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Production of laccase by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger for treatment of textile effluent
No full textThe improper disposal of textile effluents without effective treatment has adverse environmental, social, economic, and health impacts and as such, it is vital to find innovative technological solutions to reduce the negative consequences of textile effluents. Laccases are versatile multicopper enzymes found in plants, fungi and other microorganisms with wide applications especially in the textile and paper industry. This study examined the production of laccase from Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger to remediate textile effluent. Both organisms were identified by molecular method and plate test method was used to evaluate laccase production by the two organisms. Rice bran emerged as the substrate of choice for laccase production. At optimum temperature (30°C), the highest laccase produced was 0.522 U/mL and 0.642 U/mL at 35°C for B. subtilis and A. niger respectively. The optimum pH level of 5 and 6 produced the highest laccase yield of 0.583 U/mL and 0.684 U/mL respectively. Significant improvements of laccases from B. subtilis and A. niger were observed on physicochemical analysis of TDS, pH, electrical conductivity, TSS, temperature and DO in treating textile effluent. Notably, these enzymes exhibited remarkable efficacy reduction in BOD (38 %), COD (14 %), and nitrate (23 %) levels in the effluent. The study underscores the efficacy of laccases from the microorganisms in treating textile effluent, with concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 U/mL proving effective. However, laccase produced from B. subtilis showed more remediation potential in textile effluent treatment compared to the one produced by A. nige
Identification of methyl 18-methylnonadecanoate and bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate as potential anticancer agents in Nauclea latifolia Smith through in silico molecular modeling and simulations
No full textThis study aims to explore the anticancer potential of compounds derived from Nauclea latifolia Smith using molecular docking and pharmacokinetic analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 25 bioactive compounds from the ethanol extract of N. latifolia leaves. Among these, methyl 18-methylnonadecanoate and bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate were selected for further investigation due to their promising anticancer properties. The compounds were subjected to in silico molecular docking against two key cancer-related protein targets, ADAM17 and MAPK14, both implicated in cancer progression. The results revealed strong binding affinities for both compounds, suggesting potential inhibition of these targets. Pharmacokinetic profiling using Swiss ADMET indicated favorable drug-like properties, including high gastrointestinal absorption and non-carcinogenicity. These findings suggest that N. latifolia compounds, particularly methyl 18-methylnonadecanoate and bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, hold promises as candidates for anticancer therapy. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is required to confirm their efficacy and safety for therapeutic applications
HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF RED SOKOTO GOATS FED VARIOUS LEVELS OF EARTHWORM MEAL-BASED DIETS
No full textBlood is essential to life and it is vital for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to every cell of the body for metabolism purposes. Hence, blood samples were collected from thirty (30) healthy Red Sokoto goats fed an earthworm meal-based diet with ten goats per treatment constituting a replicate in a Completely Randomized design model to evaluate the influence of various levels of Earthworm Meal (EWM) based diets [Control diet (A) 0% EWM), 3% (B) and 6% (C)] on their haemato-biochemical profile. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein of the experimental animals on the last day of the study for the determination of hematology parameters [Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCH]. The Serum indices [Glucose, ALT, AST, ALP, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin] were also assessed. All haematobiochemical procedures were determined following the standard methods. The results showed significant variations (p0.05) enhanced with the accelerated levels of EWM in Diet C. Total Protein concentration and Albumin values significantly (p<0.05) ranged between 7.67 and 8.67 and 25.56-278.33 respectively. Additionally, Glucose levels
increased significantly as the levels of EWM increased in the experimental diets. The ALT and ALP reduced significantly (p0.05). The report concluded that goat farmers may include 6% EWM in the diet of red Sokoto goats since it showed no
health implication on the hematological and Serum biochemical indices of the animalsTETFUND/ INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, MALAYSI
In, Sesan Abiodun Aransiola, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Naga Raju Maddela, Udeme Joshua Josiah Ijah, Bangeppagari Manjunatha (eds.) Marine Greens: Environmental, Agricultural, Industrial and Biomedical Applications.
No full textThe world has been witnessing an unprecedented release of greenhouse gas emissions, notably CO2 (which accounts for 68% of greenhouse gases), into the environment, especially from anthropogenic sources. This has had a deleterious impact on different ecosystems and even humans. Different strategies, including physical methods such as ocean storage, biochar burial, and geological sequestration; chemical methods such as chemical scrubbing and mineral carbonization; and biological land-based processes such as agriculture, reforestation, and photosynthetic microorganisms, have been explored with little success. In order to curb this menace, ocean-based strategies using two major types of marine greens (macro- and microalgae) have been highlighted to play crucial roles in mitigating climate change and global warming. Marine greens are excellent at sequestering carbon from the environment. Marine greens play crucial roles in mitigating climate change and global warming by capturing carbon from stationary sources, which can then be used to produce useful chemicals and even generate energy
In, Naga Raju Maddela, Sesan Abiodun Aransiola, Chizoba I. Ezugwu, Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter Eller, Laura Scalvenzi, Fangang Meng (eds.), Microbial Biotechnology for Bioenergy
No full textThe ever-increasing human population and industrialization has increased the energy demands globally. This has resulted in several challenges such as depletion of fossil fuels, environmental degradation, and erratic energy supply. Therefore, there is a great need to enhance energy generation in a sustainable manner to fulfill the demand of energy and subsequently safeguard against the related challenges. Hence, ecofriendly approaches are significant. Bioenergy has received an exceptionally noticeable attention; it has emerged as a feasible and sustainable alternative to the conventional modes of energy generation involving fossil fuels because it mitigates against undesirable effects of greenhouse gas emissions produced by fossil fuels since it utilizes lignocellulosic biomass and wastes. Biotechnology is a promising technology that has revolutionized the field of bioenergy production, enabling considerable improvement in the yield, quality, and sustainability of bioenergy products. The major bioenergies produced are bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas. Commonly, bioenergy is produced mainly through saccharification and fermentation processes using different microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae. Modern biotechnological techniques such as genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and metabolic engineering are utilized to modify the genetic characteristics of energy-producing plants to enhance the biomass yield and also increase the quality of the bioenergy. However, the combination of multiple genetic engineering technologies is considered the best for optimizing and obtaining the desired bioenergy. This chapter examined the current status, challenges, and future prospects of biotechnology in bioenergy production and also discussed the associated challenges and opportunities
Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Adult Nigerians.
No full textObjective: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable, non-invasive indicator of autonomic balance. Its application in research and clinical medicine is hindered by the lack of consensus on normal values. This study sought to bridge this gap by providing normative values for short-term HRV measures in apparently healthy young adults.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine short-term HRV measures using a 5-minute ECG recording among 840 healthy young adult Nigerians.
Results: A total of 840 subjects between the ages of 15 - 40 years participated in the study, the majority of whom were women (56%). Mean (±SD) RR (ms), SDNN (ms), RMSSD (ms), LF (ms2), HF (ms2), LF (nu), HF (nu), and LF/HF were 831 (±138), 48 (±35), 57 (±49), 949 (±2598), 1802(±5135), 41 (±19), 58.90 (±19), and 1.42 (±4.6) respectively. Male participants had significantly higher mean RR (890.8 v 782.0, p<0.001), SDNN (52.4 v 43.8, p<0.005), RMSSD (63.6 v 50.9, p<0.005), LF (1218.5 v 731.8, p<0.001) and HF (2260.5 v 1429.5, p=0.002) than the female participants. No significant differences were found across age groups.
Conclusion: Short-term resting HRV shows gender differences and higher vagally-mediated components among healthy young adults of native African descent. Interpretation of HRV parameters should take into account the age, gender, context, spectral analysis method, and duration of recording, among other factors.A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine short-term HRV measures using a 5-minute ECG recording among 840 healthy young adult Nigerians.Short-term resting HRV shows gender differences and higher vagally-mediated components among healthy young adults of native African descent. Interpretation of HRV parameters should take into account the age, gender, context, spectral analysis method, and duration of recording, among other factors
Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles to Bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases: A Review
No full textNeurological disorders are increasing exponentially and at an alarming rate, affecting great number of people globally. Normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on the blood-brain barrier's (BBB) integrity. Therapeutic amount of some drugs cannot reach the brain; therefore majority of effective pharmaceuticals that have been produced for the treatment of neurological illnesses have subpar therapeutic results. Due to lack of targeted drug delivery mechanism, there is a large concentration of these drugs in the body's essential organs, and this might be harmful to the body. To surmount this challenge, patients are given high doses of medication in an effort to reach the brain more quickly, which ultimately causes off-target organ toxicity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop effective treatments for neurological disorders. Nano systems for drug delivery have been investigated because of their targeting capabilities. Chitosan is a natural polymer that is frequently used to create drug delivery nano-systems. Because of its special qualities, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties, it enables targeted therapy without posing any hazardous risks. Recently, drug delivery nano-systems, hydrogels, and scaffolds made of chitosan have been employed to treat several neurological conditions. This review will concentrate on brain-targeting nanoparticles made of chitosan
Marine Bioprospecting for Sustainable Blue-bioeconomy,
No full textThis volume comprehensively discusses marine bioprospecting and its applications in the marine bioeconomy, specifically in clean energy generation, and in biomedical, industrial and agricultural sectors. The advent of modern technology, particularly advancements in deep-sea exploration and biotechnology, has enabled scientists to delve deeper into the ocean's depths and discover a treasure trove of unique organisms and compounds. This demonstrates that the rich history of human interactions with the oceans is firmly ingrained in marine bioprospecting. The blue-economy, which is a more accurate name for the systematic search for valuable substances and organisms in the water, has gained popularity in recent years as a possible route for sustainable economic development. One of the key driving factors behind marine bioprospecting is the growing realization that marine organisms possess unique biochemical compounds with the potential to revolutionize various industries. These compounds include novel enzymes, antimicrobial agents, bioactive molecules, and even potential pharmaceuticals. Readers will learn about the applications of these discoveries in bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production, as well as the identification of natural substitutes for things that are detrimental to the environment, which include biodegradable plastics derived from marine microorganisms. The primary audience for the book will be governmental and international organizations, professionals, and economists, while the secondary audience will be professors and researchers in the fields of Chemistry, Biotechnology, Environmental Microbiology, and general Ocean Sciences
