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OPTIMIZATION OF BIOMASS AND CONIDIA PRODUCTION OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE NATIVE ISOLATES
Full text linkThis study evaluated the production of mycelial biomass and conidia of native Metarhizium anisopliae isolates using both liquid and solid media, with a focus on the influence of vessel type on submerged fermentation. Two isolates (Ma ICDPP#1 and Ma ICDPP#2) were cultivated in liquid medium in conventional and baffled Erlenmeyer flasks to analyse the impact on biomass accumulation and blastospore concentration. The results showed that Ma ICDPP#2 isolate produced significantly higher amounts of biomass and blastospores in conventional Erlenmeyer flasks compared to baffled flasks (7.65 × 10⁵ blastospores/ml vs. 0.65 × 10⁵ blastospores/ml, p 0.05). Based on these findings, Ma ICDPP#2 was selected for further testing on solid substrates. For solid-substrate production (barley seeds), Ma ICDPP#2 generated an average of 1.05 × 10⁹ aerial conidia per gram of bioproduct after 14 days of incubation. The conclusions suggest that conventional flasks are more effective for biomass and blastospore production, while Ma ICDPP#2 exhibits superior potential for fungal bioproduct applications due to its higher yield
DEVELOPING KEY COMPETENCIES THROUGH SCIENTIFIC LITERACY IN 4TH GRADE
Full text linkThe article provides an overview of existing methods and approaches for developing key competencies in fourth-grade students through scientific literacy. In the contemporary educational context, scientific literacy is a fundamental element of comprehensive education, offering a foundation for understanding the world around us and stimulating critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The authors analyze various pedagogical approaches and strategies that can be applied in the learning process to achieve effective acquisition of scientific knowledge and skills. Emphasis is placed on the essence and importance of scientific literacy, outlining the connection between scientific literacy and other key competencies such as communication, collaboration, and creativity. The article offers an overview of the diversity of teaching methods in primary school science, including experimental activities, projectbased learning, and the use of interactive technologies. The integration of scientific literacy into the curricula for subjects such as "Man and Nature" and foreign language - English is explored to create an interdisciplinary approach to learning. The role of the teacher in the process of developing scientific literacy is analyzed, along with methods for assessing the level of scientific literacy among students and providing constructive feedback to support their development. The authors of the article present practical applications of the discussed ideas and guidelines for future research in the field of scientific literacy and its impact on the overall educational development of students in the early grades
BETWEEN EMPIRE AND NATIONHOOD: COMPETING NARRATIVES ON THE LATVIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
Full text linkThe article examines competing narratives about the Latvian War of Independence through the lens of memoirs by Andrievs Niedra and Pavel Bermondt-Avalov. The study aims to demonstrate how personal and collective memories are constructed within autobiographical texts and function as tools in the symbolic struggle for historical legitimacy. The methods of memoir and narratology are employed as the methodological foundation. The research materials - two sets of memoirs written by the authors in the 1920s and 1930s - enable us to trace how each narrator selects and organises facts, appealing to different cultural frameworks: Latvian national memory and Russian emigration discourse. Narratological analysis shows that the choice of emplotment influences the ideological tone: in one case, the events are depicted as a tragic struggle of a ‘traitor of the people,’ while in another, as a heroic tribute to anti-Bolshevism. The results of the study demonstrate that memoirs are not passive accounts but active shapers of historical reality, where personal memory is ‘stitched’ together using cultural codes and collective myths. The processes of self-representation and ideological selectivity, through which authors aim to justify their positions, are uncovered
STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE LITERACY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Full text linkThe issue of linguistic literacy is relevant to modern society both in Lithuania and in other countries. Literacy is perceived not only as the ability to write and read; it is also understood in a much wider context, i.e. as a competence of every person determining human development. Linguistic literacy is the ability to express thoughts clearly, correctly, and logically, both orally and in writing. It is an essential skill in academic, professional, and social contexts. However, today’s students increasingly face linguistic literacy issues caused by technological advancements, social media, and reduced reading habits (Lillis 2020). Another issue is the impact of information overload. The internet and social media provide quick access to a vast amount of information, often leading to superficial reading and a lack of critical evaluation. Students frequently struggle to identify reliable sources, negatively affecting academic writing and overall linguistic comprehension (Street 2009). However, the basis includes grammar, the knowledge of which determines the further development of linguistic literacy. This article analyzes the concept, importance, and challenges of students\u27 linguistic literacy in today\u27s society. It discusses key issues related to students\u27 academic and everyday language use and suggests methods for improving linguistic literacy. Based on scientific studies, the development of linguistic literacy and its significance for professional and personal life are examined. The objective of this article is to reveal the level of linguistic literacy of first-year students studying in Kauno Kolegija / Institution of Higher Education. The sample of the research is 120 respondents who were filling the provided questionnaires anonymously. The research was carried out in 2024. In order to carry out and analyze the research a descriptive method was used which is applied for the discussion of scientific basis of analyzed topic presenting the theoretic assessment of the situation; a method of questionnaire survey which allows to collect information about the linguistic literacy of respondents; analytical method which helps to analyze and discuss the collected information. The survey for students studying Oral Hygiene as well as Dental Technology and Dental Care in the Faculty of Medicine of Kauno Kolegija / Institution of Higher Education has revealed that their linguistic literacy is not good and they make considerable amount of spelling and linguistic errors
ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE AMONG SOME GRASSLAND SPECIES
Full text linkThe purpose of this work is to evaluate the allelopathic effect of herbage cold water extracts of two species of perennial grasses, Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea and two species perennial legumes:Trifolium repens and Lotus corniculatus on seed germination (%) and seedling development (shoot and root lenght) on , Lolium perene and Phleum pratense and on themselves. The experiment was carried out in petri dishes and the measurements were performed after 14 days. Seed germination, growth and development of roots and shoots of the perennial grasses and legumes studied were influenced by the concentration of the substrate solution, by the donor species of vegetal extract and by the tested species. Regarding the roots and shoots development on the 4 solutions extract, we noticed that the reaction was very different depending on the species. The inhibitory effect of the tested extracts was the strongest on the species Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium repens regarding both seed germination and seedling development, and the least affected were Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus. Positive allelopathic effect was noted at the seedling development at Lolium perenne species
A REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR CONTROLLING THE MAIZE LEAF WEEVIL (TANYMECUS DILATICOLLIS) IN THE CONTEXT OF PESTICIDE RESTRICTIONS
Full text linkThe maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll., Coleoptera: Curculionidae) stands as one of the most damaging pests of maize in Romania and Eastern Europe. Historically, its control largely relied on neonicotinoid-based seed treatments. However, EU restrictions on these substances have made effective management increasingly challenging. This review critically examines alternative control strategies, including entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae), microbial biopesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis), botanical extracts (e.g., neem oil), and agroecological approaches like crop rotation. It also explores the burgeoning role of kairomone-based traps and emerging sensor technologies for improved monitoring and early warning systems. While these methods show promise, their efficacy often depends on environmental conditions and application techniques, and their economic viability needs further assessment. The findings underscore the critical importance of integrating these alternatives into a robust Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for sustainable maize protection, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced monitoring tools, comprehensive economic evaluations, and farmer-ready solutions
LINGUISTIC AND TRANSLATIONAL INSIGHTS OF ENGLISH METAPHORS USED IN BUSINESS TEXTS
Full text linkMetaphors are more and more widely used in business-related texts seeking to simplify complex ideas, create more persuasive messages, and make communication more engaging. The main focus of the research is to explore the use of metaphors in business-related texts in English as the source language and their translation techniques into Lithuanian. Firstly, the article defines the metaphor from the theoretical point of view, while the practical part mainly focuses on the expressions found in the European Bank Economic Bulletins. Seventy-nine expressions translated from English into Lithuanian were analysed and compared using theoretical sources and descriptive, contrastive linguistic analysis. The analysis of the linguistic study revealed that when translating metaphors without equivalence, the translators tend to choose more general or neutral words
AI-DRIVEN INNOVATION IN EDUCATION AND RESEARCH: A ROADMAP FOR GLOBAL SOUTH DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkWith more than 1.2 billion young people, the Global South faces an urgent need to move beyond traditional education systems. Furthermore, this urgent transformation mainly focuses on reimagining education as a tool for comprehensive human development, which is founded in the region’s unique cultural values, moral traditions and communal cohesion, rather than the means of dispensing information. Therefore, this study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing structural issues in education in low- and middle-income countries. We developed an integrated educational challenge score focusing on the out of school rates, completion rates and proficiency levels using a multi-indicator dataset from 124 countries. AI was adopted to rank the countries. Our results for the developed composite score showed Niger, South Sudan, and Djibouti as the most affected third world nations having the urgent need for educational upgrade. In the regression result, the Random Forest Regressor most accurately predicted unemployment based on education variables (R² = 0.17), indicating a modest but relevant relationship between disparities in education and labor outcomes. The results guide a strategic roadmap for the development of AI in education in the global south
MODERN EDUCATIONAL METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PRACTICAL TRAINING IN HIGHER MEDICAL SCHOOL
Full text linkThe use of modern interactive teaching methods in higher medical school leads to the creation of competitive medical specialists possessing the necessary professional competence to provide quality healthcare. The article presents the most commonly used methods for teaching and practical classes in pediatric healthcare. The opinion of nursing students on the importance of interactive teaching methods for acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior for working with children was studied
PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN BIOLOGY TEXTBOOKS FOR HIGH SCHOOLS (ISCED 3) IN SLOVAKIA
Full text linkThis study analyzed currently used gymnasium textbooks in the Slovak Republic from the perspective of the development of plant blindness, through a quantitative evaluation of mentions of plant and animal organisms. We analyzed 388 pages of two textbooks, identifying 635 organisms, of which 277 were animals (43.6%) and 300 were plants (47.2%). The Slovak genus name dominated in textbooks for both groups of organisms. On the other hand, scientific genus and species names were less frequent. Scientific names of animals (genus: 208, species: 190) were more common in textbooks than scientific names of plants (genus: 157, species: 141). The higher occurrence of scientific names for animals compared to plants in textbooks may provide better preparation for university studies related to zoology, whereas the lower emphasis on plant scientific names could make the transition to botany-focused subjects more challenging. A comparison of the number of non-vascular and vascular plants revealed a low number of mentions of non-vascular plants (24 organisms). In contrast, textbooks included a relatively high number of invertebrates (117 organisms) among animals. The low emphasis on organisms from the fungi kingdom (30 organisms) suggests the need for increased attention by textbook authors to this group of organisms. Similarly, textbooks included the names of only 28 unicellular organisms, of which 17 were bacteria. A weak emphasis on non-vascular plants, unicellular organisms, and fungi can negatively affect a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity, ecological relationships, and the perception of the importance of these organisms