different origins and one genotype of Medicago truncatula (Pramedi) to the pathogen Colletotrichum destructivum. Additionally, the study included Azotobacter chroococcum, known for its beneficial effects on plant health. The resistance of the tested red clover genotypes was evaluated under two treatments: Inoculation with the C. destructivum isolate and combined inoculation with C. destructivum and A. chroococcum. Treatments that included a combination of A. chroococcum and C. destructivum generally led to increased resistance or tolerance of red clover varieties to C. destructivum compared to treatments where plants were exposed only to the C. destructivum isolate. Among the tested genotypes, Wilo exhibited the highest resistance in both treatments. In contrast, the most susceptible genotypes were Krusevac-9, Krusevac-32, Krusevac-39, Nigula, Lea, Diana and Pramedi. The potential application of biological control measures specifically, inoculation of red clover plants with Azotobacter species was investigated as a strategy for controlling C. destructivum, the causal agent of anthracnose in forage legumes
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND REGRESSION MODELS TO PREDICT BW OF HOLSTEIN AND BROWN SWISS CATTLE USING REAL-TIME BODY MEASUREMENTS
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to evaluate the possible use of some morphometric body measurements to predict body weight (BW) of Holstein (H) and Brown Swiss (BS) cattle grown in a 12-month Intensive beef production system. Associations between bodyweight (BW) and some body measurements such as heart girth (HG), wither height (WH), body length (BL), body depth (BD), hip width (HW), hip height (HH) and pin bone length (PL) were examined for prediction ability, using the data with 1068 observations for each trait. The linear, quadratic and cubic regression models (REGR) were performed to predict BW for both breeds and since there were no statistically significant differences in body measurements between breeds. The data of these breeds were combined and found that BL and HG would be the most advisable traits in estimating BW (R2=95.8% and 95.7% respectively) among the other measurements. Regression analysis showed that addition of quadratic and cubic terms provided little contribution in BW prediction. Therefore, linear terms of all variables were considered for analysis and they were significant and R2 values for other body measurements WH, HW, BD, HH and PL were approximately 93.2, 79.9, 87.1, 90.9 and 79.2% respectively. The best predictors were the same to estimate BW by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The best predictive variables were HG and BL by ANN with R2= 98.2 and 98.1% respectively. In conclusion, BW can be estimated precisely by both REGR and ANN using BL and HG alone or both HG and even WH and different models may be needed to predict BW in different feeding and environmental conditions and breeds. However, ANN produced higher accuracy in prediction of live weights than REGR
Production potential of winter and spring mixtures of field pea and oats in Serbia
No full textField pea and oats are two forage crops that combine very well in mixtures, both in terms of sowing and cultivation as well as yield and forage quality. The mixture is characterized by a short vegetation period, a positive effect on the soil and good resistance to weeds, diseases and lodging. In multi-year trials on the experimental fields of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in Belgrade, mixtures of oats and field pea were grown in both winter and spring sowing. The winter sowing trials included three varieties (domestic Kosmaj, OS Adam and OS Letin from Croatia) and their mixtures (100% pea:10% oats; 100% pea:20% oats) for each variety, composed using the additive method, along with four control plots (pure stands of each variety). At spring sowing, the following factors were investigated: nitrogen fertilization (0, 40 and 80 kg ha⁻¹), the sowing ratio of the NS Junior variety and oats in mixtures (100:15% and 100:30%) with two control plots (pure field pea and pure oats) and the optimum harvest time (full flowering and pod formation in the field pea). The varieties Kosmaj (21.5 t ha⁻¹) and Adam (27.9 t ha⁻¹) achieved the highest yield of fresh biomass in winter sowing, while the leafless variety Letin had the lowest yield (12.8 t ha⁻¹), both individually and in mixtures. The average yield of fresh biomass was significantly higher in the 100:20% pea: oats mixture than in the 100:10% mixture and in the pure crop. The dry matter yield was also highest in the 100:20% mixture, although not significantly higher than in the 100:10% mixture and the pure crop. The leafy varieties OS Adam (164 g kg⁻¹) and Kosmaj (153 g kg⁻¹) achieved higher protein contents than the variety Letin (136 g kg⁻¹). Based on these analyzed values and the low competitiveness of oats in winter mixtures with peas, the ratio of these two species should not be less than 100:20% at sowing. In spring sowing, nitrogen fertilization and the different seeding rates had a significant influence on biomass, hay and crude protein yields. On average, the highest hay yields were achieved with 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (4.96 t ha⁻¹), followed by 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (4.27 t ha⁻¹). The highest protein yields were achieved with 40 kg N ha⁻¹ (704 kg ha⁻¹), followed by 80 kg N ha⁻¹ (638 kg ha⁻¹). On average, the 100:30% mixture had a higher hay yield (4.82 t ha⁻¹) and lower crude protein yield (693 kg ha⁻¹) compared to the 100:15% mixture (4.44
t ha⁻¹ and 730 kg ha⁻¹, respectively). Nitrogen fertilization did not lead to a significant increase in costs, but it increased the net profit by 163%, depending on the nitrogen levels and composition of the mixture. Nitrogen fertilization also achieved greater economic efficiency in the 100:15% mixture compared to the 100:30% mixture. Mixtures of field pea and oats perform better than pure crops and provide economical forage in a short time. The use of optimal seed ratios and nitrogen fertilization can significantly increase the productivity and profitability of ruminant forage with minimal impact on overall production costs