Collection HAL de l'ADEME
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Les agriculteurs méthaniseurs et leurs territoires
No full textInternational audienceAlors que la filière de méthanisation connait en France un fort développement ces dernières années, elle est traversée par une tension entre une dynamique de massification soutenue par les pouvoirs publics et une sélectivité accrue découlant du cadrage politique et économique retenu. Cette contribution vise à analyser la traduction spatiale de cette tension en étudiant la manière dont les technologies de cogénération et d'injection se diffusent dans l'espace français à partir de deux entrées : les systèmes agricoles et l'organisation des territoires, ici abordés à partir de deux indicateurs les OTEX et la grille communale de densité
Corrigendum to “Modelling tensile mechanical properties of oak timber from fibre orientation scanning for strength grading purpose” presented in 11th Hardwood conference in Sopron, Hungary, 2024
No full textoai:HAL:hal-05553681v3Corrigendum to “Modelling tensile mechanical properties of oak timber from fibre orientation scanning for strength grading purpose” presented in 11th Hardwood conference in Sopron, Hungary, 2024International audienceThe conference paper “Modelling tensile mechanical properties of oak timber from fibre orientation scanning for strength grading purpose” (11th Hardwood Conference, Sopron, 2024) reported results from destructive tensile tests that, upon subsequent review, were found to contain errors. After a careful curation of the dataset —excluding specimens affected by malfunction events and recomputing the mechanical properties— all results involving the modulus of elasticity (MoE) and tensile strength required revision.The updated analysis is based on a dataset of 875 boards (previously 924). Consequently, Tables 1–2, Figures 3–4, and the numerical values in the text referring to mechanical properties had to be updated. For completeness, the fully revised article is provided below. Minor typographical errors have also been corrected.The most substantive changes concern the coefficients of determination (R²) that quantify the predictive performance of the proposed indicating properties for tensile strength and MoE. The R² for tensile strength prediction increases from 0.49 in the original version to 0.57 in this corrigendum, while the MoE prediction increases from 0.45 to 0.53. Accordingly, the modelling performance is better than initially reported, which does not change the article’s conclusions, but strengthens them, especially regarding the capability of this modelling approach for secondary quality oak timber strength grading.The authors apologize for these errors and hope that the consolidated results will be useful to the timber science community
Justice énergétique : quand le droit est créateur d’inégalité énergétique
No full textInternational audienceLa justice énergétique, communément définie comme caractérisant un « système énergétique mondial qui répartit équitablement les avantages et les coûts des services énergétiques et qui prévoit un processus décisionnel représentatif et impartial en matière d’énergie » (Sovacool, Dworkin, 2014) émerge en marge de la libéralisation du système énergétique et de la mobilisation du droit de l’énergie au soutien de la lutte contre le changement climatique. La justice énergétique comporte une fonction descriptive, permettant d’identifier les inégalités énergétiques, et une fonction normative mettant en évidence les dimensions morales, équitables des systèmes énergétiques afin de formuler des recommandations aux décideurs publics, aux entreprises du secteur et aux régulateurs. Dépassant l’idée qu’elle est un but à atteindre, la présentation s’attachera à mettre en avant que la justice énergétique doit être également une méthodologie novatrice car systémique, du droit de la transition énergétique. Il s’agira alors d’analyser comment ce droit peut créer ou amplifier lui-même des inéquités mais également, dès lors que ces causes intrinsèques au droit sont identifiées, comment il peut y pallier
What User Involvement in Sustainable Campuses? An Analysis of the Decision-Making Processes of University Smart Buildings in the Lille Region (France)
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter question the inclusion of users in universities’ ecological transitions. Toexplore this issue, the authors particularly focus on the decision to build andrenovate university buildings as ‘smart’ buildings. What vision of the ecologicaltransition do these technical choices reflect? And on what vision of users and theirrole in the ecological transition? Through a qualitative study of the decision-makingprocesses behind the construction and renovation of four smart university buildingsin the Lille region, the authors highlight both the difficulty and necessity ofincluding users to achieve energy and ecological objectives. This necessitatesrethinking the role of users in the ecological transition, as well as developingmethods and tools to achieve this technical inclusion
VOC emissions from in-use asphalt pavements: Environmental drivers, atmospheric impacts, and mitigation strategies
No full textInternational audienceVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from asphalt pavements are increasingly recognized as contributors to urban air pollution and associated health risks. While emissions during production and paving have been widely studied, continuous releases during the service life of pavements remain poorly quantified, despite asphalt covering over 90 % of global road surfaces and up to 20 % of urban areas. These in-use emissions are influenced by binder type, mixture design, and environmental drivers such as temperature, solar radiation, humidity, and material aging. Recent chamber studies show that hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs dominate at service temperatures (20–70 °C), contributing to ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation with yields of 10–20 % of the reacted VOC mass. Mitigation strategies such as warm mix asphalt, recycling, and bio-based binders reduce production-phase emissions, yet their effectiveness in limiting service-phase releases remains uncertain. This review consolidates current knowledge on VOC emissions from in-use asphalt pavements and highlights major gaps, including the absence of standardized quantification methods and emission factors suitable for inventories within life-cycle assessment frameworks. Addressing these gaps is essential in order to comprehensively evaluate the current contribution of asphalt pavements to urban air quality and to guide sustainable infrastructure strategies that mitigate the effects of climate change
Torrefied biomass (Biotorr) potential for agricultural applications. A review
No full textInternational audienceCrop residue management has gained attention for its potential to increase soil organic matter and improve soil health in agricultural systems. For these purposes, pyrolysis of crop residues, to produce biochar, and its impacts on soils have been extensively studied, but torrefied biomass (biotorr), produced by torrefaction between 200 and 300 • C represents a promising alternative. Torrefaction offers advantages such as higher mass yields and lower production costs, which could make it an accessible and cost-effective soil conditioner.This review synthesises current knowledge on the effects of torrefaction on the properties of biotorr and assesses its potential as a soil conditioner. The results showed that torrefaction affects the composition of biotorr differently depending on the feedstock and the torrefaction parameters. While the yield of biotorr decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature, it was still higher than that of biochar. Compared to the feedstock, the carbon content and stability of biotorr improved significantly. Our analysis also indicated higher levels of P and K in biotorr, although further research is needed to determine their bioavailability.Given these results, biotorr shows a strong potential as a soil conditioner to improve soil health and support sustainable agriculture. However, it is now necessary to further investigate the potential of biotorr for agricultural application through field experiments, especially to assess how biotorr affects soil nutrient dynamics and carbon sequestration.</p
Droit comme un arbre - Episode 4 : Justice alimentaire : nourrir le monde ou nourrir le marché ?
No full textDans ce quatrième épisode, la journaliste Camille Maestracci interroge Fabrice Riem, professeur de droit à l'université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, et Magali Ramel, juriste en post-doctorat à l'université de Nantes, tous deux spécialistes des questions autour du droit à l'alimentation.On y parle des limites de l'aide alimentaires, des lois du marché qui ne prennent pas en compte le droit à l'alimentation et de la nécessité d'une approche par les droits.Pour aller plus loin : https://citizens-initiative.europa.eu/initiatives/details/2025/000002_fr"Droit comme un arbre" est un podcast du projet JUSCOOP - justice énergétique : l'énergie comme un "commun" financé par le programme de recherche PUCA ainsi que par l’Ademe et imaginé par Blanche Lormeteau, chargée de recherche au CNRS. Écrit et réalisé par Camille Maestracci
TRAJECTOIRE 4 A: Adapter - Anticiper - Articuler - Ajuster
No full textTrajectoire 4 A (T4A) is an action research project with two objectives: to help local authorities design their own climate change adaptation trajectory through actions carried out over different timeframes, and to guide them, using innovative reflection/decision-making tools, in reassessing their strategy and readjusting their environmental and territorial planning.T4A is built around geoprospective methods focused on modeling and simulations, with the aim of projecting land-use planning for the study area over the long term and encouraging local stakeholders to explore new ways of adapting to climate change that are suited to the diversity of their geographic context. The territory of the Pays de Grasse urban community (Alpes-Maritimes, France) serves as the testing ground for this approach.T4A offers an operational approach that can be replicated by any local government. The sequence of steps in the process provides a guiding framework for co-developing a climate adaptation policy tailored to the specific community, and for implementing it across the territory over the long term: assessing the expectations of local stakeholders, collectively identifying priority issues, gradually learning through prospective experiments using a serious game and a spatial simulation tool, conducting ex ante impact assessments of adaptation actions, engaging in collective reflection on the adaptation pathway based on the impacts of simulated actions, and making necessary adjustments to environmental and land-use planning.T4A has developed a spatial simulation tool called SIMPROSPECT (SIMulations PROSPEctives Ciblées sur la Transition), designed as a platform for reflection and decision support for local governors and public agents who want to learn how to develop and implement a transition pathway in their municipality. SIMPROSPECT is freely accessible on the project’s website (trajectoire4a.org) and it consists of two applications: SIMPROSPECT 1 is focused on testing policy levers that support sustainable mobility, while SIMPROSPECT 2 aims to reduce territorial vulnerabilities to future climate-related risks by enhancing adaptive capacity. Four risk-related themes are addressed: excess mortality among people over 80 during heatwaves, wildfires, flooding from stormwater runoff and mudslides, and water shortagesTrajectoire 4 A (T4A) est une recherche-action qui a une double finalité : aider une collectivité territoriale à concevoir sa propre trajectoire d’adaptation au changement climatique par des actions menées à différentes temporalités, et la guider, par des outils d’aide à la réflexion/décision novateurs, à réévaluer sa stratégie et à réajuster sa planification environnementale et territoriale.T4A est construit autour de méthodes de géoprospective axées sur la modélisation et les simulations, visant à projeter l’aménagement du territoire d’étude sur le temps long et à susciter chez les acteurs locaux de nouvelles réflexions sur les formes d’adaptation au changement climatique appropriées à la diversité de leur contexte géographique. Le territoire de la Communauté d’Agglomération du Pays de Grasse (Alpes-Maritimes, France) constitue le laboratoire d’expérimentation de cette démarche.T4A propose un mode opératoire reproductible à toute collectivité. Le chaînage des différentes phases de la démarche fournit un fil conducteur qui permet de co-construire une politique d’adaptation spécifique à la collectivité puis de l’opérationnaliser sur son territoire et sur le temps long : diagnostic des attentes des acteurs locaux, définition collective des problématiques prioritaires, apprentissage pas à pas des expérimentations prospectives à l’aide d’un jeu-sérieux et d’un outil de simulations spatiales, mesures ex ante des impacts d’actions d’adaptation, réflexion collective sur la trajectoire d’adaptation qui découle des impacts des actions simulées, réajustements de la planification environnementale et territoriale.T4A a créé un outil de simulation spatiale : SIMPROSPECT (SIMulations PROSPEctives Ciblées sur la Transition), conçu pour être un outil de réflexion et d’aide à la décision dédié aux élus et agents souhaitant apprendre à élaborer une trajectoire de transition et à l’opérationnaliser sur leur commune. SIMPROSPECT est en libre accès sur le site internet du projet (trajectoire4a.org) et il se compose de deux applications : SIMPROSPECT 1 vise à tester des leviers d’actions en faveur de la mobilité durable et SIMPROSPECT 2 a pour objectif de réduire les vulnérabilités du territoire face aux risques futurs liés aux changements climatiques en augmentant sa capacité d’adaptation. Quatre thématiques de risque sont considérées : la surmortalité des personnes de plus de 80 ans liée aux vagues de canicule, les incendies, l’inondation par ruissellement pluvial et les coulées de boue, et la pénurie d’eau
Parameters Impacting Brake Wear Particle Emissions: A Literature Review
No full textInternational audienceWith the implementation by the European Union since the 1980s of strict measures to reduce emissions of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NH3, CH4, O3, NOX, SOX, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), etc.), these emissions have fallen from a total of nearly 65 million tons in 1990 to around 20 million tons in 2021, according to data from the European Environment Agency. In the road transport sector, the implementation of the first European emissions standard in 1992 and the electrification of vehicles have made it possible to reduce exhaust emissions. As non-exhaust emissions increased, the European Commission introduced thresholds for braking systems for certain vehicle categories in the future Euro 7 standard. Car manufacturers are looking for solutions to reduce brake particle emissions, including the modification of the composition of the brake pads and discs. This literature review aims to present the state of the art of a set of parameters that can influence brake particle emissions. The parameters highlighted here include the raw materials and manufacturing process parameters of the brake pads, the composition of brake discs, some test parameters, and some characteristics of brake pads and discs. A brief analysis of the tribological mechanisms that could be involved in particle emissions is also described
The Call for a Systemic Shift Towards a Circular Society: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Following the recent call for a systemic shift towards sustainability, we present a systemic literature review conducted via the StArt tool and informed by over 105 articles in order to understand the nature and extent of a multidisciplinary literature on the systemic organising of the circular economy (CE). The findings show a large academic community occasionally addressing this management issue. Primarily composed of engineers and managers, they have published their findings, often as co-authors, in a few multidisciplinary engineering journals. The systemic CE organising issue is mainly problematised as the tools required, changes in organisation of the value chain, and reliance on key actors. However, little has been written about the conceptualisation or systemic evaluation of the impacts. Contributions show a split between the major conventional trend that focuses on CE for sustainable growth by optimising tools, actors’ roles, and the organising system, and a minor but critical trend that explores reflections on conceptualisation and evaluation, opening up avenues for territorial, complex, and ecological thinking for a transformational circular society. A reminder of Boulding’s systemic, sustainable, and stationary CE reveals three important points: (1) the literature we reviewed is largely analytical rather than systemic; (2) it is mainly limited to an incompatible economic growth logic and lack of awareness of complexity issues; and (3) the need for cooperation, information sharing, and interdisciplinarity clearly appear as common issues to be addressed