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Nuevos espacios virtuales: sociedad, cultura y negocios, ¿real o virtual?
No full textNuevos escenarios de la comunicación y la opinión públic
The Social Construction of Body Rejection: How Social Media, Family, and Peers Shape Adolescent Fatphobia
No full textEste estudio analiza la relación entre los niveles de gordofobia en adolescentes españoles (12-17 años) y la presión percibida sobre el cuerpo desde tres fuentes principales: redes sociales, familia y grupo de pares. Con una muestra de 1082 adolescentes, se aplicaron escalas validadas para medir la gordofobia y la presión ejercida por cada grupo. Los resultados destacan que la presión desde las redes sociales se asocia significativamente con mayores niveles de gordofobia. La presión familiar muestra un papel dual, pudiendo tanto mitigar como incrementar la gordofobia en función del contexto social y familiar específico, mientras que la presión de los pares presenta una relación menos clara, aunque significativa. Estos hallazgos permiten subrayar la necesidad de abordar críticamente el impacto diferenciado de las distintas fuentes de presión sobre la imagen corporal, sugiriendo implicaciones para programas educativos y políticas sociales que busquen reducir la gordofobia en esta población especialmente vulnerable.This study examines the relationship between levels of fatphobia in
Spanish adolescents (aged 12-17) and perceived body pressure from
three main sources: social media, family, and peer group. Using a
sample of 1,082 adolescents, validated scales were applied to measure
fatphobia and the pressure exerted by each group. The results show
that pressure from social media is significantly associated with higher
levels of fatphobia. Family pressure plays a dual role, potentially
mitigating or increasing fatphobia depending on the specific social
and familial context, while peer pressure presents a less linear but still
significant relationship. These findings highlight the need to critically
address the differentiated impact of these sources of pressure on body
image, and suggest implications for educational programs and social
policies aimed at reducing fatphobia in this particularly vulnerable
population.Comunicació
Employment sentiment behavior during European economic crises: Time trends and persistence analysis
Full text linkThis study analyzes employment sentiment dynamics in the Euro Area during recessions using long memory models and time–frequency causality tests. Results show strong persistence in expectations and evidence of bidirectional causality with recession indicators. Employment sentiment serves as a short- and medium-term predictor of recessions, while downturns have lasting effects on labor market perceptions. These findings highlight the relevance of sentiment indicators for macroeconomic forecasting and policy design.Empres
Constitución de las américas. Carta democrática interamericana
Full text linkLa vigencia de la democracia, los derechos humanos y el Estado de Derecho se constituyen en la actualidad en las condiciones fundamentales para el relacionamiento de los Estados soberanos dentro de la comunidad internacional, son requisitos indispensables para la admisión y permanencia de los países dentro de los organismos internacionales intergubernamentales o supranacionales de carácter subregional, regional o mundial.Ciencias Jurídica
A perfectionism, mental health and vulnerability to injury in triathletes
Full text linkBackground: Triathlon is a highly demanding and continuously growing sport in
continuous growth. Due to its complexity, it often exposes the triathlete to a mental
and physical load that is difficult to manage and exposes the athlete to sporting
injury. Many triathletes are increasingly developing problems related to mental
health and because of this, a greater vulnerability to suffer a sports injury is being
observed.
Methods: The study sample included 172 triathletes (66.27% men, 33.72%
women) categorized as Amateur, Youth, or Elite. Mean age: Amateur 40.19 ± 8.35,
Youth 19.50 ± 2.63, Elite 30.38 ± 8.77. Weekly training: Amateur 5.63 ± 1.07 h,
Youth 5.52 ± 1.28 h, Elite 6.58 ± 0.67 h. Daily training: Amateur 2.16 ± 1.66 h,
Youth 2.38 ± 2.12 h, Elite 3.02 ± 2.00 h. Data collection involved administering
a questionnaire assessing personal and sports-related variables, injury history,
and mental health indicators. The psychological assessment included the
Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
Scales (DASS-21), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The study design is
descriptive-cross-sectional and has a retrospective character.
Results: Significant positive correlations were found between TNL and TGSP
across participants level, with the strongest correlation observed among youth
athletes. Maladaptive perfectionism exhibited a weak negative correlation with
TGSP in amateur athletes. Additionally, depression and stress were positively
associated with TNL and TGSP, particularly in elite and youth athletes. Emotional
state analysis showed that tension and depression were positively correlated
with TNL and TGSP, whereas vigor was negatively correlated in elite athletes.
Conclusion: These findings suggest a significant relationship between mental
health and sports injuries, indicating that psychological distress not only
contributes to injury risk but may also prolong recovery time in triathletes.Psicología y Ciencias de la Salu
Micro-influencers: An emerging profession not yet recognized, with a tarnished reputation
Full text linkInfluencer marketing is a rapidly expanding industry. This qualitative study examines microinfluencers (those with up to 100,000 followers) through 30 in-depth interviews to understand
their perceptions of their profession’s reputation, potential improvements, and the level of
professionalization within the field. Excessive commercialization and the mismatch between
advertised products and the micro-influencer’s profile are identified as the primary factors
damaging their reputation. In terms of professionalization, it is common for compensation to be
limited to products, which 60% of interviewees consider unfair. Despite these challenges, microinfluencers are eager learners, consistently striving to stay updated in various domains.Comunicació
Los retos actuales del sistema democrático y su relación entre empresas y anunciantes: El activismo corporativo a través del caso ING
Full text linkEn nuestros días las empresas están tomando cada vez más relevancia tomando
los medios de comunicación online y offline como vehículo para el posicionamiento ciudadano. El
objetivo de este estudio es poner de manifiesto el concepto de activismo corporativo y el impacto
que supone en la democracia a través del estudio del caso de ING. Como principal contribución
se encuentra proporcionar las bases teóricas del activismo corporativo y una reflexión sobre el
papel de empresas y medios de comunicación. Su principal limitación es ser un caso descriptivo
que puede ser parte de una investigación más amplia, con casos similares posteriores.Nowadays, companies are becoming more and more relevant, using online and
offline media as a vehicle for citizen positioning. The objective of this study is to highlight the
concept of corporate activism and the impact it has on democracy through the study of the
ING case. Its main contribution is to provide the theoretical basis of corporate activism and a
reflection on the role of companies and the media. Its main limitation is that it is a descriptive
case that can be part of a broader research, with similar cases later.Ciencias Jurídica
European CO₂ emissions persistence analysis: A comparative IPCC-contributor study with fractional integration
No full textThis paper investigates the persistence of CO2 emissions in the largest European economies (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands) from 1970 to 2023 by using a fractional integration framework. With this purpose, we contribute to the existing literature by investigating two research questions. First, to assess persistence in the specific subsectors, organized by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) standard categories; and second, to study their cross-country and cross-sectoral long-term and short-term relationships. The main findings suggest clear evidence of persistent patterns in emissions and their associated components, with a significant negative trend in all cases except France. Regarding the relationship between crossed components, we find evidence that transportation and industry demonstrate a high degree of correlation, yet no evidence of cointegration is observed. Conversely, waste shows a high level of cointegration across countries but no correlation. We find different patterns for the remaining components, with no discernible relationship observed across sectors within a single country or across different countries for the same sector. These findings suggest that despite the EU's substantial commitment to reducing carbon emissions, there appears to be no coordinated strategy across the different countries to fully implement these policies.Empres
A heuristic model for the cost of capital of healthcare facilities: estimates for five countries
Full text linkBackground
The healthcare industry has seen increasing demand, making it an attractive sector for long-term investment. Investors typically assess feasibility through an investment evaluation process that includes calculating the cost of capital and net present value. However, existing research has primarily focused on cost of capital methodologies for large corporations, often overlooking small and medium-sized enterprises. This study aimed to address that gap by proposing a simplified model to estimate the cost of capital for healthcare facilities, with particular emphasis on smaller organizations. The model incorporated key explanatory variables, including investment magnitude, organizational size, administrative expertise, and the geographical region of investment. To illustrate its applicability, we provided estimates for Chile, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.
Methods
We reviewed existing research on techniques for estimating capital costs for healthcare facilities. Building on these foundations, we developed an approach that is straightforward, adaptable, and based on publicly accessible data. Our method segmented the cost of capital into two components: (i) risks associated with the country and sector in which the investment is made, and (ii) supplementary risks arising from the investment’s scale, age, or stage of development.
Results
We provided a detailed explanation of the proposed method and presented numerical estimates of the cost of capital for healthcare facilities of various sizes across several countries. The final quantitative assessments of the cost of capital ranged from 14.6% and higher, depending on the specific attributes of the investments.
Conclusion
This study introduced a novel, straightforward, and user-friendly method for estimating capital costs in the healthcare sector. The model accounted for various factors influencing investment risk, including investment size, the experience level of the management team, and the country of investment. In summary, the approach supports the estimation of the cost of capital for healthcare facility investments and can be used by policymakers and healthcare leaders to make informed decisions on new investments.Empres
Survey on the Digital Markets Act: 2024, Compliance Starts
No full textThe European Union (EU)’s Digital Markets Act (DMA or the regulation)1 entered into force in November 2022, and its rules started to apply six months later, in May 2023. From that date on, the firms meeting the quantitative thresholds set out in Article 3(2) DMA had two months to notify the European Commission (EC) of their status as a ‘gatekeeper’.2 Given the regulation’s need for speediness, the EC issued its first six designation decisions in September 2023.3 In accordance with Article 3(10) DMA, the designation of these first six gatekeepers (Alphabet, also known as Google, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, also known as TikTok, Meta, and Microsoft) meant that they ought to comply with the regulation’s substantive provisions, ie Articles 5, 6, and 7 (‘obligations for gatekeepers’), by March 2024. The compliance reports covering the gatekeeper’s transformations as a consequence of the application of the DMA’s obligations were also due that same date. All gatekeepers complied with the obligation of submitting their compliance reports under Article 11 DMA, even though some of the transformations to their business models were more comprehensive than others.4 For instance, both Amazon and Apple were quite short for words in demonstrating their compliance with the DMA in their non-confidential versions of their compliance reports, whereas Microsoft and Alphabet were much more detailed in the evidence they submitted to the EC and the public.Ciencias Jurídica