Asian Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences
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AMMI Analysis for Genotype × Environment Interaction of White Cumin (Trachyspermu mammi L.) Genotypes in Potential Growing Areas of Ethiopia
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted to select the best yielder and widely adaptable white cumin genotypes across different testing environments during the 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 main cropping seasons. Nine white cumin genotypes were evaluated in RCBD design using three replications at eleven environments. The combined mean performance recorded a higher mean seed yield from genotype G3 (1,031.3 kg ha-1) followed by genotype G7 (1,011.2 kg ha-1). The AMMI analysis of variance for seed yield showed a highly significant (p<0.01) difference among genotypes, environments, and genotype × environment. The environmental effect accounted for 64.03% of the total variation, whereas the genotype × environment and genotype effect accounted for about 1.65% and 10.27% of total sum squares respectively. The first IPCA captured about 50.4% of genotype × environmental interaction sum square, while the second IPCA explained about 25.2%. The two IPCs cumulatively explained 75.6% of genotype × environmental interaction sum square. Based on ASV scores G7 and G4 have the lowest ASV and they are the most widely stable genotypes across environments. In contrast, genotypes G5 and G1 score relatively the highest ASV and are considered unstable genotypes. E3 scored the least negative IPCA1 values, while environments E5, E8, and E9 scored maximum positive and negative IPCA1 values
Response of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Yield for Plant Density and Blended Fertilizer Rates under Irrigated Condition in Lowland Areas of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
Get PDFSorghum is among the very important cereal crops in Ethiopia. However, the yield of this crop is very low due to lack of appropriate crop management and soil fertility decline. To solve these problems a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different intra-row spacings and blended fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of sorghum in Dasenech and Nyangatom districts of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations; i.e., three intra-row spacing (15, 25, and 35 cm) and four rates (i.e., 0, 50, 100, and 125 kg ha-1) of blended Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Boron (NPSB) fertilizer. Arranged as 3X4 factorial based on randomized complete block design in three replicates. The analysis of variance indicated that the interaction between intra-row spacing and blended fertilizer rate had a highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on grain yield. According to the result the highest grain yield (5.28t ha-1) and net benefit (90,890 Eth-birr ha-1) with 2475 % Marginal Rate of Return (MRR) was obtained from 25cm (intra-row spacing) treated with 100 kg ha-1 of NPSB fertilizer rates at Nyangatom location. Whereas, at Dasenech location, the highest grain yield (3.96 t ha-1) and net benefit (67872 Eth-birr ha-1) with MRR of 11600 % were obtained from similar spacing but treated with 50 kg ha-1 of NPSB fertilizer rates. Based on the yield response and economic analysis, 100 kg ha-1 of NPSB blended fertilizer with 25 cm of intra-row spacing for Dasenech, and 50 kg ha-1 of NPSB blended fertilizer rates with 25 cm of intra-row spacing for Nyangatom locations can be adopted under irrigated conditions
Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Growth and Yield Components at Bekoji South Eastern Part of Ethiopia
Get PDFPotato is one of the most important and strategic crops, which enhance food security and economic benefits to the world and countries such as Ethiopia. Ethiopia has suitable conditions for the production of potatoes. A field experiment was conducted in the South Eastern highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and yield related traits and to select best-performed variety in yield and yield related traits. The experiment was laid out in an alpha lattice design with two replications during 2019 main cropping season at Bekoji sub-station of Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The variety Gera produced the maximum total tuber yield of 51.1 t ha-1 and a marketable tuber yield of 50 t ha-1. Conversely, Moti produced the minimum total tuber yield of 14 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 11.6 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity and dry matter content, varieties Moti and Belete were the maximum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that from the current study the best performed variety will be used to increase yield of potato by demonstration of variety in the study area
Recent Advances and Strategies for the Valorization of Pineapple Waste in Sustainable Bioeconomy Applications
No full textPineapple processing produces considerable agro-industrial waste, comprising peels, cores, crowns, and stems, which presents environmental issues while simultaneously providing enormous prospects for sustainable use. These by-products, abundant in bioactive substances including bromelain, phenolic acids (e.g., ferulic, gallic), flavonoids, and dietary fiber, provide significant value for several industries, including food, medicines, cosmetics, and bioenergy. This study examines current progress in the extraction, characterisation, and application of these chemicals, highlighting solutions consistent with circular bioeconomy concepts. The valorization of pineapple waste mitigates environmental degradation and reliance on landfills while simultaneously increasing economic returns through the creation of high-value products. This analysis provides scalable, environmentally sustainable ideas pertinent to both developing and developed economies, in light of the increasing worldwide focus on sustainable development and resource efficiency
Effects of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on the soil properties, yield components, and bread wheat yield in Sinana District, Bale Highlands, Ethiopia
No full textA field experiment was made to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat and soil chemical properties. The study was conducted for two consecutive cropping seasons (2023-2024) on farmers’ fields in the Sinana district of Oromia National Regional State. Therefore, this study has attempted to evaluate the effect of the integrated use of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer on bread wheat production and soil fertility improvement in the study area. Fertilizer source organic Sources of nutrients both included (vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizer (urea and NPS) were used in the integrated form. These treatments consist of: T1 = Control (no input) T2 = Recommend NP, T3 =25% RVC + 75% N + Rec P, T4 =100% RVC + rec P, T5 =50% RVC + 50% N + rec P and T6 =75% RVC + 25% N + Rec P. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil sampling and agronomic data on wheat grain yield and yield components were collected. Accordingly, the highest mean grain yield (5403.67kgha-1) was recorded from the plot of T2 (Recommended rate from inorganic) flowed by (5186.00 kgha-1) was recorded from T3 (25% RVC + 75% N + Rec P) while the lowest grain yield (2637.67 kgha-1) was recorded from control plot. The partial budget analysis was performed for alternative uses of integrated organic and inorganic fertilizer applications for bread wheat production. The results showed that the application of integrated vermicompost with recommended rates of inorganic NP significantly increased the yield and yield components. It can be concluded that the application of integrated vermicompost and recommended rate of inorganic NP fertilizers (25 % Equivalent N from + 75 % N + Rec P is desirable) based on environmental sustainability for future productivity. This experiment has to be repeated over seasons and locations to make conclusive recommendations for the study area
Yield Responses of Four Maize Varieties to Two Plant Densities in the Humid Tropics of Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textStudy on yield responses of four maize (Zea mays) varieties was carried out in the late (dry) season and early (wet) season using two plant densities (spacings) at the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm, Port Harcourt. The treatments comprise of four maize varieties (Bendel white, Oba super 6, Oba super 98 and Provitamin A) and two plant densities (60cm 15cm and 60cm 30cm). Treatments were arranged in a split plot combination fitted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Parameters assessed were stover yield, cob length, cob weight, cob circumference, number of grains/cob and 1000 grains/weight. Results showed that Provitamin A had highest mean in cob length (24.5cm), cob circumference (13.2cm), cob weight (898.8gm) and number of grains/cob (260.9), OBA super 98 had high 1000 grains/weight (160.3gm) and OBA super 6 in stover yield (3.4kg). Yield response showed that early (wet) season had the highest performance (p < 0.05) than late (dry) season. Also, 60cm 30cm was high in cob weight (852.7gm), no of grains/cob (223.6) and 1000 grains/weight (159.3gm) but was not significantly different from 60cm 15cm in stover yield, cob length and cob circumference. Provitamin A variety spaced with 60cm 30cm (V4 + P2) had high mean (p < 0.05) in cob weight, number of grains/cobs, cob circumference. The least in yield performance was Bendel white spaced 60cm 15cm (V1 + P2) in cob length, cob weight and cob circumference. Therefore, Provitamin A is recommended by farmers for ideal for optimum maize yield in Rivers State. Farmers in this agroecological zone are advised to adopt plant density of 60cm 30cm for maize production
Estimation of Manual Labor Required to Carry Out Agricultural Operations for Some Crops in the Gezira Scheme, Sudan
Get PDFGezira scheme is the largest irrigated scheme in Sudan. This study aimed to determine the number of labor (m.h/fed) for manual operations of the crops and to determining the operations that require introduction of implements to realize zero hand-labor. Data was collected from the farmers through direct interviews during 2021/2022 season. The collected data were entered into excel-sheets, and then man-hour per hectare was calculated for various manual operations using the standard methods The manual operations included preparing Gadual and Tagnent, sowing, thinning and re-sowing, adding fertilizer, weeding and harvesting. The study included seven crops namely; cotton, wheat, peanut, sorghum, pigeon pea, chickpea and onion. The results showed that seeding, weeding and harvesting operations need, on the average, 64, 88 and 308 man.h/ha, respectively. While preparing Gadual and Tagnent, re-sowing and thinning and adding fertilizer were the least labor-intensive operations, as they recorded an average of 9, 10 and 6 m.h/ha, respectively. In addition, the results showed that peanut is labor-intensive crop. It requires 951 m.h/ha followed by cotton (782 m.h/ha), onion (688 m.h/ha), and the wheat crop is the least of all (20 m.h/ha). Sorghum, pigeon pea and chickpea crops, the total number of labors was 371, 362 and 220 m.h/ha, respectively. The study concluded that introduction of seeding, weeding and harvesting implements are necessary to reduce the required labors
Impact of Foliar Fertilization Frequency on the Growth and Development of Banana Plantlets in a Greenhouse Environment
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted during June to September of 2022 and 2023 in plastic greenhouse. Plantlets of the released banana cultivar Grand Nain were produced in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Kassala and Gash Research Station, Sudan. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts of different frequencies of foliar fertilization on banana plantlet development and growth under greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of two factors, three types of foliar fertilizers were (Nobel Fort NPK, Alnoha fertilizer NPK and Growth Foliar NPK), arranged in the main plot and applied frequencies were arranged in the sub-main plot. The treatments were randomly laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that the fertilizer frequencies every week recorded the highest values of plant height, plant girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root girth and number of roots per plant compared to frequencies every 3 weeks. Spraying foliar fertilization every week improved growth parameters
Preservative Potential of Cussonia barteri Seed Essential Oil against Fungal Spoilage in Yams (Dioscorea rotundata)
Get PDFThis study investigated the preservative potential of essential oil extracted from Cussonia barteri seeds. The physicochemical properties of the oil, including pH, specific gravity, color, and aroma, were characterized and its antifungal activity against three fungal species (Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, and Mucor spp) associated with yam spoilage was evaluated, using In vitro assays. The results showed that the essential oil had a pH of 5.2, specific gravity of 0.85, and a mild, subtle aroma. The oil exhibited antifungal activity against the three fungal species, with the highest activity observed at a concentration of 500mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration of the essential oil was also determined. The study concludes that the essential oil from Cussonia barteri seeds has the potential to serve as a natural preservative, thereby extending the shelf life of yams and reducing post-harvest losses. Further research is recommended to evaluate the oil's stability, toxicity, and regulatory compliance before commercial use. This study contributes to the development of natural preservative systems for sustainable food preservation methods
Effect of Spacing and Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textThe experiment aims to study the effect of spacing and organic manures on the growth, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, Agriculture Department, Jigyasa University (Formerly Himgiri Zee University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand during the Rabi season 2021- 2022. The experiment consisted of three different spacing (20 cm x 10 cm, 22.5 cm x 10 cm and 22.5 cm x 15 cm) and four levels of organic manure (0, 10 t/ha FYM, 10 t/ha VC and 10 t/ha FYM + 10 t/ha VC). Twelve treatments were laid down in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications of each. Results of the field experiment revealed that the highest yield parameters of the wheat crop were observed in spacing 22.5 cm x 15 cm in number of tillers, plant height, dry weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index which reached 372.8 tillers m-2, 83.3 cm, 973.7 g, 3.68 t/ha, 5.12 t/ha and 41.57 % while the spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm show lowest yield parameters. The organic manure levels OM4 (10 t/ha FYM + 10 t/ha VC) showed a significant superiority for the characteristic of plant height, spike length, test weight, and biological yield, with means of 87.5 cm, 13.5 cm, 42.86 g, and 9.54 t/ha, respectively. The treatment of T12 (22.5 cm x 15 cm + 10 ton/ha FYM + 10 ton/ha VC) recorded the highest gross return (Rs. 142905 Rs/ha), net returns (Rs 83740.2 Rs/ha) and B: C ratio (1.41) respectively