Kaduna Journal of Geography
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Impact of Public-Private Partnership on Housing Development in Calabar Municipal Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
No full textThis study examines public-private partnership and housing development in the Calabar Municipal Local Government of Cross River State. The study objective is to determine the extent to which public-private partnership has affected housing development in Calabar. The study methodology is quantitative; survey research design was used, and data for the study were generated from a primary source. The instrument of the primary data collection used was a questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 384 respondents selected from the population of 304,119 of Calabar Municipal LGA. The stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample from the population. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools and multiple Regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The test result revealed that the t-statistic of the independent variable stood at 4.229 with a p-value of 0.000. The p-value is less than 0.05, indicating that the relationship depicted in the model is significant at the 95% confidence level. This implies that there is a significant effect of public-private partnership on housing affordability in the Calabar Municipal local government. Also, the study revealed that the t-statistic of the independent variable stood at 7.362 with a p-value of 0.000. The p-value is less than 0.05, indicating that the relationship depicted in the model is significant at the 95% confidence level. This implies that there is a significant effect of public-private partnership on housing quality in the Calabar Municipal Local Government Area. The study recommends that the government should provide adequate counterpart funding and strengthen the legal and institutional frameworks guiding PPP housing projects to promote affordable and quality housing
Small-Scale Irrigation Practices and Their Effects on Farmers’ Livelihoods in Jama’are Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria
No full textThis study was conducted on Small-Scale Irrigation Practices and Their Effects on Farmers’ Livelihoods in Jama’are Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria. The data type was derived from both primary and secondary sources, and simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 357. A structured interview schedule was used for data collection, which was analyzed using frequency tabulations, percentages, and the Chi-Square test. The results - presented in tables - revealed that the majority of farmers in Jama’are LGA were males (94%), mostly in the economically active age group, with informal educational qualifications, large household sizes, and were mainly engaged in business and other occupations. Furthermore, irrigation water use in the LGA increased significantly over the last 10 years, with none-shaduf irrigation (80%) for rice production (55%) and highly supported by NPK and Urea (76%) applications, ranging from 1–10 bags. Moreover, the effects of irrigation practices on the livelihoods of farmers in the LGA were positive, as indicated by high (95%) crop profitability, with yield reductions attributed solely to insufficient water supply and numerous welfare effects. It was recommended that the community, governments, NGOs, and other stakeholders support and encourage women farmers in Jama’are LGA to adopt irrigation practices to boost food production in the LGA
Challenges in the Adoption of Circular Economy Practices among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
No full textThe global shift toward sustainable development emphasizes an all-sector transition from a linear economy to a circular economy, inclusive of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study investigates the challenges faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in adopting Circular Economy (CE) initiatives in Awka, Anambra State. Using a survey of 100 SME owners and managers across hospitality, retail, manufacturing, and service sectors, the research explores challenges and motivating factors of CE adoption by SMEs through purposive sampling. Data was analysed using percentages, means, and ranking. Challenges identified include lack of awareness and information (21%), followed by lack of technical knowledge (20%) and financial constraints (19%). Ranking the severity of the challenges showed that lack of government incentive, lack of awareness, and financial constraints ranked first, second, and third, respectively. The two most significant motivating factors encouraging adoption of CE stem from the benefits derived, which are the reduction of operation cost (26%) and environmental sustainability (25%). The study concludes that CE adoption in Awka is at an early stage, driven mainly by environmental concerns and cost-saving motives. It recommends targeted training, financial incentives, and supportive policies to strengthen SMEs’ capacity for sustainable practices, thereby promoting environmental protection and economic resilience in the region
Perceived Impacts of Stormwater on Urban Residential Neighbourhoods in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria
No full textUrban centers in developing nations like Nigeria are increasingly vulnerable to stormwater challenges due to rapid urbanization, poor drainage systems and climate variability, among others. This study assesses the perceived impacts of stormwater on urban residential neighbourhoods in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 384 respondents selected through purposive sampling across various communities to ensure participation of individuals with direct experience of stormwater effects. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Weighted Mean (WM), and Standard Deviation (SD) to determine both the level of agreement and the degree of variability in residents\u27 responses. The findings identify key contributors to stormwater runoff, with improper waste disposal into water channels (WM = 4.00; SD = 1.34), unregulated urban development (WM = 3.97; SD = 1.49), and absence or poor maintenance of drainage channels (WM = 3.87; SD = 1.42) emerging as the most critical factors. Natural drivers such as heavy rainfall and deforestation further intensify these human-induced challenges. In terms of impacts, residents reported severe effects including increased mosquito breeding and disease outbreaks (WM = 3.98; SD = 1.34), difficulty in movement during rainfall (WM = 3.92; SD = 1.44), and damage to household items and personal belongings (WM = 3.92; SD = 1.43), alongside dampness in building foundations and widespread erosion. The study therefore concludes that, stormwater presents major environmental, health, and economic risks in Zaria’s residential neighbourhoods, largely due to inadequate urban planning, poor waste management, and insufficient drainage systems. Based on the findings, the study recommends the need for improved enforcement of development control, strategic investment in drainage infrastructure, enhanced waste management programmes, and strengthened community participation in stormwater adaptation practices
Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence-Based Approaches to Environmental Sanitation in Secondary Schools in the North Central Zone, Nigeria
No full textThe study was motivated by ongoing sanitation challenges in schools and the growing potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve hygiene and waste management. This study examined teachers’ and students’ perceptions of AI-based approaches to environmental sanitation in secondary schools in the North Central Zone of Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised secondary school teachers and students, from which a representative sample of 400 respondents (150 teachers and 250 students) was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with mean scores, standard deviation, and t-test statistics to test the stated hypotheses. The findings revealed that 82% of teachers and 76% of students were aware of AI-based sanitation solutions, with teachers demonstrating slightly higher mean awareness scores (M = 3.42, SD = 0.48) than students (M = 3.28, SD = 0.52). Both groups exhibited positive attitudes toward AI integration, with mean attitude scores above the benchmark of 2.50. Major barriers identified included inadequate funding (reported by 78% of respondents), limited training opportunities (71%), unreliable electricity (69%), and weak administrative support (65%). The study concludes that while awareness and attitudes are favourable, infrastructural and institutional deficiencies constrain effective adoption. It is recommended that targeted training, workshops, and funding support be provided to strengthen the implementation of AI-based sanitation systems in schools
Perception of Forms and Causes of Domestic Violence Against Women in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria
No full textDomestic violence is a longstanding issue in Nigeria, often perceived as a normal part of life and not considered a matter deserving of public health attention as it is today. This study explored perceptions of the forms and causes of domestic violence against women in Chikun LGA, Kaduna State. Data were collected through a survey, and questionnaires were administered to 382 respondents. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that 45.5% of respondents perceived wife beating as the most common form of domestic violence, driven by cultural and socioeconomic factors, lack of education, and gender inequality. About 82.1% of respondents were aware of the frequency of domestic violence in the area. The study found that domestic violence often results from deep-seated cultural practices that encourage male dominance, coupled with economic challenges and limited access to education. The consequences are far-reaching, affecting not only victims but also their families and communities. The study concludes that low-income family relationships, illiteracy, poor economic status, and substance abuse contribute to domestic violence. It recommends establishing Guidance and Counselling centers to educate and counsel partners on peaceful coexistence. Additionally, community-based initiatives are needed to address the cultural and socioeconomic factors driving domestic violence and to promote gender equality and women\u27s empowerment. By addressing these underlying issues, it is possible to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence and create a safer, more equitable society for all
Smart Transportation System: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Smart Transportation Systems in Reducing Congestion and Emissions in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
No full textUrban transportation in Nigeria faces critical challenges of traffic congestion and rising emissions, which undermine economic productivity, environmental health, and urban livability. This study explores the potential and the actual use of smart transportation technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to mitigate these challenges, with a specific focus on Kaduna Metropolis. A comparative case study approach is employed, using Lagos and Enugu as benchmarks for both established and emerging smart mobility interventions. Data were drawn from traffic volume counts, Peak Hour Factor (PHF) analysis, pollution metrics, and a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed studies. GIS mapping visualized congestion hotspots, while a proposed ML model demonstrates the potential for real-time traffic prediction. Results indicate that Kaduna metropolis experiences severe traffic congestion, with an average PHF of 0.78 and CO2 concentrations exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) safety thresholds. Lagos shows moderate improvements through initiatives such as Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and ride-hailing platforms, while Enugu faces episodic traffic congestion due to socio-political disruptions. Based on these findings, the study proposes a context-specific smart transportation framework for Kaduna, integrating IoT-enabled traffic sensors, ML-driven analytics, and GIS-based spatial planning. The findings have broader implications for urban transport policy, infrastructure development, and sustainable mobility strategies in Nigerian cities and comparable urban contexts across Africa
Analysis of Future Trend and Variability of Extreme Climate Indices in Kano State, Nigeria (2024-2099)
No full textHuman-induced climate change has affected the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events globally, leading to widespread adverse impacts. This study examined the future (2024-2099) trend and variability of climate indices in Kano State, Nigeria, using CanESM5 Global Climate Model (GCM) of CMIP6. The GCM was downscaled using SDSM software and a future (2024-2099) scenario was generated. Power Transformation (PT) and Distribution Mapping (DM) were applied to minimize bias in the generated scenario. RClimdex (1) was used to compute extremes, while Modified Mann-Kendall and Coefficient of Variation were employed to calculate trends and variability of their extremes, respectively. Results show that there will be a significant increase in nighttime cooling, but daytime temperatures show a signal of both warming and cooling in the future. Also, a significant increase in maximum temperature and a decrease in minimum temperature are expected in the future. Generally, temperature indices showed low variability except for TX10p, TX90p, TN10p, and TN90p which showed moderate variability. The analysis of extreme rainfall indices indicates a future decrease in the intensity of extreme rainfall, as well as variations in the frequency of extreme rainfall indices. Rainfall indices showed moderate variability, except for R95p and R99p, which showed high variability. There is a need to raise awareness among local communities and stakeholders about the impacts of changing climate extremes. There is also a need to establish comprehensive climate monitoring systems in Kano State to continuously collect and analyse data on temperature and rainfall patterns
Soil Organic Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential in Southern Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone, Nigeria
No full textCarbon sequestration in soils has a huge potential to decrease the rate of CO2 emission to the atmosphere. However, little is known about Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stock and fluxes in savannas. This study quantified the SOC of major plant communities in the southern guinea savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to determine their carbon sequestration potential for climate change mitigation. Field and laboratory procedures were employed to estimate carbon stock. Soil samples were collected by resampling from 40 permanent sampling plots for the years 2013, 2017, and 2021, respectively. Eighty composite soil samples were taken at two depths (0-15cm and 15-30cm). SOC concentration was estimated in the laboratory using the wet-oxidation Walkley-Black method. Findings revealed that between 2013 and 2021, the mean bulk density at 0–15 cm increased from 1.29 to 1.38 g cm-3, while at 15-30cm depth ranged from 1.30 to 1.36 g cm-3, signifying an increasing trend of soil compaction. Conversely, the mean SOC at 0–15 cm decreased from 20.11 to 14.06 Mg ha-1 while 15-30cm ranged from 15.84 to 11.92 Mg ha-1, implying carbon loss. The mean SOC concentration was mostly higher in the 0-15 cm layer than in the 15-30 cm layer. Savanna Woodland recorded the highest SOC (23.41 Mg ha-1) in 2013, while the Recent fallow land recorded the lowest (7.25 Mg ha-1) in 2021. Between 2013 and 2021, carbon emissions occurred at an annual loss rate of 8.87 Mg ha-1 yr-1. It was concluded that the restoration of the various plant communities has the potential to sequester about 79.84 Mg ha-1 of SOC at an annual rate of 8.87 Mg ha-1, which will provide effective climate change mitigation. This study recommends sustainable management practices for soil carbon sequestration, such as forest protection, fire management, afforestation, the use of organic fertilizers, and soil amendments
Analysis of the Spatial Growth of Dutsin-Ma Town, Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria
No full textUrban growth and expansion are among the most significant phenomena to study globally. This study examines the urban sprawl of Dutsin-Ma town, Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria, between 1990 and 2020. Three satellite images (Landsat ETM 1990, ETM+ 2010, and NigeriaSat-X 2020) provide data for analysts. Supervised image classification via the maximum likelihood algorithm was applied to the three images. Five land use classes were identified: built-up areas, vegetation, bare surfaces, rock-out crops, and water bodies. The results from the image data from the three different dates, that is, the 1990, 2010, and 2020 images, were merged as inputs to produce one image of the change detection results. Post-classification analysis was used to quantify the changes that took place during the study period. The findings revealed that there was a significant increase in built-up areas from 6.7 km2 to 7.8 km2 and 10.8 km2 in 1990, 2010, and 2020, respectively. This represents a difference of 1.1 km2 from 1990-2010 and 3.0 km2 from 2010 to 2020, which indicates an overall increase of 61.20% in 2020, indicating that the area extent of Dutsin-Ma significantly expanded, leading to a decrease in agricultural land and vegetation within the period of study. The study recommends proper planning, layout, and monitoring of any kind of developmental activity, and environmental policies for resource sustainability