International Journal of Care Scholars (IJCS)
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Educational Interventions for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Reducing Anxiety and Supporting Recovery – A Narrative Review
Full text linkBackground: To review evidence on educational interventions for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with particular emphasis on educational materials such as oral explanations, videos, and other multimedia approaches, and their impact on anxiety and depression.
Methods: A narrative synthesis was conducted of 19 empirical studies, including randomised trials, quasi-experimental designs, feasibility studies, and pilot projects. Interventions covered preoperative nurse-led explanations, videos, peer-narrated clips, virtual reality tours, simulation training, smartphone or web applications, and combined education with relaxation, music, or massage. Outcomes of interest were measures of anxiety and depression, patient knowledge and satisfaction, and recovery outcome.
Results: Structured educational interventions consistently reduced preoperative anxiety across multiple settings. Video, audiovisual, and simulation formats produced reliable gains in patient knowledge and satisfaction and were often preferred to verbal or written information alone. Programmes that combined education with calming or practical supports (for example, music, relaxation, or simulation) produced larger effects on anxiety and some physiological markers. Longer or continuous interventions (web/app-based follow-up, counselling) showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms than single-session approaches. Several eHealth programmes reduced unplanned health care contacts and sped patient-reported recovery, but effects on hard clinical endpoints (ICU stay, readmission, mortality) were inconsistent.
Conclusion: Educational interventions, especially multimedia and hybrid models, help reduce anxiety and improve knowledge and recovery experience for CABG patients. Larger studies involving multiple centres with standardised outcomes and longer follow-up are needed to clarify effects on depression and clinical endpoints
Learning Ethics as Viewed by Bruneian Midwifery Students: A Thematic Analysis
Full text linkBackground: There are several considerations that midwives must consider when providing care for their patients, partners, and newborns. This may give rise to nuanced ethical concerns, which entail midwives' readiness and capacity to recognise moral principles to recognise such concerns. The views of midwifery students regarding ethics education were examined in this study. Moreover, they reflected on their experiences with ethical concerns within clinical settings.
Methods: The study adopted a qualitative descriptive research design. Six final-year midwifery students who had completed clinical placements were emailed open-ended interview questions. The study was approved by the University Research Ethics Committee. Participants provided digital informed consent.
Results: Two broad themes were identified: (1) Adequacy in knowledge and (2) Between expectation and reality.
Conclusion: The midwifery students highlight that it is critical to recognise and be cognisant of ethical issues in the clinical setting, as they are common but not always easy to identify in a complex clinical environment. Subsequently, students must acquire knowledge of ethical concerns before their clinical rotations through practical examples and scenarios that demonstrate how to identify and confront such issues.
Successful Ageing and Social Support Among Older People Living in the Community
Full text linkBackground: Successful ageing of older people is influenced by the received social support. As the proportion of older people in Malaysia grows and the need for promoting successful ageing is apparent, it becomes increasingly important to investigate the relationship between successful ageing and social support among older people in the community.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted on 200 older people living in the community of Kuantan, Pahang. A structured questionnaire, Successful Ageing Inventory and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to collect data regarding demographics. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 25). Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test were used or analysis. The statistical significance level was set at p ? 0.05.
Results: The results showed that 98.5% and 75% of older people have highly successful ageing and social support, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between successful ageing and social support. However, no significant relationship was observed between successful ageing and demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: The level of social support received by older people in the community plays a crucial role in determining successful aging. Therefore, implementing intervention programmes on the significant factors to enhance the successful ageing of older people is recommended
Mothers’ Knowledge on Immunization and the Commitment to Get Their Child Immunized in a Suburban Region of Selangor, Malaysia
Full text linkBackground: Information regarding the significance of childhood immunization must be provided to mothers to ensure that they will effectively adhere to the immunization regimens that have been prescribed for their children. Furthermore, the recent increase in parental hesitancy towards vaccinating their children may be linked to the spread of inaccurate information by groups opposed to vaccination, which misleads parents about the benefits of childhood immunization. Thus, this study aimed to assess the level of the mother's knowledge and commitment of getting their child to immunize surrounding childhood immunization to uncover gaps in understanding and potential barriers to immunization. This study focuses on primigravida mothers for their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunization.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research design and gathered data from primigravida mothers who attended the Maternal and Child Health Clinic (MCH) in a suburban region of Selangor, Malaysia, from March to May 2018. The respondents were recruited via purposive sampling. The study included 72 respondents.
Results: The results indicated that 68.1% of the respondents had good knowledge about their children's immunization, and 84.7% had a commitment to get their child immunized. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and positive correlation between the level of mothers' knowledge and commitment to get their children to immunize of children immunized. The simple linear regression analysis results indicated a statistically significant association between age, access to internet information, and readiness for children's immunization, with a p-value of less than 0.05. Two themes were identified: (1) personal coping strategies with the subthemes: a) faith in God, b) reflection on family, and c) unleashing the power of self-motivation, and (2) Personal expectation with the subthemes: a) fostering attentiveness and empathy in patient care, and b) hospital management’s role.
Conclusion: Nurses should actively assess and deliver health education regarding children's immunization to enrich the parents’ commitment of getting their children immunized, especially when online platforms have the potential to be a successful means for healthcare professionals to share factual to a larger target group. This will prevent mothers from relying on false or misleading information
Stress Perception and Coping Strategies Among Healthcare Students: A Systematic Review
Full text linkBackground: The prevalence of stress among university students, particularly those studying in healthcare fields, has emerged as a significant worldwide concern. stress is characterized as a state of mental strain or anxiety stemming from challenging situations. The aim of this review is to deliver a systematic review of previous research, and knowledge on the stress perceived by healthcare students and their coping mechanisms.
Methods: The articles were obtained from the online databases which are PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and EBSCO Discovery services. Only 40 studies were included in this review.
Results: The result revealed, final year healthcare students mainly from medical and nursing course received stress from workload and assignment, lack of professional knowledge and skill and lack of free time. The students applied problem-focused, emotional-focused and avoidant coping to cope with their stressors.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this review indicates the need for future research to focus on perceived stress and coping mechanisms especially for final year healthcare courses other than medical and nursing to emphasize the broader significant and potential impact on the finding
Addressing Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Call to Action for Comprehensive Post-ICU Care
Full text linkKnowledge and Attitude Towards Vasectomy Among Male Kuantan Community
Full text linkBackground: Vasectomy is a contraceptive procedure that involves cutting and tying the pathway of sperm to the testes. This procedure, performed under local anaesthesia, carries a lower risk of complications compared to Bilateral Tubal Ligation, which is the female sterilisation method. Unfortunately, there is limited research on this topic in Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards vasectomy among males in Kuantan.
Methods: A total of 219 responses were collected using convenience sampling. Researchers utilised email and social media to distribute Google Forms questionnaires to gather responses.
Results: The study found that 67.1% of participants reported high knowledge about vasectomy, while 32.9% reported moderate knowledge. Regarding attitudes, 11.9% of participants showed a high attitude, while 88.1% exhibited a moderate attitude. No significant associations were found between knowledge and attitude towards vasectomy and demographic factors such as age, religion, ethnicity, education level, occupation, income, marital status, or number of children.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the Kuantan community has both high and moderate levels of knowledge and attitude towards vasectomy. These findings underscore the importance of public health campaigns aimed at promoting contraceptive methods to enhance community understanding of vasectomy
A Review on Knowledge of Diabetes, Medication Adherence, and Factors associated with Non- adherence among Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients
Full text linkBackground: This review paper addresses the critical issue of medication adherence among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review paper aims to evaluates the current literature on prevalence of medication adherence among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, assesses the level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus and its association with medication adherence. In addition, to identify and analyse the factors contributing to non-adherence to medication among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: The authors conducted a thorough literature review using databases such as ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. They focused on peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024, employing keywords related to medication adherence, knowledge, and sociodemographic factors. A total 25 studies selected for inclusion, utilizing various methodologies including quantitative, qualitative, and interventional approaches.
Results: The findings revealed significant variability in medication adherence rates among T2DM patients, ranging from 35.8% to 67.5%. Key factors influencing adherence included sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and economic status. Higher levels of diabetes knowledge were associated with better adherence, although the relationship was not universally significant, indicating that other factors also play a role.
Conclusion: The review concludes that enhancing medication adherence among T2DM patients requires targeted interventions that address identified barriers, including educational deficits and socioeconomic challenges. Further research is recommended to develop effective educational strategies tailored to diverse patient populations, ultimately aiming to improve health outcomes and adherence rates in this critical area of public health