Asian Journal of Research in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Not a member yet
374 research outputs found
Sort by
Incidence of Uterine Infection and Their Antimicrobial Resistant Pattern in Camel (Camelus dromedaries) Slaughtered at Maiduguri Central Abattoir
No full textUterine bacterial infections are a significant reproductive health issue in camels, leading to reduced conception rates, increased risk of pregnancy loss, and infertility. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uterine bacterial infections in camels slaughtered at Maiduguri Central Abattoir. Swab samples were collected from the uterine tract of 82 camels and cultured on Blood agar plates containing 5% defibrinated sheep blood and MacConkey agar plates. The inoculated plates were then incubated aerobically at 37 °C for 24 hours. Following incubation, bacterial growth was subjected to biochemical tests for species identification. The identified bacteria were then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 76 bacterial isolates were identified, comprising 19 (23.2%) Escherichia coli, 18 (22.0%) Staphylococcus aureus, 15 (18.3%) Klebsiella spp, 11 (13.4%) Salmonella spp, and 13 (15.9%) Streptococcus spp. Notably, these bacteria exhibited high-level resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Specifically, 100% resistance to Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Amoxicillin, and Ciprofloxacin was observed in Klebsiella spp and Salmonella spp isolates. However, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Amoxicillin were the most effective antimicrobials, with 81.1%, 70.3%, and 70.3% susceptibility rates, respectively. The study\u27s findings emphasize the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing before treatment, thus ensuring effective therapy and minimizing the development of antibiotic resistance
Enhancing Milk Production through Establishment of Milk Collection Centers in Tanga Region of Tanzania: A Case of Uwama Milk Collection Centre at Amani Division in Muheza District
No full textThis 2024 study assessed the contribution of milk collection centers on dairy farming in Amani division, Muheza district, Tanga region, Tanzania. Data were collected via a descriptive survey using questionnaires administered to a sample of 30 respondents (men and women). Key parameters examined included demographic data (gender, age in years, marital status, level of education), milk production (liters/day), milk quality, feeding practices (type and quantity of feed), monthly income (Tanzanian Shillings), and access to essential services (water availability, road condition assessment). Findings revealed that milk collection centers significantly enhanced milk production, guaranteed market access, and ensured timely payments, leading to improved feeding strategies and increased milk yields. Despite boosting farmer income and community ties, the success of milk collection centers was hindered by significant infrastructure challenges. Water shortages, poor road conditions, and a lack of skilled workers limited productivity and market reach. While farmers largely supported the centers, worries about fair prices and potential exploitation underscore the urgent need for equitable pricing mechanisms and infrastructure improvements. The study underscores the critical role of milk collection centers in linking rural producers to urban markets, but emphasizes the need for enhanced communication and infrastructure development to maximize their effectiveness and foster sustainable growth in Tanzania\u27s smallholder dairy sector
Epidemiological Investigation of Poultry Diseases and Prescribed Antimicrobials in Kishoreganj Based on Hospital Data
No full textAn epidemiological study was conducted in the District Veterinary Hospital, Kishoreganj from June 2019 up to October 2019 to explore the distribution of different diseases/conditions in chickens (Broiler, Layer, Sonali) and ducks, as well as to know the prescribed antimicrobial patterns at the study area. A total of 805 poultry information of either infected or dead birds were collected and examined to diagnose the diseases based on history, clinical signs, and postmortem findings. The prevalence of Newcastle disease was the highest (16.61%; 95% CI: 13.79-19.75) in chickens among the overall chicken diseases and Duck plague (55.49%) over other duck diseases. IBD percentage (31.78%) was higher followed by visceral gout (16.82%), mycoplasmosis, and omphalitis in the broiler. In layer, the distribution of ND (23.81%) was significantly higher among all diseases during the study period, accompanied by IBD, CRD, Avian tuberculosis, Avian Influenza, heatstress, etc. Coccidiosis was counted as the most frequent disease in sonali and prevalence was 32.69% while, IBD, ND, AI, and concurrent infections of Coccidiosis with ND and IBD were dominant. The present study observed lots of co-infections in poultry and a wide range of unnecessary antimicrobials were prescribed for treating the diseased birds. Among them, a combination of Erythromycin, Sulphadiazine, and Trimethoprim (20.08%) was the most used antibiotic followed by Tiamulin hydrogen fumarate (13.58%). This study depicts the clinical poultry diseases/conditions burden which will be helpful for the authority to prioritize the disease and take preventive or control measures, and findings will be serve as a baseline information for future research in the study area
Effect of Different Levels of Amla (Emblica officinalis) Fruit Powder Supplementation on the Production Performance of Broilers
No full textNatural fruits have the potential to substitute growth-promoting antioxidant properties, reducing pathogens, enhancing food utilization, gut health, and production performance. The current study aims to evaluate the dietary influence of Amla (Emblica officinalis) fruit powder in various doses on broiler chicken production performance. A total of 120-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly selected into four treatment groups, each consisting of three replications of 10 birds: T0 (control diet), T1 (0.5% amla powder in feed), T2 (1% amla powder in feed) and T3 (1.5% amla powder in feed). Body weight gains, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and carcass traits were recorded. Feed intake (g/bird) was almost similar (P>0.05) among the dietary groups. Body weight gain (g) and FCR were significantly (P<0.05) different among the dietary groups. The highest body weight gain (g) was (P<0.05) in T3 (1555.15g), followed by T2 (1503.04 g), T1 (1479.38g) and T0 (1318.68g), respectively. The lowest FCR was found in T3 (1.37) and the highest FCR in T0 (1.54), with the intermediate in T1 (1.41) and T2 (1.40), respectively. Dietary groups differed significantly (P<0.05) in carcass weight, live weight, thigh weight, breast weight, and other carcass parameters. Carcass weight in T3 (905.15g) and live weight in in T3 (1496.11g) were significantly (P < 0.05) different compared to control T0 (668.55g) and T0 (1160.52 g), respectively. Microbial loads (E. coli and Salmonella sp.) of faecal samples were significantly (P <0.05). No mortality was found among the dietary groups during the experimental period. The T3 group showed the best performances among all the groups and was recommended
Age-Related Testosterone and Oestradiol Profiles in Dairy Bulls: Implication for Age Groups Reproductive Efficiency and Breeding Soundness Evaluation
No full textAims: The aim of this study was to characterize testosterone and oestradiol levels in dairy bulls in nine age groups (6 months to ≥8 years) to provide contextual reference values for reproductive efficiency and breeding soundness assessment in tropical dairy production systems of Ghana.
Study Design: Longitudinal observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Various dairy farms in Ashanti, Eastern, and Greater Accra Regions in Ghana, from January 2022 to December 2023.
Methodology: Blood samples from 90 dairy bulls from nine age groups (n=10 per group) were subjected to analyses using validated commercial enzyme immunoassays. Thorough breeding soundness assessments involved physical parameters, breeding behaviour observation, and monitoring of reproduction performance. Bulls were divided into age groups including 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and ≥8 years. Testosterone and oestradiol levels were evaluated using validated commercial enzyme immunoassay kits with intra-assay CV <7% and inter-assay CV <10%.
Results: Testosterone levels had extremely significant age-depending variation (F₈,₈₁ = 42.3, P < .001), with the lowest levels in bulls aged 6 months (1.2 ± 0.21 ng/mL), increasing from 1-4 years with the highest levels at 4 years (8.9 ± 0.38 ng/mL). There was a gradual decrease (P <.05) from 5 (7.8 ± 0.32 ng/mL), tapering at ≥8 (5.1 ± 0.25 ng/mL, P <.001) compared with 4-years-old. Oestradiol levels were highest in 1-years-old bulls (45.6 ± 2.6 pg/mL, P <.01), with comparable lower levels in other age groups (18.2-24.7 pg/mL). Bulls of 4-year-old had peak testosterone levels, exhibited higher breeding behaviour scores (8.9 ± 0.22, P < .001), and 27% higher conception rates for breeding soundness than young or aged bulls. Body condition score was well correlated with testosterone levels (r = 0.68, P < .001). Strong positive associations were observed between testosterone levels and traditional breeding soundness criteria. Negative associations between physical parameters such as scrotal circumference (r = -0.31, P < .01) and breeding behaviour scores (r = -0.42, P < .01) and oestradiol were recorded. There was seasonal fluctuation in testosterone levels with the peak in the minor rainy season and minimum in the dry season (15-20% variation). Environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity had low correlations with hormone levels (r = -0.18 for temperature and r = -0.12 for humidity). Breed influenced (P<.05) testosterone levels such that Sanga bull had the highest followed by Friesian-Sanga crosses and Jersey bulls in descending order. Age-related patterns were consistent in the different age groups.
Conclusion: The results offer critical reference values for hormone testing for breeding soundness in tropical dairy production systems. Bulls achieve peak breeding potential at an age of 4, with progressive regression until 5–7 years, with implications for evidence-based bull decision making as well as extended utilization strategies
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella in Broiler Meat from Rupandehi, Nepal
No full textSalmonella is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen responsible for causing severe infection. It is one of the main causes of huge economic losses due to mortality and decreased production in poultry sector throughout world. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiogram of Salmonella isolated from retail broiler meat. A cross-sectional study was done from August to September 2023 with a total of 152 samples (106 muscle and 46 liver) from different retail meat shops of Siddharthanagar municipality, Rupandehi and transported to Veterinary Medicine Lab, Paklihawa Campus for further analysis according to standard culture-based methods. Antibiogram of isolated Salmonella was evaluated against five different groups of antibiotics by disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. Data was analysed in SPSS using Chi-Square test at confidence level of 95%. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was recorded to be 18.42% whereby prevalence from liver sample was 19.57% and muscle sample was 17.92%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in prevalence among the sample types. The antibiogram study revealed that none of the antibiotics showed 100% effectiveness. The most resistance was seen with Ciprofloxacin (89.28%) followed by Ceftriaxone (85.71%), Tetracycline (82.14%), Chloramphenicol (57.14%), and Amikacin (53.57%). 26 out of 28 isolates (92.86%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (≥3 antibiotic groups). The study revealed a higher prevalence of Salmonella in the retail market, highlighting it as a potential public health threat due to the risk of infection from poultry meat consumption. Regular surveillance on antibiotic resistance and justifiable use of antibiotics in the commercial poultry industry is highly recommended
Morphometric Analysis of Ovaries and Follicles and Their Relationship with Oocyte Quality in Embryo Donor Cows
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of ovaries, follicles, and corpora lutea in heifers, primiparous, and multiparous cows using ultrasound, and to assess the potential of ultrasound for follicle quality evaluation in embryo donor cow selection. Thirty cows, of which there were 10 heifers, 10 primiparous cows, and 10 multiparous cows, were examined using a 5 MHz transrectal ultrasound probe (Caresono Technology Co., Ltd, HD 9300, China). In ten reproductive-age cows (2.5 to 5.5 years), corpora lutea were observed in 7 right ovaries, follicles in 2, and no structures in 1. In ten heifers, corpora lutea were present in 4 right ovaries, with 2 also exhibiting follicles. Left ovaries in heifers showed corpora lutea in 5 and follicles in 3. In ten late-parity cows, corpora lutea were found in 6 right ovaries, and follicles in 5. Left ovaries of late-parity cows showed corpora lutea in 6, follicles in 6, corpora lutea and follicles in 3, and 1 non-functional ovary. Heifers exhibited statistically significantly smaller right ovary length and width (p < 0.05) compared to primiparous and multiparous cows. The examination also revealed smaller left ovaries in heifers compared to the other examined cows, though the difference was not statistically significant. Ultrasound alone cannot contribute to making definitive decisions regarding the selection of embryo donor cows. Apart from determining ovarian morphometric characteristics, it is necessary to assess hormone concentrations, particularly Anti-Müllerian hormone
Effects of Varying Diet Compositions on the Reproductive Performance of Archachatina marginata
No full textReproduction is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of snail farming. Feeding on the other hand is essential in achieving this cause. The nutritional quality of a diet is associated with the diet’s ingredient. Hence, the study was carried out to assess the reproductive rate of Archachatinamarginata (Swaison) species fed with varying diets for optimum yield and sustainable management. A total of 60 snails were randomly assigned to five feed (treatments), each with four replicates. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design. The treatments used are: cucumber (T1); 21% crude protein (T2); 23% crude protein (T3); 21% crude protein + cucumber (T4); and 23% crude protein + cucumber (T5). Data on the egg number,weight and size of snails were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and one way analysis of variance. The result showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the number, weight and size of eggs obtained from the various treatments. T5 and T4 showed highest output in the three reproduction parameter while T1 gave the lowest output. No significance difference was observed on the reproductive performance for A. marginata species fed with the mixture of cucumber + 21% crude protein (T4) and cucumber + 23% crude protein (T5). Furthermore, the study recommended the diet mixture of cucumber and 21% crude protein for reduced cost of production and optimal reproductive performance of A. marginata
The Influence of Different Seasons on the Motility and Kinetics Parameters of Deep-frozen Semen in Simmental Bulls
No full textThe aim of the research work was to study the influence of seasons on sperm motility and kinetics parameters of deep frozen semen in Simmental bulls. The study included 43 bulls whose semen was collected and deep-frozen during the summer, autumn, spring, and winter. The semen was analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), whereby 0.25 mL straws were thawed in a water bath at 38 °C for 20 seconds. Present study revealed that the season had no effect on sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, the percentage of fast and slow sperm, sperm moving in circles or in place, or immotile sperm (p > 0.05). Additionally, no seasonal effect (p > 0.05) was observed on sperm kinetic parameters: velocity curved line (VCL), velocity straight line (VSL), velocity average path (VAP), distance curvilinear line (DCL), distance straight line (DSL), distance average path (DAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), head activity (HAC), wobble (WOB), linearity (LIN), and straightness (STR). Further, it was revealed that the values for beat cross frequency (BCF) were found to be only season-dependent, showing significantly lower values when semen was collected and deep-frozen during the summer compared to spring and winter (p < 0.05)
Effects of a Commercial Probiotic Product (Pro RojoTic®) on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicken
No full textAims: This study was conducted to assess the effects of a commercial probiotic product (Pro RojoTic®) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken.
Study Design: Completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), Uyole Centre, in the Southern Highlands Zone of Tanzania. The centre lies between latitude 8°53’S and longitude 33°39’E and it lies 1798 metres above mean sea level. The average temperature is 23°C with December being the warmest month with temperature of 26°C, and July having a temperature of around 6°C. The annual precipitation is 1200 mm and it commence from November to May. The feeding trial was carried out for 5 weeks.
Methodology: Two hundred Ross-308 broiler chickens were raised under the intensive management system for 35 days. They were grouped into two groups; one group was fed basal feed and supplemented with Pro RojoTic® (One bolus of Pro RojoTic® was mixed in 20 litres of clean water and given as drinking water) while other group was used as control which was fed basal feed without Pro Rojotic® supplementation. Each group was divided into four groups of 25 chicks each and kept in pens.
Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the control group and treatment group that was supplemented with probiotics. There were significant differences on the carcass characteristics where the group supplemented with Pro Rojotic® showed higher values. In the group supplemented with Pro RojoTic® the proportions of drumstick to body weight were higher (P<0.05) while there was no significant difference on the proportions of breast weight and thigh weight to body weight.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is concluded that supplementation of broiler chickens with Pro RojoTic® enhances growth performance and meat characteristics