Jurnal Bisnis Kehutanan dan Lingkungan
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Bridging local perceptions and co-creation for sustainable payment environmental services design: A framework for innovative forest financing
No full textBackground: Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has emerged as a crucial conservation instrument supporting climate change mitigation efforts in tropical regions. Although PES initiatives have been implemented in several parts of Indonesia, their distribution remains uneven, particularly in Eastern Indonesia such as Buton Island. Given the island’s distinctive topography, rich biodiversity, and the presence of the North Buton Wildlife Reserve, the region holds significant potential for developing PES schemes that address ongoing threats such as illegal logging and habitat degradation. Methods: This study explores local community perspectives in North Buton regarding future PES development, focusing on three interconnected dimensions: ecological, socio-economic, and cultural. Using a co-creation and knowledge-sharing framework to promote participatory policy design, data were collected over two months in three sub-districts North Kulisusu, West Kulisusu, and North Wakorumba through surveys with 227 respondents and complementary stakeholder interviews. Findings: Findings revealed that communities prioritised the preservation of spring ecosystems and the planting of multipurpose trees as future PES activities, while agricultural assistance was identified as the most preferred form of incentive. Although the local Kaago-ago ritual represents an important element of cultural identity, it does not directly align with PES objectives. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable input for formulating inclusive, bottom-up policies that integrate ecological resilience, socio-economic improvement, and cultural sensitivity in future PES initiatives across the North Buton Wildlife Reserve. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents a pioneering effort to design a bottom-up PES model specifically for Eastern Indonesia's unique biodiversity hotspots, a region often overlooked in environmental policy research
Plantation-driven deforestation and ecosystem degradation: Assessing the efficacy of environmental governance in tropical forest landscapes
No full textBackground: Plantation expansion has emerged as a major catalyst of land-use transformation across tropical regions, including Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan, where extensive deforestation and ecosystem degradation have occurred over the last two decades. This research investigates the interlinkages between plantation growth, deforestation, and environmental decline to construct a holistic understanding of ecological changes in plantation-dominated landscapes. While prior research indicates that uncontrolled development of oil palm and rubber plantations has driven deforestation, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, spatially detailed assessments at the regional level remain scarce. Method: Employing a descriptive–quantitative approach, this study utilizes secondary spatial and temporal datasets from Global Forest Watch and the Central Bureau of Statistics (2001–2024) to evaluate changes in forest cover, tree loss caused by fire, and GHG emission trends. Finding: Integrated spatial-statistical analyses reveal that Regency has lost approximately 197,000 hectares of primary moist forest (19% of its total), with about 69% of tree cover loss driven by permanent land-use conversion linked to plantation expansion. Fires contributed 6.8% of total tree loss and were spatially associated with recently established plantations. GHG emissions peaked at 19.8 MtCO₂e in 2012, aligning with a period of intensive deforestation, but declined to 5.52 MtCO₂e in 2024 due to enhanced environmental governance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that plantation-induced land conversion alters hydrological processes, reduces atmospheric humidity, and accelerates carbon emissions, forming a feedback loop that amplifies regional climate effects. This study contributes an integrated spatial perspective on plantation-driven deforestation and its ecological implications, offering new insights for sustainable land-use management in tropical regions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a long-term (24-year) spatio-temporal analysis that specifically identifies the "feedback loop" between plantation-driven deforestation, localized fire susceptibility, and GHG emission fluctuations
Digital crowdfunding for waqf-based forest carbon projects: A model for strengthening inclusive and sustainable Islamic green finance
No full textBackground: The transition toward a green economy has intensified the demand for sustainable and ethically grounded financing models to support forest conservation and climate mitigation, particularly in countries with high deforestation pressure such as Indonesia. While voluntary carbon markets provide a mechanism to value ecosystem services, their financing structures remain dominated by conventional approaches and have rarely incorporated Islamic social finance instruments. This study aims to assess the feasibility of integrating waqf-based forest conservation with Sharia-compliant digital crowdfunding and voluntary carbon trading to support environmental sustainability and community empowerment. Method: This study employs a qualitative exploratory approach using semi-structured interviews with nine key stakeholders, including waqf managers, Sharia regulators, forestry practitioners, Islamic finance professionals, and green finance academics. Data were collected purposively and analyzed through thematic analysis to identify patterns related to opportunities, challenges, and model feasibility. Findings: The findings indicate that waqf-based forest projects hold strong potential across social, economic, and ecological dimensions by enabling community participation, generating diversified income from non-timber forest products and carbon credits, and contributing to carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Sharia-compliant crowdfunding enhances inclusivity and transparency in waqf fundraising; however, its effectiveness depends on regulatory clarity, institutional capacity of waqf managers, digital literacy, and public trust. Major challenges include regulatory fragmentation, the absence of specific Sharia guidance on carbon-related assets, and financial risks arising from high upfront costs and uncertain carbon revenues. The results demonstrate consistency between the proposed model and the principles of sustainable development and Islamic objectives emphasizing public benefit and environmental stewardship. Conclusion: The study concludes that the integrated model is feasible for phased implementation under clear regulatory, institutional, and Sharia governance frameworks. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article contributes a novel Islamic green finance framework by empirically validating an integrated model that links waqf forest financing, Sharia-compliant crowdfunding, and voluntary carbon markets
Circular economy mapping in the palm oil value chain: Towards a conceptual framework for sustainable transition
No full textBackground: The palm oil sector has long been a major contributor to Indonesia’s economy; however, it continues to face criticism for its environmental impact. The circular economy (CE) offers a transformative approach to shift the sector from a linear system to a regenerative model centered on resource recovery, waste reduction, and value retention. This study aims to systematically map CE opportunities across all phases of the palm oil value chain, including pre-production, cultivation, processing, and consumption, and to develop a conceptual framework that supports Indonesia’s transition to sustainability. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA protocol. Publications from 2017 to 2025 were analyzed thematically to identify CE opportunities, key drivers, barriers, and interconnections across the value chain. Findings: CE opportunities were identified in every phase of the palm oil value chain. However, integration across phases remains limited, and coordination among stakeholders and institutions has yet to become systemic or well aligned. Conclusion: A holistic conceptual framework that links CE opportunities across all stages of the value chain is essential to enable a sustainable transition in Indonesia’s palm oil industry. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents the first comprehensive and phase-based mapping of CE practices in the palm oil sector and introduces an integrative conceptual framework that consolidates fragmented efforts into a coherent model for Indonesia’s sustainable circular transition
Women forest defenders and inclusive institutionalism: Assessing gender capacity and policy instruments in community-based forestry
No full textBackground: The Social Forestry (SF) Scheme is a national policy that aims to enhance community livelihoods while ensuring ecological sustainability. It does so by providing local communities with access to forest management. In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province, the area under various management models encompasses 60,160 hectares, exhibiting considerable promise for the advancement of agroforestry, non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and ecotourism. However, the program continues to encounter substantial implementation challenges, particularly with regard to the involvement of women. Despite the substantial contributions of women to NTFP processing, household economics, and the maintenance of traditional ecological knowledge, their involvement in formal decision-making remains limited due to socio-cultural norms, gender-insensitive policies, the absence of gender-disaggregated data, and a male-dominated licensing system. Method: The present study analyzes the implementation of Social Forestry in NTB. This analysis is based on a systematic review of secondary documents, including national and regional policy documents, PIAPS, official social forestry statistics, civil society organization reports, and peer-reviewed scientific articles. The study focuses on assessing policy relevance. Policy relevance is defined as the alignment between the objectives, instruments, and mechanisms of Social Forestry policies with the principles of inclusive governance and gender equality in implementation practices. The present study employs a descriptive qualitative approach and thematic analysis of the document corpus. Finding: Social Forestry in NTB has evolved through the following mechanisms: the strengthening of forest-based economies, the consolidation of community institutions, and the adoption of adaptive agroforestry practices. These outcomes are strengthened by the program's integration into the Integrated Regional Development (IRD) framework. However, the extent of women's participation remains constrained and often symbolic, with persistent disparities in leadership, planning, and resource control despite their high involvement in production activities. Conclusion: It is evident that initiatives such as the Women Forest Defenders (WFD) program signify advancements in enhancing gender capacity. However, a comprehensive and empirically substantiated evaluation of the efficacy of policy instruments remains deficient. Therefore, the enhancement of gender capacity, the refinement of policy instruments, the provision of gender-disaggregated data, and the integration of women's roles throughout the Social Forestry value chain are imperative prerequisites for achieving equitable, inclusive, and sustainable Social Forestry governance. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study's primary contribution lies in its systematic mapping of the Social Forestry policy framework and instruments in NTB from a gender governance perspective, thereby identifying discrepancies between policy design and implementation practices at the ground level
The role of mangrove forests in socio-economic adaptation to coastal morphological changes: Community-based strategies for shoreline shifts and environmental degradation
Full text linkBackground: The northern coast of Java, especially Demak Regency, is highly vulnerable to natural disasters and human-induced shoreline changes, leading to environmental degradation and direct impacts on local communities. Previous studies have not fully addressed the effects on populations or adaptation strategies. This study aims to assess the effects of shoreline changes on ecosystems and communities while identifying community-based adaptation strategies. Methods: A literature review was conducted, analyzing recent academic articles on shoreline changes and community adaptations. Data were selected based on relevance and analyzed qualitatively to explore the relationship between coastal changes and adaptation strategies. Findings: Shoreline changes are the primary driver of vulnerability in Demak, correlating with mangrove decline. Communities adapt by relying on mangrove ecosystems and implementing socio-economic and structural adjustments to cope with environmental shifts. Conclusion: Shoreline changes significantly affect coastal environments and local communities, necessitating integrated adaptation strategies. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the relationship between shoreline changes and community adaptations, emphasizing the critical role of mangroves in socio-ecological resilience
Floriculture: A comparative insight of environmental business opportunities in Indonesia and India
Full text linkBackground: Floriculture, a specialized field within horticulture, focuses on the cultivation of ornamental plants such as cut flowers, potted plants, and garden plants. This study examines and compares the floriculture industries of India and Indonesia by analyzing production practices, export patterns, economic contributions, and the role of government policies. Methods: This article employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, focusing on recent publications (2021-2024) from Google Scholar to explore floriculture trends in India and Indonesia. The literature selection follows the PRISMA guidelines, combining studies on production, exports, economic impact, and government policies to provide a comprehensive view of the floriculture sectors in both countries. Findings: India has made substantial progress in floriculture, particularly in cut flower exports, driven by supportive national programs such as the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) and the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). These initiatives have supported infrastructure development, market access, and technology upgradation, enabling India to strengthen its position in the global floriculture market. Indonesia, despite its enormous potential due to its biodiversity and tropical climate, faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and insufficient production to meet global demand. Conclusion: The findings highlight that increasing technological innovation, improving supply chain infrastructure, and implementing supportive policies are critical to unlocking the full potential of floriculture in both countries. For Indonesia, prioritizing infrastructure and market development is essential, while India can benefit from further innovation and expanded market access. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study underscores the importance of a strategic approach to capitalizing on global demand for ornamental plants, ensuring long-term growth and sustainability
The impact of mangrove forest density on marine debris accumulation: Implications for ecosystem health and sustainable coastal management
Full text linkBackground: Marine debris refers to all solid materials resulting from human activities that are found in aquatic environments, such as oceans, seas, and coastal areas. These materials directly threaten aquatic ecosystems' health and productivity and require specific actions to prevent and mitigate their negative impacts. In mangrove ecosystems, the density of mangrove vegetation may influence the accumulation of marine debris. This study investigates the relationship between mangrove density and the abundance and types of marine debris around Kassikebo Pier, Pangkep Regency. Methods: The research employed the parallel line method for sampling marine debris and a 10 m x 10 m transect for assessing mangrove density. The study was conducted across three stations with varying mangrove densities: sparse, medium, and dense. The abundance and percentage mass of debris were calculated based on size and type. Physical oceanographic parameters were also measured, such as current direction, velocity, and tidal patterns. The mangrove species were identified, and their densities were analyzed to determine their correlation with marine debris abundance. Findings: The study revealed that macro-sized debris dominated across all stations. At Station 1 (sparse mangrove density), the abundance of macro debris was 0.45 pieces/m² and 7.97 grams/m²; at Station 2 (medium density), it was 0.66 pieces/m² and 14.75 grams/m²; and at Station 3 (dense mangrove density), it was 1.05 pieces/m² and 21.48 grams/m². Plastic was the most dominant type of debris at all stations. The mangrove species identified in the area included Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, and Rhizophora mucronata, with Avicennia alba being the most abundant. Conclusions: The study found a positive correlation between mangrove density and the abundance of marine debris, indicating that denser mangroves tend to trap more debris. Novelty/originality of this article: his research highlights the link between mangrove density and marine debris accumulation, stressing the need for plastic waste management in mangrove-rich areas. It offers recommendations for local governments and communities to adopt the 3R approach
Value-added analysis of tuna fish floss: A case study of IKM Raja Bawang in supporting food security
Full text linkBackground: Agroindustry is one of the strategic solutions in the development of fishery products, as it not only increases fishery yields but also contributes to improving income and strengthening the regional economy. Additionally, processing fish into value-added products, such as shredded tuna, can support food security through the diversification of processed products with longer shelf life and preserved nutritional value. This study aims to analyze the added value of processing tuna into shredded fish and its contribution to food security. Method: The research location was determined puIDRosive, based on the consideration that Raja Bawang IKM is one of the growing agro-industrial businesses producing shredded tuna in Palu City. Respondents were also selected puIDRosively through direct interviews with 1 leader/owner of Raja Bawang IKM, 1 deputy leader, and 4 employees. Thus, the total number of respondents was 6 people who had the competence to provide information related to the business and production of shredded fish. The data used in this study include both primary and secondary data. Value-added analysis was conducted using the Hayami method to determine output value, added value, profit, and labor contribution. Findings: The results show that the processing of tuna into shredded fish at Raja Bawang IKM generates an added value of IDR 40,163/kg with an added value ratio of 37.61%. The resulting profit reached IDR 16,163/kg with a profit rate of 40.24%. Conclusion: The findings indicate that processing tuna into shredded tuna not only provides economic benefits to business actors but also supports food security by supplying processed fish products with high nutritional value and longer shelf life. Novelty/Originality of This Article: It highlights the dual impact of value-added processing in enhancing business profitability and supporting local food security—an area that has received limited attention in prior studies, particularly in the context of micro-scale industries
Willingness to pay for entry to ecotourism mangrove forest
Full text linkBackground: Mangrove forests play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity, supporting ecosystem services, and protecting coastal areas from natural disasters. However, increasing human activities such as deforestation and pollution threaten their sustainability. Understanding the willingness to pay (WTP) for mangrove conservation and ecotourism is essential to quantify public perception of their value. This study focuses on assessing visitors’ perceptions, knowledge, preferences, and WTP for ecotourism at the Mekar Beach Mangrove Forest, Muara Gembong, Indonesia. Methods: The study used a survey method with purposive sampling, targeting 127 respondents who had visited the Mekar Beach Mangrove Forest. Primary data were collected through a closed-ended online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The study examined five variables—perception, knowledge, tourism preference, facilities, and WTP—and conducted validity and reliability testing using Pearson correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha (≥0.700 considered reliable). Findings: Most respondents agreed that mangrove forests should be preserved, as they provide tranquility, biodiversity, and economic benefits. Visitors showed strong preferences for nature-based tourism and environmentally friendly behavior. The site’s facilities were perceived positively. The majority of respondents expressed a WTP below IDR 15,000 for entrance tickets. Key aspects to improve include enhancing public perception, increasing environmental knowledge, aligning tourism offerings with visitor preferences, and improving facilities. Conclusion: Public perception and willingness to pay for the Mekar Beach Mangrove Forest reflect strong awareness of environmental conservation and appreciation for natural tourism. The relatively low WTP suggests the need for better promotion, education, and facility development to enhance perceived value and support sustainable ecotourism. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This study provides empirical insight into visitors’ WTP for mangrove forest conservation by integrating socio-psychological (perception, knowledge, preference) and economic (WTP) dimensions. It contributes to the understanding of how ecotourism valuation can support mangrove conservation strategies in Indonesia