UiS Open Journals (Univ. of Stavanger)
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Continuities and differences in a Norwegian welfare service context: Comparing conversations about financial and employment problems in 1992 and 2015
Get PDFWelfare and social work aim for social justice and self-determination, and the work is sensitive to both its institutional context and to the worker-client relationship. In this article, we re-analyse and compare two sets of collected data (Oltedal, 2000; Olsen, 2022). The data consists of institutional talks between frontline workers and clients in a Norwegian welfare-to-work-service context; the social services (Sosialkontoret) in 1992, and an integrated labour- and welfare service (NAV) in 2015.The institutional framework of the two services shares many similarities, including the overall policy goal of securing people’s financial livelihood, as well as labour market inclusion. We investigate the following question: How is moral and control dealt with in institutional welfare conversations in Norway in both 1992 and 2015, related to clients’ financial and unemployment problems? The aim of the study is to explore changes in institutional talk by identifying and discussing contextual and relational-dependent similarities and differences.
The employment control aspect is more visible in 2015 data through social workers’ emphasis on a step-by-step approach wherein measures are reframed, while social workers in 1992 are more inclined to leave it up to clients themselves to make work-life connections. While the financial control aspect is more visible in 1992 through social workers’ emphasis on the client’s moral responsibility, this is less dominant in 2015, in which social workers are acting more neutral and descriptive. The institutional discourse has changed. In 1992, the framing of the talk between frontline workers and client has a stronger moral focus than in 2015. This is due to the animator footing (Goffman, 1981), where workers bring the context and the societal perspectives regarding norms for social welfare recipients into the discussion. In 2015, the principal footing (Goffman, 1981), where the possibility for the frontline worker to voice their own judgement is more visible and the framing of the talk is more relational-dependent. Changes can also be traced back to differences in welfare policy, where the financial issue is more in focus in 1992, while welfare-to-work is more on the frontline workers agenda in 2015
Exploring the Perspectives of Key Adults towards Sibling Relationships of Children in Contact with Child Protection Services (CPS): An Integrative Review
Get PDFThis integrative literature review examines the perspectives of key adults, including social workers, foster parents, and adoptive parents, on sibling relationships of children in contact with Child Protection Services (CPS). A systematic analysis of 13 peer-reviewed papers highlights the significant role sibling relationships play in the well-being, identity development, and stability of children in care. Findings reveal that positive sibling relationships, characterized by warmth, support, and closeness, are often viewed as critical in promoting children’s resilience and sense of continuity. Consequently, both social workers and foster/adoptive parents advocate for the co-placement of siblings when relationship quality is high.
However, strained or negative sibling dynamics, including aggression, hostility, or instances of sibling sexual abuse (SSA), frequently lead to decisions for separate placements. Comprehensive therapeutic interventions and strict safety protocols are underscored as essential in such cases to address the emotional and relational needs of all parties involved. Despite the consensus on maintaining sibling bonds, challenges persist due to logistical, bureaucratic, and resource constraints. Social workers cite limited time, restrictive policies, and difficulties in locating suitable foster homes for sibling groups as barriers to supporting these relationships. Similarly, adoptive and foster parents report emotional exhaustion, complex family dynamics, and inadequate agency support as significant obstacles.
The findings underscore the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration, increased training for foster parents on sibling dynamics, and clearer documentation and communication between CPS, caregivers, and other stakeholders. Proactive strategies, including facilitating sibling contact and providing targeted interventions, are deemed critical to sustaining sibling relationships and enhancing child welfare outcomes
Flow Curves and Fluid Loss of Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Get PDFA drilling fluid must fulfill numerous functions during well drilling, ranging from particle transport, lubrication, to wall stabilization. In that aim, the composition is carefully chosen by the drilling engineer for each well section according to the required properties such as density, rheological properties, chemical stability, and fluid loss. In particular, fluid loss refers to the penetration of the liquid from the drilling fluid into the rock formation. It must be controlled and preferably avoided as it may reduce the permeability of the formation and change the fluid properties due to the depletion of the liquid. Fluids with low fluid loss can form an impermeable filter cake at the rock surface, i.e., a layer of accumulated particles on the wall of the well.
As interest in CO2 storage has increased in the last decade, the need to design drilling fluids for CO2 well drilling has arisen. Lots of knowledge is inherited from oil & gas wells, and still, CO2 wells pose new challenges. These wells should not be optimized for production (receiving fluids from the formation into the well), but for injection (injecting CO2 from the well into the rock formation). Here, we present an experimental study aiming to optimize drilling fluids\u27 rheological properties and fluid loss for CO2 wells. Flow curves are measured using a Couette cell in an Anton Paar rheometer. Fluid loss and filter cake formation are evaluated with a filter press. We investigate the effect of the fluid components on the flow curve, the fluid loss, and the filter cake mass
The user’s perspective: Rethinking the concept of work in the context of the Norwegian welfare state
Get PDFThis article deals with issues of work inclusion, with a particular focus on the user’s perspective on work, and the work inclusion policy in Norway. An expanded concept of work is applied, which includes all human activities that contribute social value to society, and not only paid work. However, work is typically seen as activities that are valued in society. One consequence of this is that some activities are hidden and devalued as work, although they contribute socially valuable means. This is the case for a range of activities performed by clients in the welfare state who contribute to fulfilling the objectives of welfare policy. The article argues that the user’s perspective is important to understand how work inclusion comprises several activities that can be seen as work. Based on data from 14 in-depth interviews with young adults currently outside the labour market due to health problems, the study elucidates how being ill and part of work inclusion programmes are not a passive existence, but rather demanding work. The overarching question addresses how the young adults perceive their situation. They wanted to enter working life, in line with hegemonic norms, but health challenges meant that they did not always succeed. Mental and physical health problems affected their everyday lives in many ways. Pain, anxiety and fatigue made their days variable and unpredictable, and limited their level of activity and pace, both in daily chores and due to work inclusion. The article discusses some implications for policy-making, as well as for social work in the front line of the welfare state. Key factors involve the need for time, understanding and counselling to establish tasks and a workload that are sustainable over time
Apokalypse nå! En undersøkelse av antroposofiske konspirasjonsfortellinger
Get PDFThe article examines how Rudolf Steiner’s anthroposophy and apocalypticism have been interpreted by anthroposophists who were confronted with Nazism in the 1930s/40s, as well as the impact these ideas have had within recent conspiracy theories related to the coronavirus. The article examines Steiner’s theodicy and how it is linked to so-called “resistance beings” who are said to have infiltrated and still infiltrate politics and technology. Discussing the term “occult imprisonment”, I reflect on the extent to which conspiracy narratives based on Steiner’s anthroposophy and apocalypticism place anthroposophy outside of time, so that it appears as a peculiar, sectarian Bessewisser culture. This is contrasted with interpretations of anthroposophy that are more commensurable with established discourses in science and culture
Rheological and Technological Aspects of UV Curing Thick Polymer Layers with Fiber Reinforcement
Get PDFUV curing allows energy-efficient and fast resin solidification for many different applications. By combining suitable photoinitiators and light-emitting diode (LED) light sources, cure depths of more than 1 mm have become available, which makes UV curing also a promising candidate for the development of innovative manufacturing technologies, including fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). This contribution suggests experimental methods that help to understand the interaction between process parameters, curing behavior, and resulting material properties of a novel UV resin. UV-rheology is used to replicate close to reality process conditions during curing as well as to analyze the underlying phenomena, including the mechanical and volumetric material behavior. When investigating thick polymer layers, opposing effects such as heat accumulation within the resin volume and limited penetration depth of the UV light need to be taken into account. Both effects will have an influence on the reaction rate and at the same time affect the optical properties of the resin. By evaluating UV-rheological experiments in conjunction with additional experimental data obtained in UV-DSC, a holistic understanding of the governing phenomena during UV curing of thick reinforced and unreinforced polymers becomes possible
Exploring Berta Alves de Sousa\u27s vocal chamber works
No full textBerta Alves de Sousa (1906–1985) remains a forgotten figure in the history of Portuguese music, despite her pivotal role as a composer of vocal chamber repertoire in the mid-20th century. This article explores her life and contributions, focusing on her art songs, which draw on Portuguese literary traditions while incorporating influences such as Germanic and French musical styles. Her works, mostly composed during the 1930s and 1940s, reflect both personal creativity and an engagement with the nationalist cultural policies of the Estado Novo. The dispersal of her manuscripts across various collections hinders the study of her compositional chronology, but her artistic evolution—from late Romanticism to Impressionism and neo-modality—is evident. The 21-song cycle Promontório Sacro (1965–66) showcases the maturity of her style, characterised by lyrical melodies, an expressive vocal style, and complex harmonic textures. This article advocates for a renewed recognition of her critical contributions to Portuguese music
Multiply unheard and rendered invisible: On the intersectionality of Gerty Landesberger alias Felice Wolmut as an exiled woman in music
Get PDFAs both gender and exile music research deal with ruptures in biographies and a scatteredness of remaining sources, women musicians affected by escape and exile are often confronted with a double erasure from music history. An example is Felice Wolmut—singer, composer, music therapist and pedagogue—whose estate lies scattered across various archives and whose story and musical creations remain unpublished to this day. Her ego documents draw a fascinating image of an intellectual musician, born in the Vienna of the Fien de Siecle, socialised in Red Vienna, who escaped Nazi Vienna and started a completely new life in exile in the USA. The sources offer insights into Wolmut\u27s views on the artistic and political developments of the time and on the violent, patriarchal societies she was part of. Her autobiography, written in the late 1970s, reveals just as much about the 80-year-old narrating Wolmut as it does about the younger, narrated Wolmut. This article is based on a critical assessment of the sources, asking how they can help construct the historical figure ‘Felice Wolmut’, a woman and a musician whose voice has historiographically been (made) forgotten
‘Land of Heart’s Desire’ – Marjory Kennedy-Fraser (1857–1930) and the Songs of the Hebrides
Get PDFMarjory Kennedy-Fraser (1857–1930), daughter of famous Scots tenor David Kennedy, was a Scottish pianist, music teacher, suffragette, and collector of Gaelic songs. She toured the world as her father’s accompanist, studied singing in Milan and Paris, and read music at the University of Edinburgh. Widowed with two children to support, she taught piano and singing in Edinburgh, becoming part of the city’s avant-garde Celtic Revival circles. After visiting Eriskay in 1905, she collected, arranged, and published the Songs of the Hebrides, in collaboration with Gaelic editor Kenneth Macleod. With English composer Granville Bantock, she created The Seal Woman: A Celtic Folk Opera, premiered in Birmingham in 1924. Maligned after her death for exploiting and misinterpreting Gaelic culture, her oeuvre vanished from recital programmes, but her consummate art song versions of Gaelic traditional songs would merit their place in the standard art song repertoire, giving presence to both Gaelic Scotland among the Late-Romantic voices from all corners of Europe and a remarkable Scotswoman among British composers
Work Hazards and Social Class among ‘successful’ ALMP-Participants in Norway
Get PDFBackground and research question. Studies of the outcomes of participation in Active Labour Market Programmes (ALMP) focus primarily on employment status or earnings. Few studies address the social class and work environment that “successful” ALMP-participants transit to. Little is also known about whether participation in different types of ALMPs leads to different social classes and work environments. This is unfortunate since many ALMP participants have health challenges and reduced work ability and thus are particularly susceptible to poor working conditions. Data and methods: Using Norwegian register data, we examined social class and exposure to hazardous working conditions, measured by a Mechanical Job Exposure Matrix and a Psychosocial Job Exposure Matrix, that characterised the jobs of “successful” ALMP participants, compared with the general work force. Results: We found that both mechanical and psychosocial job exposures in male ALMP-participants were higher than those of the general work force. For female participants, mechanical exposures were higher than the average level in the general work force, while psychosocial exposures were lower. Further, job exposures differed by ALMP type, but after adjustment for age, education and social class, only negligible differences in job exposures between ALMP types remained. Social class contributed to variation in both mechanical and psychosocial job exposures, most for mechanical exposures among male participants, and least for psychosocial exposures among female participants. Conclusion: Compared with the general working population, former ALMP participants, regardless of what type of programmes they participated in, entered lower social classes and tended to face more hazardous work environment