HAL Portal usj Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth-Liban
Not a member yet
1220 research outputs found
Sort by
Le Liban, une démographie sous contrainte géopolitique
No full textInternational audienceIn addition to its own crises, Lebanon has always absorbed those of its neighbors. This was particularly the case in 2011 when the Syrian civil war (2011-2024) began, causing several million Syrians to flee their country. They sought refuge mainly in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. Lebanon quickly took in more than a million refugees. The sudden and massive arrival of this population could change the demographic characteristics of the country.En plus de ses propres crises, le Liban a toujours absorbé celles de ses voisins. C’est notamment ce qui s’est passé en 2011 lorsque la guerre civile syrienne (2011-2024) a commencé et a conduit plusieurs millions de Syriens à fuir leur pays. C’est principalement en Turquie, en Jordanie et au Liban qu’ils se sont réfugiés. Le Liban en a ainsi rapidement accueilli plus d’un million. L'arrivée aussi soudaine que massive de cette population pourrait changer la donne démographique dans ce pays
Investigating the impact of an occupational therapy approach on occupational participation and engagement of people with disabilities in the Lebanese labor market: A single-case experimental design
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Work inclusion of people with disabilities (PWD) is a pivotal area of occupational therapy (OT). National and international legislation underlines the rights and duties of PWD concerning workplace inclusion. Despite legal frameworks promoting PWD rights in employment, significant barriers exist. Few studies have explored OT interventions in this context. This research aims to assess the impact of an OT-based job coaching intervention on PWDs’ participation and engagement in the Lebanese labor market. Method: Using an ABABA design, the study involved 27 sessions applying job coaching principles within an OT framework. Three employed individuals with disabilities, facing workplace challenges, participated. Baseline data included task execution speed and errors. Occupational participation and engagement were measured using the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. Results: OT-based job coaching effectively enhanced PWD’s participation and engagement, reducing task errors and execution time, thereby addressing some occupational challenges. Conclusion: Based on the outcomes of this study, integrating job coaching with OT approach may improve job performance for PWD. Future research should replicate these findings on a larger scale to validate their applicability in Lebanon and globally
Lower limb compensation in adult spinal deformity: can we identify different patterns?
No full textInternational audienceObjective Lower limbs can play a major compensating role for sagittal malalignment; however, little is known about the different types of compensation. This study aimed to identify different patterns of lower limb compensation and to determine which parameters may affect the recruitment of knee flexion versus hip extension. Methods This study included adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with full-body X-rays in erect position from a multicentric prospective database. All parameters were measured at baseline: demographics, clinical scores and radiographic parameters: pelvic parameters, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch, T1 pelvic angle (TPA), sacro-femoral angle (SFA), knee flexion angle (KA), ankle dorsi-flexion angle (AA), pelvic shift (PSh), hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) grade. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns of lower limb compensation based on SFA and KA. The optimal number of clusters was determined using the silhouette score. The different parameters were then compared across clusters. Results 871 ASD patients were included, of whom 66.9% were females. Mean age was 62.3±14.6 years, mean BMI was 27.7±5.5 kg.m -2 . Four patterns of lower limb compensations were identified: "No compensators", "Recliners" (mainly hip extension), "Squatters" (mainly knee flexion) and "Mixed compensators" (both)."Mixed" and "Squatters" had significantly larger BMI. The proportion of females was the least in the "Squatters" cluster (47.0%) while it was the highest in the "Recliners" group (79.3%) (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with severe hip OA was the lowest in the "Recliners" (38.5%) while it was the highest in the "Squatters" group (71.9%). Knee OA rate was the highest in the"Squatters" group (72.7%). "Mixed compensators" had the greatest PI-LL mismatch (30.4±20.0°) and "No compensators" the lowest (5.3±21.3°). Pelvic incidence values were the highest in "Recliners" and "Mixed compensators" (59.2±13.1° and 57.0±14.1° respectively). TPA values were the highest in the "Mixed compensators" and the lowest in the "No compensators" (33.3±11.7° versus 16.1±11.5°). The "Squatters" presented the significantly poorest values for disability, frailty, and SRS score. Conclusions Cluster analysis determined four types of lower limb compensation:"Recliners" using only hip extension, "Squatters" using only knee flexion,"Mixed compensators" and "No compensators". Lower limb compensatory mechanisms recruitment is multifactorial and varies with age, sex, BMI, frailty, knee and hip OA, pelvic incidence, and spinal alignment
Bridging gender gaps in entrepreneurship through diverse learning environments and change tolerance
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores how diverse learning environments (DLE) influence entrepreneurial intentions and the moderating role of gender. By integrating the theory of planned behaviour with the concept of change tolerance, we examine how DLE characterised by cultural and institutional diversity impact students’ entrepreneurial outcomes. Our findings indicate that immersive DLE enhance participants’ perceived behavioural control, fostering proactive entrepreneurial mindsets among both male and female students. Contrary to traditional research highlighting significant gender differences in entrepreneurial attitudes, our results suggest that inclusive learning contexts can mitigate these disparities. This study contributes to the understanding of gender issues in entrepreneurship by demonstrating how educational environments can promote equality and enhance self-efficacy. The implications for business schools are substantial, as fostering DLE can nurture a diverse pool of entrepreneurs, ultimately driving economic growth and social development within various cultural contexts
Animal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Diversity and validity
No full textInternational audienceAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread neurodevelopmental disorders globally, marked by chronic symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Its multifactorial origin and phenotypic heterogeneity make it a complex condition, and despite substantial research, the precise causes of ADHD remain poorly understood. A significant challenge in advancing ADHD research is the lack of a unified resource that consolidates animal models across different species and considers the diversity of ADHD subtypes and associated coexisting conditions. This lack of standardization of the models delays progress in developing a deeper understanding of the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind the disorder, which is essential to advance its treatment. This review aims to bridge this gap by offering a comprehensive compilation of available animal models used in ADHD research, accompanied by an evaluation of their validity. It is essential for researchers to have access to a range of models, each selected based on the specific scientific objectives and hypotheses of their studies. The review highlights that an extensive approach to studying ADHD, including its various dimensions and associated conditions, requires the use of multiple animal models. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of assessing the mechanisms and broader effects of current pharmacological treatments while also exploring novel therapeutic possibilities. By providing a clearer and more structured resource, this work pursues to assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate models for their investigations. Additionally, it aims to contribute to the broader understanding of ADHD neurobiology, offering new perspectives for new models and the potential for more targeted therapeutic strategies. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders globally, is marked by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. This review evaluates animal models for ADHD and its coexisting conditions, emphasizing the need for diverse models to reflect its complexity. It underscores the importance of selecting appropriate models to address specific research goals and investigates current and potential pharmacological treatments, providing a vital resource for advancing ADHD research and improving therapeutic approaches
The Development of Aramaic Writing Between Palmyra and Edessa at the Turn of the Thrid century
No full textInternational audienc
Different kinematic strategies are adopted by AIS patients during walking depending on Lenke type
No full textInternational audienceIntroductionAdolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is classically evaluated through static X-rays and health-related quality of life questionnaires that do not reflect the functional limitations of patients during daily life activities, such as walking. The aim was to investigate kinematic strategies in non-operated AIS with different types of curvature during walking using 3D gait analysis.Methods13 AIS with Lenke 5 (major Cobb: 23 ± 8°), 30 AIS with Lenke 1 (major Cobb: 40 ± 14°) in addition to 24 controls underwent biplanar X-rays followed by 3D gait analysis. The kinematic parameters of the head, trunk, spinal segments, pelvis and lower limbs were compared between groups.ResultsAIS Lenke 5 had a lumbar segment bending while walking (T12L3-L3L5: 5 ± 7° vs. -3 ± 7° in controls) to the concave side of the scoliosis. They walked with an increased pelvic frontal mobility (12 ± 3° vs. 9 ± 3°) and internal rotation of the right foot (-2 ± 6° vs. -11 ± 8°; all p < 0.05). AIS Lenke 1 increased their thoracic & lumbar segment bending to the concave and to the opposite side respectively (T6T9-T9T12: -4 ± 9° vs. 1 ± 4°; T12L3-L3L5: 8 ± 12° vs. -2 ± 7°). However, they tended to reduce their lumbo-pelvic mobility (7 ± 5° vs. 12 ± 5°; all p < 0.05).ConclusionIn response to their inherent lumbar stiffness and bending, AIS Lenke 5 patients tended to increase their pelvic frontal mobility and to develop a homolateral internal foot rotation, ensuring a dynamic alignment during gait. AIS Lenke 1, by producing opposite bending movement at the thoracic and lumbar segments, tended to reduce their lumbo-pelvic mobility and ensure coronal dynamic alignment
In vitro anticancer activity of prodeoxyviolacein produced by Yarrowia lipolytica through fermentation and predicted pharmacological properties compared with violacein derivatives
No full textInternational audienceMicrobial dyes, known for their biological activities, have been considered as an eco-friendly alternative to the toxic chemicals widely used in various industrial fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and cosmetics. The green dye prodeoxyviolacein was produced by fermentation using an engineered strain of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, extracted using a mixture of ethanol/water/acetic acid. Prodeoxyviolacein showed an antiproliferative effect against MCF-7 cancer cell line. The apoptotic and cell cycle arresting capacities of the dye applied at the IC50 concentration were then assessed. Prodeoxyviolacein dye increased early cell apoptosis by arresting cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase. Violacein derivatives displayed comparable bioavailability characteristics. Derivatives had various predicted targets, among which kinases were the main common enzyme group. Docking studies showed prodeoxyviolacein to bind to the active site of tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C used as the main cancer therapeutic targets. Although structurally close, only prodeoxyviolacein displayed predicted blood–brain barrier penetrability due to its lower molecular weight and topological polar surface area. This fact might favor its use in the development of drugs to treat brain tumors. Prodeoxyviolacein is a new promising anticancer candidate with favorable pharmacokinetic properties
De-dollarization Strategies: Lessons from Past Experiences
No full textThe adoption of a foreign currency as a substitute to local currencies by economic agents, usually called dollarization, is a major challenge faced by governments and their fiscal and monetary authorities going through crises. This paper presents a review of the fiscal, monetary and administrative actions undertaken by “dollarized” countries throughout our recent history. It aims at defining the sequence and list of the best practices to be adopted to de-dollarize and reverse a trend that undermine the trust in local currency and in sovereignity, and could affect financial and economic stability