Hidrobiológica (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
1010 research outputs found
Sort by
Reproducción de la liseta, Mugil curema (Actinopterygii: Mugilidae), en lagunas costeras del Sur del Golfo de México
Get PDFBackground: The knowledge of the reproductive cycle of Mugil curema at southern areas of the Gulf of Mexico is limited, so it is necessary to carry out studies as the white mullet is considered a species complex. Objective: To describe the reproductive cycle (sex maturation cycle and sex ratio) of M. curema in two localities in the southern Gulf of Mexico (GM): Laguna de Alvarado (AL) and Puerto Ceiba (PC). Methods: A total of 616 specimens were analyzed, 298 for the Laguna de Alvarado, Veracruz and 318 from Puerto Ceiba, Tabasco. Results: Females and males of M. curema reach sexual maturity (L50) with mean size of 33.26 and 34.41 and 30.02 and 30.74 cm for AL and PC, respectively. In PC, spawning occurs practically year-round from September to June with higher values from January to June, while in AL it occurred between December and April. The spawning seasons in the northern and southern areas of the GM show similar maximum values but in the south spawning lasts longer. The minimum spawning size for females and males was 27.8 and 26.3 and 27.8 and 25.6 cm for AL and PC, respectively. The Gonadosomatic Index was a good indicator were the maximum values coincide with the months with the greatest development. The female/male ratio was 1:0.6 and 1:0.5 for LA and CP, respectively. Conclusion: Spawning is different between localities, Laguna de Alvarado and Puerto Ceiba, the latter being more extensive practically throughout the year. The female/male ratio favored females in both locations.
Key words: Mugil; white mullet; spawning; reproduction; Gulf of Mexico.Antecedentes. A lo largo de las costas del Golfo de México (GM), la especie Mugil curema o liseta blanca es de interés comercial, sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, el conocimiento de su ciclo reproductivo al sur del GM es muy escaso y es necesario para planificar su manejo pesquero y explotación racional. Objetivo. Describir el ciclo de maduración y la proporción sexual de M. curema en dos localidades del sur del GM: Laguna de Alvarado (AL) y Puerto Ceiba (PC) y comparar con estudios previos realizados en la zona norte del GM. Métodos. Se obtuvieron 616 especímenes (298 en AL y 318 en PC) en un ciclo anual con recolectas sincrónicas mensuales. Resultados. Las hembras y machos de M. curema alcanzan la maduración sexual (L50) con un tamaño medio de 33.26 y 34.41 y 30.02 y 30.74 cm de longitud total para AL y PC, respectivamente. En PC el desove ocurre prácticamente durante todo el año de septiembre a junio con máximos de enero-junio, en AL ocurre entre diciembre-abril. Los organismos con talla mínima de desove para hembras y machos fueron de 27.8 y 26.3 cm y 27.8 y 25.6 cm de longitud total para AL y PC, respectivamente. El Índice Gonadosomático fue buen indicador, coincidiendo los valores máximos (entre 20 a 25) en meses con mayor desarrollo gonadal. La relación hembras/machos fue de 1:0.6 y 1:0.5 para AL y PC, respectivamente. El pico máximo de desove en las zonas norte y sur del GM son similares, pero en el sur el desove se extiende más tiempo. Conclusión. El desove difiere entre las dos localidades en que en PC se presenta todo el año (excepto julio) mientras que en AL el desove se presenta de diciembre a abril. La proporción hembra/macho favoreció a las hembras en ambas localidades
Dinámica de crecimiento del octocoral Carijoa riisei sobre un sustrato artificial en Manzanillo, Colima
Get PDFAntecedentes: El éxito del asentamiento y desarrollo de una especie invasora está fuertemente influenciado por las variables ambientales tanto físicas como biológicas del hábitat al que llega o es introducido. El octocoral Carijoa riisei es una especie considerada exótica invasora en el Pacífico mexicano. Objetivos: Evaluar la dinámica de crecimiento del C. riisei en el barco hundido San Luciano, en Manzanillo, Colima. Métodos: El crecimiento se evaluó trimestralmente entre abril 2021 y enero 2023. Se midió directamente la longitud de 10 ramas al azar dentro de tres cuadrantes fijos de 25 x 25 cm. Los cambios en la cobertura se midieron cada tres meses utilizando otros tres cuadrantes fijos separados de los anteriores, en los cuales se hizo la remoción total de la epibiota. Se tomaron fotografías de cada marco y se estimaron los porcentajes de cobertura del octocoral y de otros grupos bénticos. Se tomaron parámetros ambientales físicos y biológicos para correlacionarlos con el crecimiento del octocoral. Resultados: Las tallas de las colonias presentaron diferencias significativas entre los meses de monitoreo, pero no entre años. La longitud promedio de las ramas fue de 15.0 ± 4.4 cm. Las tallas máximas se registraron en enero 2022 y enero 2023, con una longitud promedio de 19.7 ± 0.7 y 19.6 ± 1.3 cm, respectivamente. La cobertura de los elementos estructurales del bentos presentaron diferencias significativas a lo largo de los meses posteriores a la remoción. A partir de los 15 meses, C. riisei presentó un crecimiento continuo hasta el mes 21 donde alcanzó un 98 % de cobertura. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que el control del octocoral en Manzanillo se realice durante los periodos con descenso de la temperatura del agua de mar (abril a julio), cuando su crecimiento parece estar influenciado por las condiciones ambientales
Combined use of artificial intelligence and biological oscillatory growth model to explain the relationship: shell length vs. dye production in Purple Snail
Get PDFBackground. The purple snail is ancestrally important along the coast of Oaxaca as its dye is used by the indigenous Mixtec people to dye culturally valuable cotton yarns. A snail population located in a protected area named Huatulco National Park (HNP) is decreasing because specimens of all sizes are targeted more than once for dye extraction throughout the exploitation season (from October to March). This cultural practice occurs because the indigenous Mixtec people believe that dye production is continuous and increases proportionally in relation to shell length. Goals. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the total volume of extracted dye and the total length of the shell. Methods. In this study we implemented a neural regression model with artificial intelligence and a biological oscillatory growth model to demonstrate that dye production does not increase proportionally in relation to shell length. Results. The results suggest that snails of all sizes require a break to synthesize more dye after milking. Smaller snails of 2.7 to 4.2 cm produce a small volume of dye and conduct energy to growth, while larger snails of 4.8 to 7.7 cm produce a large volume of dye, but grow less. Conclusion. Our results allow us to conclude that dye production does not increase proportionally in relation to changes in shell length. At any size, a snail requires a rest to synthesize more dye after being milked. Special marks should be used to identify milked specimens in order to avoid repetitive dye extraction.Background. The purple snail is ancestrally important along the coast of Oaxaca as its dye is used by the indigenous Mixtec people to dye culturally valuable cotton yarns. A snail population located in a protected area named Huatulco National Park (HNP) is decreasing because specimens of all sizes are targeted more than once for dye extraction throughout the exploitation season (from October to March). This cultural practice occurs because the indigenous Mixtec people believe that dye production is continuous and increases proportionally in relation to shell length. Goals. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the total volume of extracted dye and the total length of the shell. Methods. In this study we implemented a neural regression model with artificial intelligence and a biological oscillatory growth model to demonstrate that dye production does not increase proportionally in relation to shell length. Results. The results suggest that snails of all sizes require a break to synthesize more dye after milking. Smaller snails of 2.7 to 4.2 cm produce a small volume of dye and conduct energy to growth, while larger snails of 4.8 to 7.7 cm produce a large volume of dye, but grow less. Conclusion. Our results allow us to conclude that dye production does not increase proportionally in relation to changes in shell length. At any size, a snail requires a rest to synthesize more dye after being milked. Special marks should be used to identify milked specimens in order to avoid repetitive dye extraction
Concentración de elementos químicos en masa seca de Pontederia crassipes Mart. para uso como abono orgánico en cultivos de pequeñas extensiones
Get PDFBackground: The increasing demand and production costs of inorganic fertilizers motivate researchers to explore new ways to obtain organic fertilizers. Plant biomass from Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, were used as case studies. Objective: to determine the concentration of 25 chemical elements in the water of two lagoons and in the dry mass of P. stratiotes and E. crassipes (in their dense and non-dense growth condition). Method: Two artificial freshwater lagoons (Vista Alegre and La Turbina) were studied in Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry was used to determine the chemical elements. Results: The Vista Alegre lagoon was characterized by high levels of Na, while Ca occurred at high concentrations in the La Turbina lagoon. In P. stratiotes, the order of the seven elements with the highest concentrations was as follows: Ca> K>Na>P>S>Al>Mg in the leaves and Ca>Na>K>S>Fe>Al>Mg in the roots. In E. crassipes (dense) the order of the seven dominant elements in terms of concentration were as follows: K>Ca>Na>P>Mg>S>Al in the leaves and Ca >Na>K>Al>S>Fe>Mg in roots. In E. crassipes plants (not dense) with leaves that were the order of the seven dominant elements in terms of concentration was as follows: Ca>K>Na>Al>P>Mg>S in the leaves and Ca>Al>Na>K>S>Fe>P in roots. The dry mass of both species contains primary, secondary macronutrients and micronutrient. Its concentration of heavy metals is below the maximum permissible limits established for fertilizers and crop substrates. Conclusions: The invasive aquatic plants P. stratiotes and E. crassipes can be used as organic fertilizer in crops grown on small plots or in seedbeds. Similar studies should be conducted in other freshwater lagoons in Cuba.Antecedentes: la creciente demanda y coste de producción de fertilizantes inorgánicos motivan a los investigadores a explorar nuevos medios para la obtención de abonos orgánicos. Pontederia crassipes Mart., es una planta acuática invasora que crece en una laguna de agua dulce (La Turbina), en Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Es extraída del agua y depositada en las orillas de la laguna, afectando el valor estético del sitio. Objetivo: determinar la concentración de elementos químicos en la masa seca de P. crassipes (en su condición de crecimiento flotante y emergente), para recomendar su posible uso como abono orgánico o sustrato mezclado, en cultivos de pequeñas extensiones. Método: para el análisis de la mayoría de los elementos químicos, tanto en el agua de la laguna, como en la masa seca de P. crassipes, se empleó espectrometría de emisión óptica de plasma acoplado inductivamente. Resultados: el agua de la laguna se caracterizó por alta concentración de Ca. En la masa seca de P. crassipes (flotante y emergente) tuvo mayor concentración (mg g-1) el Ca, N y K, seguidos del Na y Al. Los metales pesados tuvieron concentraciones inferiores a los límites máximos permisibles para abonos orgánicos y sustratos de cultivos. Los ocho elementos químicos cuantificados en el agua de la laguna (Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, S y Zn) mostraron bioconcentración en P. crassipes (flotante). Siete elementos químicos mostraron traslocación en P. crassipes (B, Ca, K, N, Na y Sr). Conclusiones: La masa seca de P. crassipes puede utilizarse como fertilizante orgánico o como sustrato mezclado para cultivos de pequeñas extensiones. P. crassipes (flotante) puede fitoestabilizar y fitoextraer elementos químicos en la laguna artificial de agua dulce La Turbina
Are invasive barnacles displacing native species? Patterns of settlement and co-occurrence in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico
Get PDFBackground: Barnacles are among the most successful invasive invertebrates worldwide. In the Gulf of Mexico, invasive barnacle species coexist with native species. In Laguna de Términos, Campeche, previous studies have recorded two invasive species: Amphibalanus amphitrite and A. reticulatus. However, native populations typically dominated on natural substrates. Goals: This study provides the first evidence of the dominance of invasive barnacles on artificial substrates in the region. This research was part of a broader investigation on the diversity and spatial distribution of invertebrate recruitment in seagrass meadows, using collectors not specifically designed for sessile organisms. Methods: Three seagrass meadow sites, each over 7 km apart and varying degrees of wave exposure, were selected to assess spatial variability in meadow-associated organism community. Artificial seagrass units made of plastic straps were strategically deployed at the center, edge, and outside of each meadow during the summer. Upon retrieval, a significant abundance of barnacles prompted a detailed analysis of this community. Results: Invasive species dominated all three sites, comprising 55% of total barnacle settlements, while native species accounted for 45%. Among invasive species, A. amphitrite was the most abundant (94%), followed by A. reticulatus (6%). Among native species, A. eburneus was the most abundant (74%), followed by A. venustus (18%) and A. improvisus (8%). Significant differences were found by site (p<0.01) and by meadow zone between invasive and native (p<0.05). Conclusions: We observed a possible displacement of native barnacles by the invasive barnacles, based on previous studies concerning natural substrates in Laguna de Términos. However, our study focused on artificial substrates, where ecological dynamics may differ. There is no conclusive evidence of displacement, and the potential impact remains uncertain, whether temporary or permanent
Evaluation of some seaweed extracts from Baja Peninsula, Mexico, against plant pathogens.
Get PDFBackground. The widespread use of synthetic pesticides to control pests has generated serious consequences on the environment and human health. Currently, efforts focused on searching for new pesticides with less environmental impact have been doubled. Marine algae synthesize chemical compounds with biological activity, antibacterial and antifungal, and recent studies on brown seaweeds have reported activity against some agricultural pests, insects, and nematodes. However, marine pesticides are an underdeveloped alternative. This represents an opportunity to explore new sources of active compounds. Goals. Evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, and insecticidal activity of seaweed extracts against pathogens of agricultural importance. Methods. Seaweeds were collected from different locations at the Baja California peninsula, Mexico, and ethanolic extracts were obtained. The antibacterial and antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic strains and Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated by disc diffusion on agar. The nematicidal activity was assessed by egg hatching inhibition on Meloidogyne incognita and insecticidal activity against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. Additionally, the total phenolic content of the seaweed extracts was assessed. Results. Regarding the antibacterial potential, Laurencia johnstonii, Asparagopsis taxiformis, and Dictyota dichotoma showed the highest inhibition against all the phytopathogenic strains and the fungus F. oxysporum. Regarding egg hatching inhibition against nematode M. incognita, the extract of Padina concrescens exhibited the highest percentage of inhibition (59 %) followed by L. johnstonii (48 %). All the seaweeds cause the mortality of the insect S. zeamais. However, the highest insecticidal activity was identified on L. johnstonii (71.9%). In general, red and brown seaweeds showed a higher content of total phenolic compounds. Conclusions. This study showed that species of red and brown seaweeds evaluated have a great potential for controlling the phytopathogens evaluated. However, further research is necessary to identify the active compounds and established lethal doses.Antecedentes. El uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas sintéticos para el control de plagas ha generado consecuencias graves en el ambiente y en la slaud humana. Recientemente, se han duplicado los esfuerzos enfocados en la búsqueda de nuevos pesticidas con menor impacto ambiental. Las algas marinas sintetizan compuestos activos con actividad biológica: antibacteriana y antifúngica. Estudios recientes con algas pardas han identficiado actividad contra algunas plagas agrícolas: insectos y nematodos. Sin embargo, los plaguicidas marinos aún son un alternativa poco desarrollada. Esto representa una oportunidad para explorar nuevas fuentes de compuestos activos. Objetivos. Evaluar la actividad antibacteriana, antifúngica, nematicida e insecticida de extractos de algas marinas contra patógenos de importencia agrícola. Métodos. Se recolectaron algas marinas de distintas localidades en la Peninsula de Baja California, México. Se obtuvieron extractos etanólicos. La actividad antibacteriana contra cinco cepas fitopatógenas y la antifúngica para Fusarium oxysporum se evaluaron por el método de difusión en agar. La actividad nematicida se evaluó por la inhibición de eclosión de huevos del nemátodo Meloidogyne incognita y la actividad insecticida contra el gorgojo del maíz Sitophilus zeamais. Adicionalmente, se cuantifico el contenido fenólico de los extractos. Resultados. Laurencia johnstonii, Asparagopsis taxiformis y Dictyota dichotoma mostraron la mayor inhibición contra todas las cepas fitopatógenas y contra el hongo F. oxysporum. En el ensayo de inhibición de la eclosión contra el nematodo M. incognita el extracto de Padina concrescens mostró la mayor inhibicón (59%), seguido del de L. johnstonii (48 %). Todos los extractos evaluados causaron mortalidad al insecto S. zeamais. Sin embargo, la mayor actividad insecticida fue identificada en L. johnstonii (71.9%). Las algas rojas y pardas mostraron el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos. Conclusiones. Este estudio suguiere que las especies de algas rojas y pardas evaluadas tienen potencial para el control de los fitopatógenos evaluados. Sin embargo, es necesario continuar con las investigaciones para identificar los compuestos activos y establecer dosis letales
Distribución y abundancia de especies invasoras acuáticas en tres cuencas del sureste mexicano (macroinvertebrados y peces)
Get PDFInvasive species introduced into an ecosystem outside their natural range have a high capacity to colonize and displace native species. Their introduction into aquatic systems has a great impact and contributes to the extinction of species, especially in freshwater fish. Therefore, it is important to know their distribution and abundance in aquatic ecosystems, in order to make proposals for their management, control or eradication. Multi-habitat diurnal samplings were carried out in the Usumacinta basins with 45 locations, Grijalva with 21 and Papaloapan with 13. The collection of organisms was carried out with various sampling gear. 189,071 organisms were collected, fish represented 7.8% and macroinvertebrates 92.2% of the total organisms, it should be noted that mollusks represented 83% of the total abundance. Eight invasive fish species were recorded: Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), O. aureus (Steindachner, 1864), Parachromis motaguensis (Gunther, 1867), Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Ctenopharygodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), Pterygoplichtys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), P. disjunctivus (Weber, 1991) and Agamyxis pectinifrons (Cope, 1870), of these the species O. niloticus, O. aureus, C. idella, were recorded in the three basins. Three species of invasive mollusks were also recorded: Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774) and Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) with presence in all the basins, where T. granifera is the most abundant in the three basins. Recognizing and documenting the presence of invasive species is important in order to be able to propose proposals for the management of their populations, which leads to reducing the environmental and economic problems they cause.Antecedentes: Las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) introducidas tienen una elevada capacidad de colonizar y desplazar a especies nativas, por lo que su introducción en ecosistemas acuáticos causa diversos impactos ambientales que afectan la biodiversidad contribuyendo a la extinción local de especies, así como en las relaciones tróficas. Objetivos: Por lo cual es importante conocer su distribución y abundancia, para poder plantear propuestas de manejo, control o erradicación. Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos diurnos en las cuencas Grijalva, Usumacinta, y Papaloapan. La colecta de los organismos se realizó con diversas artes de muestreo. Resultados: Se colectaron 189,071 organismos totales, los peces representaron 7.8 % y los macroinvertebrados 92.2 % del total de organismos. Los moluscos exóticos invasores Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774), Melanoides tuberculata (Muller, 1774) y Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) con registro en 45, 21 y 32 localidades respectivamente, donde T. granifera presentó la mayor densidad en las tres cuencas. Estas especies representaron más del 90 % de la densidad en las cuencas Grijalva y Papaloapan y 39 % en la cuenca Usumacinta. Además, se registraron ocho especies de peces exóticos invasores (PEI): Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), O. aureus (Steindachner, 1864), Parachromis motaguensis (Gunther, 1867), Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Ctenopharygodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), Pterygoplichtys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855), P. disjunctivus (Weber,1991) y Agamyxis pectinifrons (Cope, 1870). O. niloticus, O. aureus, C. idella, están presentes en las tres cuencas. Los PEI representaron 10 % de la densidad total y 44 % de la biomasa. Los géneros Pterygoplichthys y Oreochromis se registraron en 56 % y 20 % de las localidades respectivamente. Conclusiones: Es importante emprender acciones de manejo y control de las EEI poco aprovechadas, como los moluscos invasores y de los peces del género Pterygoplichthys y Agamyxis que conlleven a disminuir sus poblaciones y las problemáticas ambientales y económicas que causan
“Diversidad y estructura comunitaria de ensambles microbianos de pozas de evaporación del Noroeste de México”
Get PDFBackground. Evaporitic environments are extreme habitats due to the combined effects of several environmental factors such as temperature and salinity, despite, their host a great diversity of prokaryotes, most poorly studied but with a great biotechnological potential. The Vizcaíno region in Northwestern Mexico represents an ideal area for the exploration of saline environments that result from their geological and contemporary history, particularly, the salty ponds known as “Las Charcas” represent an ideal model due to the null anthropogenic activity. Goal. To explore the factors that determine the structure community of bacteria and archaea residing in sediments with different levels of salinity. Methods. Six different ponds were sampled during January of 2018, after it, a fragment of 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced using NGS. Alpha and beta diversity indices were estimated, on the other hand, Webb’s NTI and NRI metrics were used to evaluate which factors determine the phylogenetic community structures in each pond, finally, to evaluate which taxa are driven by selective pressures, a neutral test model was performed. Results. Diversity levels showed a positive correlation with salinity and organic matter, however, none of the biogeochemical parameters evaluated explained significantly the differences in composition among sampled ponds. Conclusions. The microbial structure community in the sediments of the ponds analysed is shaped by both deterministic and stochastic processes, including homogeneous selection, dispersal and ecological drift.Antecedentes. Los ambientes evaporiticos representan hábitats extremos por el efecto combinado de una serie de factores tales como temperatura y salinidad, a pesar de ello, alojan una gran diversidad de organismos procariontes, la mayoría poco estudiados pero con un gran potencial biotecnológico. La región del Vizcaíno en el Noroeste de México representa un área ideal para la exploración de ambientes salinos, los cuales son el resultado de su historia geológica y contemporánea, en particular, las pozas conocidas como “Las Charcas” representan un excelente modelo de estudio por su nula perturbación antrópica. Objetivo. Explorar los factores que determinan la estructura comunitaria de las bacterias y arqueas que residen en los sedimentos de pozas de evaporación con diferentes niveles de salinidad. Método. Seis pozas de evaporación fueron muestreadas durante enero de 2018, posteriormente, se amplificó y secuenció un fragmento de la fracción 16S rRNA mediante SNG. Se calcularon estimadores de diversidad alfa y beta, por otro lado, las métricas NTI y NRI descritas por Webb se utilizaron para discriminar los factores que determinan la estructura filogenética de las comunidades en cada poza, finalmente, para estimar que taxa podrian estar sujetos a presiones selectivas se realizó un modelo neutral. Resultados. Los niveles de diversidad mostraron una correlación positiva con la salinidad y la materia orgánica, sin embargo, ninguno de los parámetros biogeoquímicos evaluados permitió explicar las diferencias significativas encontradas al comparar las pozas. Conclusiones. La estructura de las comunidades que residen en los sedimentos de las pozas analizadas está determinada por factores tanto determinísticos como estocáticos, incluyendo selección homogenizadora, dispersión y deriva ecológica
Indicadores para la gestión multiescalar de invasiones biológicas aplicados a Aquarana catesbeiana en Uruguay
Get PDFBackground. Uruguay still does not have indicators to manage biological invasions, of which only one, the invasive alien species Aquarana catesbeiana (bullfrog), could be eradicable. Objectives. To identify and determine indicators, aligned with target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (Convention on Biological Diversity) and Sustainable Development Goal 15.8 to improve the governance of bioinvasions. Methods. Data at different scales available on open information platforms were used to calculate indicators of the drivers/pathways-pressure-state-response (IPER) model. Results. A system of 8 indicators for the management of bioinvasions in Uruguay is presented: 1) introduction pathways, maps of prioritized IAS; 2) No. of documented IAS records (86), 3) IAS list (42); 4) No. of IAS in protected areas (53); 5) No prioritized IAS (8), 6) Species threatened by IAS; 7) SDG indicator 15.8.1 and 8) No. of plans in execution for prioritized IAS. For the bullfrog, indicators were calculated at the country level (4) and at the local level (4); country scale: 1) Introduction pathways: No. of frog farms (23); 2) No. of invaded water bodies (71, in 3 of 19 departments); 3) IAS that threaten native biodiversity (A. catesbeiana); and 4) SDG 15.8.1; local scale (Canelones): 1) No. of frog ponds (2); 2) No. of invaded ponds (7); 3) No. of invaded ponds prioritized (3); and 4) No. of control plans (1). Conclusions. An established system of indicators and a supporting database available online is identified for Uruguay. It is recommended to apply the IPER conceptual framework to other IAS and at different spatial scales to contribute to the protection of biodiversity against bioinvasions.Antecedentes. Uruguay aún no cuenta con indicadores para gestionar las invasiones biológicas, de las cuales solo una, la especie exótica invasora (EEI) Aquarana catesbeiana (rana toro) podría ser erradicable. Objetivos. Identificar y determinar indicadores, alineados con la meta 6 del Marco Global de Biodiversidad de Kunming-Montreal (Convención de Diversidad Biológica) y al Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 15.8 para mejorar la gobernanza de las bioinvasiones. Métodos. Se utilizaron datos –a diferentes escalas– disponibles en plataformas de información abierta para calcular indicadores del modelo impulsores/vías-presión-estado-respuesta (IPER). Resultados. Se presenta un sistema IPER de ocho indicadores para la gestión de las bioinvasiones a escala país (Uruguay): 1) vías de introducción, -mapas de registros de EEI priorizadas –de actuación– (8); 2) Número (No) de registros de nuevas EEI documentadas (86), 3) Lista oficial de EEI (42); 4) No de EEI en áreas protegidas (53); 5) No EEI priorizadas (8), 6) Especies amenazadas por EEI en Listas Rojas de Uruguay (2); 7) indicador ODS 15.8.1, y 8) No de planes en ejecución para EEI priorizadas / No EEI priorizadas (4/8). Cuatro de los ocho indicadores propuestos se calcularon para gestionar la bioinvasión de la rana toro a escala país (4): 1) Vías de introducción: No de ranarios (23); 2) No de cuerpos de agua invadidos (71, en 3 de 19 departamentos); 3) EEI que amenazan a la biodiversidad nativa (1, rana toro); y 4) ODS 15.8.1; y a escala local –Canelones– (4): 1) No de ranarios (2); 2) No de charcos invadidos (7); 3) No de charcos invadidos priorizados de actuación (3); y 4) No de planes de control / No charcos invadidos (3/7). Conclusiones. Se identifica para Uruguay un sistema de indicadores establecidos con bases de datos de soporte disponible en línea. Se recomienda aplicar indicadores del marco conceptual IPER a otras EEI y escalas espaciales para contribuir a la protección de la biodiversidad ante bioinvasiones
Embryonic development and implication for colonization of three ascidian species with different biogeographic status in Patagonia, Argentina
Get PDFBackground. Ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata) have a free-swimming larva that develops into a sessile adult. Solitary species generally have external fertilization, although some perform internal fertilization, incubating the larvae before releasing them into water. These reproductive modes influence colonization success by affecting development time, exposure to environmental factors, and predation. Goals. This study compared the embryonic development of three solitary ascidians species from the intertidal zone of Río Negro, Argentina, with different biogeographic status in the area: Ciona robusta (invasive), Paramolgula gregaria (native) and Asterocarpa humilis (cryptogenic; i.e., when the available evidence is insufficient to determine the species’ origin). Methods. Eggs and sperm were extracted from individuals by dissection. Eggs were hydrated and fertilized, except in A. humilis, where cross-fertilization was unsuccessful, and embryos at different stages of development were collected from an incubating individual. Embryonic development, from embryo to larva, was recorded for all three species, including larval size measurements. Results. Ten developmental stages were identified in P. gregaria, and eight stages in both A. humilis and C. robusta, with all species completing their cycles in an urodele larval form. Ciona robusta showed the shortest overall development time, P. gregaria displayed the highest proportion of embryos successfully reaching the motile larval stage, while A. humilis exhibited the largest larva among the studied species. Conclusions. The differences in development time, larval size, and success rates suggest distinct adaptive strategies in each species, potentially influencing their establishment and dispersal capacities. This study provides novel data on the embryonic development of Paramolgula and Asterocarpa, shedding light on reproductive mechanisms that support the colonization and persistence of species with different biogeographic statuses in the Río Negro intertidal zone