Social, Ecology, Economy for Sustainable Development Goals Journal
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Sustainable ecotourism in small island destinations: A strategic planning perspective
No full textBackground: The sustainable development of coastal ecotourism requires context-specific strategies that balance economic opportunities with ecological preservation. Sahara Beach in Longa Village, Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi Regency, holds significant potential as an ecotourism destination but remains underdeveloped. This study aims to design a strategic development plan to enhance its competitiveness and sustainability. Methods: A mixed-method approach was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. SWOT analysis served as the primary tool to identify internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats, thereby guiding the formulation of strategic priorities for sustainable ecotourism planning. Finding: The findings reveal that the Strengths–Opportunities (S-O) aggressive strategy offers the most effective pathway for Sahara Beach’s development. Key strategic priorities include: (1) strengthening digital-based promotional campaigns to broaden market reach and increase tourist arrivals, and (2) leveraging government support alongside cross-sectoral partnerships to accelerate the improvement of infrastructure and tourism facilities. These strategies are designed to simultaneously enhance ecological conservation, socio-cultural preservation, and economic benefits for local communities. Conclusion: This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in Wakatobi, highlighting the value of SWOT-based approaches in ecotourism planning. Beyond its local application, the study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable coastal tourism across small island regions. Ultimately, Sahara Beach has the potential to emerge as a competitive and resilient ecotourism hub while delivering meaningful socio-economic outcomes for surrounding communities. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in its application of a SWOT-based mixed-method approach specifically tailored for small-island coastal ecotourism planning in Indonesia
Linking maritime security and sustainability: Naval strategy and multilateral engagements toward SDG 14 and SDG 16
No full textBackground: Indonesia’s strategic position between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, particularly at the Sunda and Lombok Straits, makes it a key actor in Indo-Pacific maritime security. Amid growing global geopolitical rivalries, this study analyzes Indonesia’s efforts to balance defense interests, strategic neutrality, and regional cooperation. This focus supports the achievement of SDG 16 and SDG 14 through transparent, collaborative, and sustainable maritime governance. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed using document analysis of Indonesia’s defense policies and regional security cooperation frameworks. Findings: Indonesia is actively modernizing its naval capabilities and enhancing maritime domain awareness. Despite challenges such as resource limitations and coordination inefficiencies, the country balances strategic neutrality with multilateral engagement. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the strategic importance of managing the Sunda and Lombok Straits to balance maritime security and environmental sustainability. Indonesia’s naval posture through capacity, neutrality, and cooperation supports sovereignty, stability, and SDG 14 and 16. The paper calls for specific policies, including regional governance mechanisms, sustainability clauses in defense cooperation, and integration of naval and conservation policies to strengthen Indonesia’s role as a sustainable and resilient global maritime fulcrum. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers new insights into the dynamic relationship between Indonesia’s national defense strategies and the complex geopolitical realities of the Indo-Pacific maritime region, highlighting the balance between sovereignty, neutrality, and multilateralism
Siri’ na Pacce cultural transformation and blue economy for social and cultural resilience towards the golden generation of 2045
No full textBackground: This study develops a conceptual model that integrates maritime cultural revitalization and indigenous ethics with digital transformation and sustainable economic strategies to address the socio-ecological threats faced by the Patorani fishing community. By bridging traditional values and modern innovations, this study provides a strategic framework for coastal resilience that is aligned with Indonesia's Golden Generation 2045 vision. Methods: This article employs a structured, integrative literature review that synthesizes existing scholarship on maritime heritage, community ethics, digital innovation, blue economy frameworks, and coastal sustainability. Relevant theoretical perspectives were identified and analyzed to establish linkages between cultural systems, technological adaptation, and socioeconomic development. Unlike empirical studies, this conceptual work aims to consolidate theoretical components, identify gaps in current literature, and propose an interdisciplinary framework for coastal resilience. Findings: The review reveals that maritime traditions are experiencing significant erosion due to environmental pressures such as declining fish stocks, pollution, and coastal degradation, as well as socio-cultural challenges including shifting generational preferences and the commodification of cultural symbols. Despite these pressures, the indigenous ethical framework of Siri’ na Pacce remains a strong yet underutilized form of moral capital that can guide ethical innovation, social cohesion, and community-based governance. Digital technologies such as e-commerce, digital storytelling, virtual cultural festivals, and online knowledge platforms offer new opportunities to strengthen youth engagement, expand economic access, and revitalize cultural identity. The integration of technologically driven practices with cultural ethics and blue economy principles shows strong potential to enhance livelihood sustainability and ecosystem stewardship. Conclusion: The study concludes that sustainable coastal development must be culturally grounded, technologically adaptive, and environmentally responsible to remain relevant in the contemporary era. Novelty/Originality of this article: The primary novelty of this research lies in its formulation of the Patorani 5.0 model, which for the first time unites cultural revitalization, ethical values, digital transformation, and blue economy strategies into an integrated conceptual framework, addressing scholarly gaps that previously treated these domains in isolation
The dynamics governance of renewable energy in rural: Insights from Indonesia
No full textBackground: Renewable energy in rural areas is a complex issue with interactive effects, thus reveals the dynamics of governance barriers in Indonesia that have not been resolved since the responsibility through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) initiative framework was delegated to local (rural) governments to be actualized in the field, but if seen in reality the results have not been significant, so that the expected goals have not been achieved consistently. Methods: The study applied a qualitative descriptive approach and content analysis to investigate, comprehend, and analyze the dynamic governance of renewable energy in rural areas, with a special focus on Indonesia. Finding: The key findings reveal that crumbling governance is the main issue at the central-local level structure in actualizing the renewable energy initiative. Hence, policy misalignment, duplicated efforts, and inefficient initiatives affect the governance dynamics. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Indonesian government (central-local) must intensify the institutional frameworks, foster stakeholder collaboration, simplify regulatory processes, and assist local capacity building to move forward. These steps will enable more efficient, responsive, and sustainable renewable energy governance in rural areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty contributes to the broad scientific implications of renewable energy as a governance framework to elicit prosperity for the community in rural areas of Indonesia and other developing countries based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for affordable and clean energy prospects
Reformulation of anti-money laundering policy on crypto assets through the integrated criminal justice system with global regulatory standards
No full textBackground: The emergence of crypto assets as a digital asset has transformed the global financial system, offered innovation but also generated new risks, particularly money laundering (ML). In Indonesia, crypto assets are not recognized as legal tender but has shifted from being classified as a commodity under Bappebti to a digital financial asset under the supervision of OJK through the enactment of the P2SK Law, PP No.49/2024, and POJK No.27/2024. However, the current Anti Money Laundering (AML) framework, especially UU PPTPPU, has not fully integrated Financial Action Task Force (FAFT) recommendations, especially regarding Virtual Assets (VA) and Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP). Method: This study employs a doctrinal legal research method utilizing statute, comparative, and conceptual approaches to analyze the reformulation of the Indonesian Anti-Money Laundering Law (UU PPTPPU) in alignment with Lawrence Friedman’s legal system theory. The analysis follows a deductive logic by synthesizing primary and secondary legal materials to develop a policy framework that integrates an Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) with machine learning technology for detecting crypto-based money laundering. Finding: Findings reveal that the absence of VA and VASP in UU PPTPPU creates legal gaps that may be exploited by criminals. Reformulation is urgently needed by incorporating VA and VASP definitions, strengthening reporting obligations, and integrating technology such as machine learning in the PPATK’s goAML platform. Conclusion: An Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS) model is required to harmonize regulation, institutional coordination, and law enforcement culture. Such a framework is expected to create an adaptive AML system against cryptocurrency-based ML while maintaining financial integrity and supporting sustainable economic development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research introduces a "techno-legal" transition model for Indonesia’s AML regime, bridging the legislative gap between the new P2SK Law and the outdated UU PPTPPU
Empowering waste recycling through technology: A case study of the octopus social movement
Full text linkBackground: Garbage is a serious problem that can have a negative impact on the environment and its surroundings, the large amount of waste produced in Bekasi reaches 6 million tons per year, making West Java one of the provinces with the most waste generation in 2022. This has become one of the triggers for the Octopus initiative in engage in social movements in the environmental field. Octopus is present in a new social movement by launching and developing a digital-based recycling waste management application. Based on these problems, this research is aimed at analyzing the Octopus social movement in managing recycled waste in the era of society 5.0. Methods: Based on these problems, this research is aimed at analyzing the Octopus social movement in managing recycled waste in the era of society 5.0. The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Findings: The results of the study explained that the new social movement carried out by Octopus was fairly effective, this was shown in the number of Octopus application users reaching nearly 200 thousand users spread across Jakarta, South Tangerang, Bandung, Bali and Makassar including Bekasi. This application also works with more than 1,700 unit waste banks and 14,600 scavengers who have been trained to become conservationists. Conclusion: Using applications is an effective alternative to mobilize people to be aware of environmental problems, especially waste issues. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty in this research is the use of technology used by Octopus in organizing the communit
Determinants of tax compliance among MSMEs in the food and beverage sector: The role of knowledge, awareness, and sanctions
Full text linkBackground: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia’s food and beverage sector often struggle with tax compliance, particularly regarding the 0.5% Final Income Tax (PPh Final). The complexity of tax regulations, limited knowledge, and negative perceptions contribute to low utilization of tax incentives and reduced compliance levels. Understanding the behavioral and structural factors that influence compliance is essential for developing effective tax policy interventions. Methods: The study employed a quantitative research method with a mixed-methods approach. It focused on analyzing the effects of three main variables—tax knowledge, taxpayer awareness, and tax sanctions—on MSME tax compliance. Data were collected from MSME taxpayers in Jakarta's food and beverage sector and analyzed using statistical techniques to assess both partial and simultaneous relationships. Findings: The findings reveal that tax knowledge has a significant positive effect on tax compliance. However, taxpayer awareness and tax sanctions individually do not significantly affect tax compliance. Simultaneously, tax knowledge, taxpayer awareness, and tax sanctions have a significant influence on tax compliance. Conclusion: The study concludes that tax education is the most crucial factor in increasing MSME compliance. Simply raising awareness or imposing sanctions is insufficient without trust, understanding, and fair policy application. Policymakers are encouraged to expand tax education programs, improve communication with taxpayers, and ensure consistent enforcement. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research provides a nuanced view of tax compliance behavior among MSMEs by integrating psychological, legal, and educational perspectives. Furthermore, it proposes future exploration of social norms and taxpayer perceptions—an area often overlooked in quantitative compliance studies—making it a valuable contribution to the literature on behavioral public finance
Techno-economic assessment of rooftop solar photovoltaic integration for institutional energy efficiency and sustainability enhancement
Full text linkBackground : This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of an on-grid rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system for the Postgraduate Building of the University of Papua, West Papua, Indonesia. Amid rising energy demands and limited renewable energy utilization in the region, this research addresses the need for sustainable electricity solutions. Methods: The system was designed using Helioscope software, considering solar radiation, shading, and local climate data. The proposed configuration consists of 14 polycrystalline solar modules (320 Wp each) and one SMA Sunny Tripower 5.0 kW inverter. Results: Simulation results indicate that the system can produce approximately 5,660 kWh annually, covering 19% of the building’s electricity consumption. The estimated initial investment of Rp 137,200,000 yields annual savings of Rp 9,617,740, resulting in a payback period of 14 years and 2 months. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the viability of rooftop solar power systems for reducing energy costs and enhancing sustainability in remote areas. The project serves as a replicable model for academic institutions seeking to adopt renewable energy technologies. Novelty: This study provides a localized case of solar PV deployment in West Papua, contributing empirical insights to regions with limited renewable energy integration and offering a practical approach to energy transition in underserved areas
Towards a sustainable blue economy: An evaluation of Indonesia's post-production non-tax state revenue policy using Dunn’s criteria
No full textBackground: The Government of Indonesia has regulated the Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP PHP) policy in relation to the vision of developing a blue economy-based capture fisheries sector. The policy aims to make a substantial transformation in the fiscal policy landscape. This study attempts to evaluate the PNBP Post-Production policy using Dunn's three policy evaluation criteria. Methods: In relation to these objectives, the researcher uses a post-positivist approach to obtain research results. Data collection was conducted through qualitative methods with several stages, namely in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Findings: The results show that the Post-Production PNBP policy can provide benefits for payers and tax authorities because PNBP is levied on the weight of real catches, not on estimates as regulated by Pre-Production PNBP. However, the PNBP policy does not meet Dunn's three criteria related to effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness. Based on the efficiency criterion, the policy is burdensome for payers and tax authorities. PNBP policy when viewed from the criteria of justice has fulfilled the benefit receive principle. However, the tariff index has not fulfilled the principle of nondiscrimination due to the differentiation of tariffs between vessel sizes which is no longer relevant. Conclusion: The government needs to further evaluate the policy of the Non-Tax State Revenue Policy for Collection of Fishery Products (PNBP PHP) in order to support the development of the capture fisheries sector based on the blue economy, at least the Post-Production PNBP policy must fulfill the three Dunn criteria. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research suggests the adoption of technology in each port that can meet the criteria of policy effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, it is necessary to reformulate the tariff index to meet the criteria of fairness
The contribution of empowered women programs in promoting gender equality for sustainable development goals
No full textBackground: The low representation of women at the village level has prompted various demands for women to be given space for participation. Wahid Foundation is one of the organizations focused on women's issues, which led the researcher to choose the title The Contribution of Wahid Foundation in the Empowered Women Program Toward Gender Equality in Durenseribu Village, Depok. Methods: This research employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis. The interviews were conducted with seven respondents, including representatives from the Working Group of Durenseribu Village, youth representatives, women's group representatives, the village government, the regional coordinator for Peaceful Villages in West Java Province, and the Program Officer of Wahid Foundation. Theories applied in this research include the theory of contribution, social service theory, program theory, women's theory, gender equality theory, welfare state theory, and policy theory. Findings: The findings of this research indicate that Wahid Foundation’s contribution through the Empowered Women program towards gender equality in Durenseribu, as a pioneer in achieving one of the Sustainable Development Goals, aligns well with the applied theories. Conclusion: Gender equality within the Empowered Women program in Durenseribu is progressing well, although there are some challenges in the implementation of the program. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights how Wahid Foundation has succeeded in becoming a pioneer in promoting gender equality at the village level through the Empowered Women program, as well as its contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals at the local level