Graduate Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Reports and Reviews
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Mie Scattering Absorption Coefficients of Silicate and Water at Various Wavelengths: Cross-Platform Validation with Laboratory, Satellite and JWST Data
No full textBackground: Precisely characterizing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with planetary and cosmic matter is essential for contemporary remote sensing, atmospheric science, and astrophysics [1].
Purpose: We have calculated here wavelength-dependent absorption coefficients of silicate and water particles here, according to the Mie scattering theory to obtain the optical properties of them based on MATLAB numerical implementation Mie codes [5, 6].
Method: The Mie theory is the only analytic exact solution for electromagnetic scattering and absorption by homogeneous, isotropic spheres of arbitrary size [3, 24]. Cosmic Dust Models, and various remote-sensing methods [10].
Results: This study shows high cross-platform agreement and provides a sound foundation for planetary retrievals,
Conclusions: The ubiquitous 9.7 micrometer silicate absorption feature is well represented, with calculated opacities that are consistent with laboratory FTIR measurements and verified in both CALIPSO lidar ratios of atmospheric dust and JWST / MIRI mid-IR exoplanet and disk spectra
Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership: The Role of the 21st-Century Teacher
No full textThe education sector in any developing country caters to the production of a large resource pool of competent and capable citizens who would, assumably, be able to promote and enlighten the country’s progress to a considerable extent. The educational institutions, in a natural way, are flooded with large gatherings comprising teachers, students, maintenance staff, caregivers, librarians, lab assistants, and the like to ensure the smooth running of the same. All of these require good monitoring and synchronization for efficient and unhindered functioning. Administration is a process of systematically arranging and coordinating the human and material resources available to any organization for the main purpose of achieving the stipulated goals of that organization, and when applied to the educational leadership, personal, and professional skills. institution system, it is referred to as educational administration or institution administration. Administration occurs in every organization, and the present study focuses on the role of a teacher in getting things done for defined objectives to be accomplished. He/she should be decisive, diligent, consistent, and organized. The 21st-century teacher’s role is to teach, guide, and mentor students, mingle with staff members, and demonstrate directing ability along with leadership, personal, and professional skills
The study of variation of hmF2 at low latitude during declining phase of 24 solar cycle
No full textVariations of maximum height of F2 ionospheric layer are analysed over ionospheric station Austin (30ᵒ16′11″N 97ᵒ45′25″W) during year 2018. An analysis was performed on the hmF2 data collected at Austin Station during the 24 solar cycle\u27s declining phase. Measurements made during several seasons are included in the database. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of hmF2 are analyzed. We have derived hourly values of hmF2 (the real height corresponding to the peak electron density in the F2-region. The maximum height of F2 layer during the daytime show variation with the solar activity. It is higher during the higher activity periods and lower during the periods of low activity. Solar radiation, Neutral winds and ionospheric electric fields influence hmF2. For diurnal variation, the peak value of hmF2 is at 00:00 hrs (LT) and dips at 09:00 hrs (LT). In this paper, results showed that hmF2 in equinox is higher than in winter. During April hmF2 has maximum value and minimum in December. During nighttime value of peak height decreases and then increases.
Keywords: hmF2, Ionosphere, low latitude, diurnal and seasonal variation, 24 solar cycle
Assessment of Uranium Biokinetics and Organ Dose Estimation Following Ingestion from Groundwater in the Patiala District, Punjab, India.
Full text linkBackground: Uranium is a radioactive substance which is present in groundwater. Its ingestion through drinking presents both radiological and chemical risks to living organisms.
Purpose: Our purpose is to study Uranium (U) retention in human body and the radiological dose delivered to different organs and tissues causing health hazards to residents of Patiala district.
Methods: The sample collection was done in clean plastic bottles from 70 different locations of Patiala district. U estimation of groundwater was done by using the ICP-MS technique.
Results: U retention and radiological dose delivered to different organs has been estimated using Li’s Model. Time dependence of U in Kidney, Liver, OST and Urinary Bladder has been studied. The maximum excretion occurs through faeces ranging from 41.89 µg d−1 to 371.5
Sustainable Composite Materials: A Review of Waste Reduction Strategies In Manufacturing
Full text linkBackground: The manufacturing industry is poised for a transformative shift towards sustainability, driven by the pressing need to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce waste generated from traditional composite materials. This comprehensive review paper provides a pivotal roadmap for achieving this goal, presenting a systematic literature review of sustainable composite materials and waste reduction strategies.
Purpose: Evaluating the effectiveness of various strategies, the paper highlights significant benefits, including reduced waste, improved resource efficiency, and minimized environmental footprint.
Methods: The analysis encompasses key sustainable materials, including biodegradable and recyclable options, as well as effective waste reduction tactics such as design for recyclability, material selection, and end-of-life management. The effective applications of sustainable composite materials across various industries demonstrate their viability and potential for widespread adoption.
Results: Despite the fact limitations and challenges are also discussed, the findings offer invaluable insights for manufacturers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to pioneer sustainable manufacturing practices.
Conclusions: The paper identifies future research directions, including the development of novel sustainable materials, optimization of production processes, and implementation of circular economy principles, ultimately paving the way for a more environmentally conscious and responsible manufacturing sector. This research s erves as a critical stepping stone towards a waste-minimized, sustainable future for the manufacturing industry
Dependence of Nuclear Flow on Different Parts of Nuclear Interaction Potential
No full textBackground: During a heavy ion reaction, the interaction between projectile and target nucleons takes place and the outcome of a reaction depends strongly on the nuclear interaction potential, which is the imperative factor in deciding the fate of reaction. Several efforts have been made in this direction to explore number of phenomena. One of the most sought after phenomena in this direction is the collective flow and its various forms.
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the dependence of collective nuclear flow on different parts of nucleon-nucleon interaction potential for different mass asymmetric reactions ^{129}Xe + ^{124}Sn (\eta = 0), ^{82}Kr + ^{158}Gd (\eta = 0.3), ^{56}Fe + ^{184}W (\eta = 0.5) and ^{35}Cl + ^{205}Tl (\eta = 0.7) by keeping Atotal=240Atotal=240 units. Two different signatures of collective flow have been studied: a) bounce-off of compressed matter in the reaction plane called directed flow and b) squeeze-out of the participant matter out of the reaction plane called elliptical flow.
Methods: The present work is carried out within the Isospin dependent Quantum Molecular Theoretical Framework in which total interaction potential is composed of Skyrme potential, Yukawa Potential, Coulomb Potential, Momentum dependent interaction potential and symmetry potential.
Results: The findings reveal that the directed flow increases with addition of momentum dependent interactions and symmetry potential while the elliptical flow tend to decrease with addition of these potentials.
Conclusions: Both the momentum dependent interaction potential and symmetry potential have sizable affect on the magnitude of collective nuclear flow. A comparison between our calculations and experimental data for the energy dependence of elliptical flow for ^{129}{50}Xe + ^{124}{50}Sn reaction reveals that all the components of nuclear potential are necessary to explain the reaction dynamics
Aspects of Energy Efficiency and the Execution of Modern Technologies for Achieving Net Zero
Full text linkBackground: The energy efficiency and conversion technologies play a vital role for achieving net zero emission as well as environmental sustainability. As our nation and industries attempt to mollify the influence of weather trade, the optimizing the power usage and transition to purifier assets has predominant.
Purpose:The chapter dicusses about energy performance measures a spectrum of strategies to reduce the electricity consumption as well as easy behavioural modification to advance technology solution.
Methods: The mission not only for lower green house fuel emission and also the development of energy conversion technologies which are very crucial for decarbonisation energy system via allowing the hybridisation of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power.
Results: For innovation the chapter outlines the hybrid renewable energy storage system like smart grids, electrification ,batteries and other storage technologies allow to the storage of excess energy generation during peak production time.
Conclusions: The transition to net zero is a holistic method that considers not only cost effective technological improvement but also policy frame work as well as financial incentives and public engagement strategies to accelerate the adoption at scale. The chapter concludes by portraying that the race for achieving net zero is not an assignment, however, it has a possibility to transform our energy landscape into a cleaner one for our future generation
Meta-Literacy For Librarians And Users in An Era of Metaverse Technology: Librarians Point of View
No full textBackground: Metaverse which is one the contemporary technologies that is shaping the way information is acquired and managed in the digital ecosystem entails the acquisition of special skill for both the librarians and the library user to be able to harness the gain of digital togetherness and the associated experience.
Purpose: This study is an enquiry into ascertaining the views of librarians as it concerns the need for metaverse in libraries and meta-literacy for librarians and library users in this era of metaverse.
Methods: The study used descriptive survey research design approach. The sampled population for this study was 850 selected through purposive sampling technique. The primary instrument used in this study for data collection is a questionnaire structured according to the modified Likert scale on four point rating while data collected were analyzed using frequencies, simple percentiles and presented in tables.
Result: It was discovered that the librarians were aware of the potentials of metaverse towards effective library services and that the potentials of the technology requires that both librarians and library users need to be meta-literate for them to gain the prowess to adeptly interact with digital information within the digital world of metaverse.
Conclusion: The optimal utilization of the metaverse technology in libraries of any sort depends on the meta-literacy skills acquired or possessed by both the librarians and library users. This is because without such skills, both librarians and library users cannot navigate and understand what happens within the digital ecosystem
Manuscript Heritage and Contemporary Discourse in India
No full textBackground: The historical significance of Indian manuscripts lies in their role as carriers of knowledge and cultural heritage, spanning from the Vedic period to the present day. Initially passed down orally,Indian texts were later inscribed on materials such as palm leaves, birch bark, and paper.
Purpose: The manuscripts, written in diverse scripts like Brahmi, Kharosthi, and Devanagari, cover a wide range of subjects including philosophy, science, religion, literature, and history. The aim is to highlight their cultural and intellectual importance.
Methods: Key themes found in these manuscripts include Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Islamic religious texts, as well as scientific works in fields such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and architecture.
Results: Despite the richness of their content, Indian manuscripts face numerous preservation challenges, such as conservation, and digitization of these texts. degradation due to climate, insect damage, and insufficient cataloging. Efforts by government and institutional bodies, such as the National Mission for Manuscripts and Manuscript Conservation Centres, focus on the documentation,
Conclusions: The future of manuscript studies in India lies in the integration of advanced digitization techniques, interdisciplinary research, and public engagement to ensure the survival and accessibility of these invaluable historical records
MS Excel Spreadsheet: A Teaching-Learning Tool for Statistical Physics
No full textBackground: Grasping the relationship between theoretical and empirical probability is essential in learning statistical physics, especially for undergraduate students. Traditional hands-on methods such as coin tosses and dice rolls, while pedagogically valuable, often require considerable time and effort to generate statistically meaningful data.
Purpose: This study aims to explore how simulation using Microsoft Excel can serve as an effective alternative to manual probability experiments in undergraduate physics education.
Methods: Simulations of two classical probability experiments coin tosses and dice throws were conducted using Microsoft Excel. The number of trials ranged from 101 to 105. These simulations tracked how empirical probabilities evolved and whether they converged toward the known theoretical probabilities with increased trials.
Results: The results demonstrated a clear convergence between empirical and theoretical probabilities as the number of trials increased. The use of Microsoft Excel significantly reduced the time and effort needed for data collection while maintaining high accuracy.
Conclusions: Microsoft Excel can effectively replace manual methods in undergraduate physics labs, enhancing both teaching and learning experiences. It enables students to focus on analyzing results and deepening conceptual understanding, making it a valuable pedagogical tool for reinforcing statistical ideas in a more engaging and time-efficient way