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Police Management and Community Policing: A Case Study from Scotland
Full text linkThis paper reports on a case study of police management in Scotland and its focus on orientating the service toward community policing and away from a target-driven approach. Contemporary police report and planning documents are analyzed to chart this shift in orientation towards what is referred to as New Public Governance (NPG) This involves a focus on the public good and represents moving beyond the previous target-driven approach of New Public Management (NPM). New Public Governance stresses community involvement and the co-creation of objectives between professionals and the public they serve. The study examines the extent to which the police service in Scotland is, through formal reporting structures, seeking to align with NPG and if there are vestiges of the NMP approach. A discourse analytic methodology is adopted which examines the rhetorical nature of the documents. The focus of the analysis is the extent to which these public-facing documents represent an attempt to convey police acceptance and enthusiasm for NPG, or if they can be considered as attempts to bolster public confidence and police legitimacy. The ambivalent nature of the discourse in the documents is examined in terms of the adoption of both NPG and NPM through references to key aspects of these managerial approaches, including a focus on the setting of policing objectives through community co-creation in the case of the latter, and stress upon outcomes and measurable outcomes about the former
Persuasive techniques in out-of-home advertising: A comparative study
Full text linkThis study is conducted with the aim to identify and examine the persuasive techniques employed in billboard and banner advertising within the Vietnamese context, and to further explore their linguistic realizations and emergent persuasive features. It seeks to discover the correlations among persuasive techniques, highlight the similarities and differences in their application between billboards and banners, and propose implications for enhancing marketing and advertising strategies. Employing descriptive, quantitative, and qualitative methods, and drawing on the theoretical frameworks developed by Shabo (2010, 2013), the research analyzes a dataset of 488 OOH advertisements, comprising 244 billboards and 244 banners, collected from Da Nang City and Quang Nam Province. The findings reveal the presence of twelve persuasive techniques, alongside the identification of specific linguistic realization patterns within each technique. Significant correlations among techniques are observed, and both similarities and differences in their deployment across billboards and banners are highlighted. Based on these findings, a proposed model is formulated, emphasizing the synergistic role of emotional, logical, and credibility-based appeals in enhancing persuasive effectiveness in OOH advertising. The study provides practical implications for advertisers and contributes to the academic understanding of persuasive communication strategies in the contemporary Vietnamese advertising landscape
Leadership and Sustainable Growth in Small, Micro and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Gauteng
Full text linkSouth Africa faces problems due to the high rate of failure of start-up Small Medium and Micro sized Enterprises (SMMEs). The quest for enhancing leadership quality in South African SMMEs is vital for enabling SMMEs to grow and increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. Since the SMME sector is vital for creating jobs and livelihood for the poor, it deserves to be supported adequately.
The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between leadership quality and sustainable growth in SMMEs in the Gauteng province. Key attributes in terms of measuring growth are job creation, survival, and profitability among others.
Data was gathered from the various SMMEs identified as the target population of this study, hence the design used was a cross-sectional one. The study made use of quantitative or statistical methods of data collection and analysis.
The results revealed that there is correlation between the type of leadership and the attainment of sustainable growth.
The implementation of ethical practices is crucial for the long-term sustainability of SMMEs, with ethical leadership being a key component of this process. Leaders who emphasize integrity, transparency, and responsible business practices can establish trust with various stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and investors
Components and Strategic Routes of Corporate Transformations
Full text linkIn response to modern-day disruptions and to maintain competitiveness and viability, companies embark on corporate transformation journeys to enhance performance and boost organizational health. When transformations succeed, they fundamentally boost a company’s key business drivers. This article is a first step in providing prescriptive literature to transforming companies that they can use to navigate their journey. The article defines the three components of corporate transformations business model transformation, digital-enabled transformation, and organizational transformation - and their interdependencies. The study is based on the systematic review of literature available on the components of corporate transformations which is mostly unidimensional and leads to the consolidation of the components into a framework. It also describes the strategic routes of corporate transformations (mesa-transformation and meta-transformation). The framework is applicable for academic research and for practitioners when diagnosing companies, strategizing their transformations, and planning their transformation journeys
Improving Teacher Engagement Through Strengthening Creativity, Organizational Support, Adversity Intelligence, and Achievement Motivation in Permanent Foundation Teachers (Gty) of Private Junior High Schools in Karawang District
Full text linkThis study aims to produce optimal strategies, methods and solutions to improve Teacher Engagement through strengthening the variables of Creativity, Organizational Support and Adversity Intelligence as independent variables and the variable of Achievement Motivation as an intervening variable. The sample selected based on the Taro Yamane formula from a population of 463 resulted in 215 samples taken by proportional random sampling in 7 Districts in Karawang Regency. This study uses a survey method with a path analysis approach and is continued with SITOREM analysis.
The results of this study can be concluded: 1) There is a significant positive direct effect between creativity (X1) on teacher engagement (Y) with βy1 = 0.278, so that strengthening creativity (X1) can increase teacher engagement (Y); There is a significant positive direct effect between organizational support (X2) on teacher engagement (Y) with βy2 = 0.307, so that strengthening organizational support (X2) can increase teacher engagement (Y); There is a significant positive direct effect between adversity intelligence (X3) on teacher engagement (Y) with βy3 = 0.134 so that strengthening adversity intelligence (X3) can increase teacher engagement (Y); There is a significant positive direct effect between achievement motivation (X4) on teacher engagement (Y) with βy4 = 0.267, so that strengthening achievement motivation (X4) can increase teacher engagement (Y); There is a significant positive direct effect between creativity (X1) on achievement motivation (X4) with βx1x4 = 0.232, so that strengthening creativity (X1) can increase achievement motivation (X4); There is a significant positive direct effect between organizational support (X2) on achievement motivation (X4) with βx2x4 = 0.276, so that strengthening organizational support (X2) can increase achievement motivation (X4); There is a significant positive direct effect between adversity intelligence (X3) on achievement motivation (X4) with βx3x4 = 0.238, so that strengthening adversity intelligence (X3) can increase achievement motivation (X4); There is a significant positive indirect effect between creativity (X1) on teacher engagement (Y) through achievement motivation (X4) with β14y = 0.074, so that strengthening creativity (X1) can increase teacher engagement (Y) through achievement motivation (X4). Achievement motivation (X4) cannot function effectively as an intervening variable between creativity (X1) and teacher engagement (Y) because the direct influence is greater than the indirect influence; There is a significant positive indirect influence between organizational support (X2) on teacher engagement (Y) through achievement motivation (X4) with β24y = 0.082, so that strengthening organizational support (X2) can increase teacher engagement (Y) through achievement motivation (X4). However, achievement motivation (X4) cannot function effectively as an intervening variable between organizational support (X2) and teacher engagement (Y) because the direct influence is greater than the indirect influence; and There is a significant positive indirect influence between adversity intelligence (X3) on teacher engagement (Y) through achievement motivation (X4) with β34y = 0.036, so that strengthening adversity intelligence (X3) can increase teacher engagement (Y) through achievement motivation (X4). However, achievement motivation (X4) cannot function effectively as an intervening variable between adversity intelligence (X3) and teacher engagement (Y) because the direct influence is greater than the indirect influence.
The results of the SITOREM analysis show that the indicators that are still weak and need to be improved are: 1st providing justice, 2nd organizational rewards, 3rd acting smartly in seeking opportunities; 4th habits of behavior in solving problems; 5th behavior interested in complex things, 6th the drive to excel in competition, 7th the need for long-term career success, 8th strong drive to get feedback on performance, 9th attitude of controlling difficulties, 10th attitude facing difficulties, 11th work engagement, 12th career development, 13th work spirit, and 14th absorption. while the indicators that are maintained and developed are: 1) leadership support, 2) working conditions, 3) originality in developing something new or different, 4) open behavior in accepting new ideas and concepts; 5) acting persistently in trying; 6) the need to work intensively in carrying out tasks, 7) liking challenges and competition, 8) having a systematic and realizable work plan, 9) attitude towards the origin of difficulties, 10) attitude anticipating the impact of difficulties, 11) endurance towards difficulties, 12) dedication, 13) concern for productivity, and 14) sense of ownership
Evaluating Strategic Human Recourse Management’s Influence on Employee Productivity in Bangladesh’s NGO
Full text linkStrategic human resource management techniques involve a strong emphasis on recognizing the value of each individual inside the firm to ensure employees are committed to its long-term objective. The goal of the study is to determine how strategic HRM factors affect employee productivity in Bangladesh's NGOs from the perspective of the NGO managers. From various organizations of NGOs in Bangladesh, a total of 50 different categories of employees were chosen. Analysis reveals that in NGOs, strategic HRM significantly affects Employee productivity. The executive authority and HR department of NGO should be aware of and concerned with addressing these strategic issues on employee productivity which will ultimately utilize the implementation costs of Strategic human resource management (SHRM). Further study can be evaluated other sectors of Bangladesh
Improving Lecturer Performance Through Strengthening Service Leadership, Empowerment, Achievement Motivation, And Trust in Muhammadiyah Tangerang University Lecturers
Full text linkThis research aims to produce strategies and ways to improve the performance of lecturers at the Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang by strengthening the variables of servant leadership, empowerment, achievement motivation, and trust as intervening variables. The research sample was 215 samples taken using stratified proportional random sampling of faculty lecturers. This research uses a survey method with a path analysis approach and SITOREM analysis. The results of this research can be concluded: 1). there is a direct influence between servant leadership on lecturer performance, 2) there is a direct influence between empowerment on lecturer performance, 3) there is a direct influence between achievement motivation on lecturer performance, 4) there is a direct influence between trust (X4) on lecturer performance (Y), 5) there is a direct influence between servant leadership on achievement motivation, 6) there is a direct influence between empowerment on achievement motivation, 7) there is a direct influence between servant leadership on trust, 8) there is a direct influence between empowerment on trust, 9) there is an indirect influence between servant leadership on lecturer performance through achievement motivation, 10) there is an indirect influence between empowerment on lecturer performance through achievement motivation, 11) there is an indirect influence between servant leadership on lecturer performance through trust, 12) there is an indirect influence between empowerment (X2) on lecturer performance through trust.
The results of the SITOREM analysis show that based on the priority order of improving lecturer performance, it is necessary to strengthen servant leadership and empowerment. If servant leadership is to be strengthened, it is carried out by enhancing indicators that are still weak, namely: Listening, Vision, Healing, and Humility as well as maintaining or developing indicators: Wisdom, Service, Empathy, and Organizational Stewardship, empowerment wants to be strengthened, so this is done by improving indicators that are still weak, namely: Delegation of authority in work freedom, and Competency Building as well as maintaining or developing indicators: Modeling (exemplary) from individual superiors, Self-efficacy, and Organizational Support, achievement motivation want to be strengthened, so this is done by improving indicators that are still weak, namely: Encouragement to excel in competition, and Having a work plan that is systematic and can be realized, as well as maintaining or developing indicators: The need to work intensively (persistent, focused) in carrying out tasks, likes challenges and competition, the need for a successful career in the long term, and a strong urge to get feedback on performance and trust wants to be strengthened, so this is done by improving indicators that are still weak, namely: Consistent development , Giving authority with responsibility, and Shared responsibility, as well as maintaining or developing indicators: Mutual respect and support, and Communication and togetherness
Catering to the Quiet and the Sociable A Proposal of Introversion and Extraversion as Emerging Market Segments
Full text linkTarget marketing leverages many human characteristics to persuade a specific consumer group best. These characteristics may include demographic, geographic, psychographic, and lifestyle traits. The psychographic factors considered in target marketing most commonly include an understanding of consumer values and behavior, not personality type. Few studies have analyzed how personality type, more specifically introversion and extraversion, might shape the outcome of a campaign. Introversion and extraversion have proven to have a pivotal role in other areas of business, such as the workplace, sales forces, and customer engagement.
Drawing on that connection, this research hypothesized that these personality types might also impact consumer responses to a marketing campaign, particularly the promotional element. To answer these queries, multiple theories of personality were analyzed, including Jung’s Theory of Personality, and applied to previous research to introversion and extraversion in target marketing.
Results reflected that there is considerable merit behind the pursuit of tailored advertisement campaigns that target introverts and extroverts respectively. Such strategies might increase metrics and create a more predictable and direct campaign. Subsequent research is suggested to further corroborate this conclusion
NAFTA: MORE THAN A REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT
Full text linkTrade is one of the fundamental reasons underlying the relationships between societies. Commercial interactions have contributed to the establishment of a specific international system worldwide through the trade relations between empires and states. In the 20th century, interstate trade led to the formation of certain agreements, some of which gave rise to regional-scale trade alliances. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is one of the regional trade agreements documented among North American countries, holding significant importance not only in increasing trade volume among signatory nations but also in terms of fostering regional cooperation and closer political relations.
Despite being criticized by many since its signing date, NAFTA underwent substantial changes in 2020 and was restructured under the name The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Despite controversies and criticisms, NAFTA played a significant role in strengthening regional economic, social, and political ties, becoming one of the prominent examples of the rising regional trade agreements worldwide after the 1990s. In this study, the motivation behind NAFTA's inception, its historical development, member countries, and the positive impacts on the region are discussed. The contributions of NAFTA to the North American economy and regional development are examined through the analysis of gathered data, reports, and academic studies. The study aims to discuss the findings on the impact of NAFTA not only as a trade agreement but also on regional social and political developments
Ancient Seafarer and Maritime Early Civilization in Southeast Asia: Theoretical Debate and New Approach
Full text linkTraditionally, seas and oceans have become sources of inspiration in seeking the truth from facts to dispel the worldview of those who tended to associate it with myths and superstitions. Seas and oceans are equally realms with their advantages in bridging nations, inculcating a sense of unity, mutual understanding, and cooperation as well as in generating wealth. They are considered priceless treasures, which can neither be exchanged nor modified. In the South East Asia or Nusantara historiography, the relationship between men known as seafarers
is indisputable. It is not far-fetched to suggest that the change and development in present-day Southeast Asia, from traditional kingdoms to modern nation-states are intimately rooted in and shaped by the contributions of our seafaring ancestors. By taking into consideration past maritime historiography, namely the roles and contributions of these seafaring communities, and the presence of the surrounding seas and oceans, it can be deduced that they have contributed immensely to the development of various civilizations in this region.