Lokman Hekim Üniversitesi Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
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Hacettepe Üniversitesi erişkin hastanesi iç hastalıkları ana bilim dalı geriatri bilim dalı polikliniği'ne başvuran yaşlıların diyet kalitesinin sarkopeni, kırılganlık ve malnütrisyon ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi
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Sample size, power and effect size revisited: simplified and practical approaches in pre-clinical, clinical and laboratory studies.
No full textCalculating the sample size in scientific studies is one of the critical issues as regards the scientific contribution of the study. The sample size critically affects the hypothesis and the study design, and there is no straightforward way of calculating the effective sample size for reaching an accurate conclusion. Use of a statistically incorrect sample size may lead to inadequate results in both clinical and laboratory studies as well as resulting in time loss, cost, and ethical problems. This review holds two main aims. The first aim is to explain the importance of sample size and its relationship to effect size (ES) and statistical significance. The second aim is to assist researchers planning to perform sample size estimations by suggesting and elucidating available alternative software, guidelines and references that will serve different scientific purposes
Güncel Yüksek Şiddetli Aralıklı Antrenman (High Intensity Interval Training- HIIT) Uygulamalarının Kardiyovasküler- Metabolik ve Performans Yanıtları: Sistematik Derleme
No full textModern toplumda bir norm hâline gelmiş olan hareketsizlik, birçok hastalık için risk faktörüdür. Fiziksel aktivite ve egzersiz için birçok engel bulunmakta olup, başlıca sebebi zaman eksikliğidir. Yaygın metabolik hastalıkların tedavisi ve yönetiminde rol oynayan egzersiz, sağlıklı yaşamın temel prensiplerinden biridir. Daha kısa egzersiz ve dinlenme süreleriyle uygulanan antrenman birimleri, aerobik fitness gelişimi için gelecek vaat eden bir egzersiz stratejisidir. Sağladığı kardiyovasküler, metabolik ve fiziksel yararları ile evrensel bir antrenman seçeneği olabilir. Bu derlemenin amacı, yüksek şiddetli aralıklı antrenman (HIIT) etkilerini; kardiyovasküler, metabolik ve performans yanıtlarıyla değerlendiren yapılmış araştırmalarla ilgili bir sistematik derleme sunabilmektir. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak, elektronik veri tabanları kullanılarak araştırma yapılmıştır. Tanımlanan çalışmalar, dâhil etme kriterlerini doğrulamak için eleştirel analiz ve önyargı değerlendirilmesinden sonra ayrıntılı olarak gözden geçirilmiştir. HIIT ve kardiyovasküler sağlıkla ilgili incelenen çalışmalarda, maksimal oksijen tüketim kapasitesi, kardiyovasküler toparlanma, kardiyorespiratuar fitness bileşenleri, kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri ve yaşam kalitesi parametreleri; HIIT ve metabolik sağlıkla ilgili incelenen çalışmalarda, vücut kompoziyonu, glisemik kontrol, insülin seviyeleri, vücut yağ yüzdesi, beden kitle indeksi, vücut ağırlığı, kan laktat cevapları, ortalama arteriyel ve sistolik kan basınçları, kalp atım hızı rezervi, yağ oksidasyonu, bazal aktivite düzeyleri, kemik mineral yoğunluğu, inhibitör kontrol, bilişsel sağlık; HIIT ve performansla ilgili incelenen çalışmalarda, aerobik performans parametreleri, mitokondriyal oksidatif kapasite, kapiller yoğunluk, kalp hızı değişimleri, maksimal oksijen kapasitesi, vücut kompozisyonu, eğlence oranları gibi parametreleri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak HIIT uygulamalarının, kardiyovasküler, metabolik ve performans yanıtlarında etkili olduğunu gösteren araştırmalar gelecek için yol gösterici olabilecektir
Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart.
No full textExcessive mitochondrial ROS production has been causally linked to the pathophysiology of aging in the heart and other organs, and plays a deleterious role in several age-related cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure, the two worldwide leading causes of death and disability in the elderly. However, ROS generation is also a fundamental mitochondrial function that orchestrates several signaling pathways, some of them exerting cardioprotective effects. In cardiac myocytes, mitochondria are particularly abundant and are specialized in subcellular populations, in part determined by their relationships with other organelles and their cyclic calcium handling activity necessary for adequate myocardial contraction/relaxation and redox balance. Depending on their subcellular location, mitochondria can themselves be differentially targeted by ROS and display distinct age-dependent functional decline. Thus, precise mitochondria-targeted therapies aimed at counteracting unregulated ROS production are expected to have therapeutic benefits in certain aging-related heart conditions. However, for an adequate design of such therapies, it is necessary to unravel the complex and dynamic interactions between mitochondria and other cellular processes
Changes in the Anterior Lens Epithelium and Basement Membrane in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome undergoing Surgery for Senile Cataracts: A Transmission Electron Microscopic Study.
No full textObjective: To compare the electron microscopic lens findings with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS), in patients undergoing surgery for senile cataract. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Ophthalmology Department, Hacettepe University Hospital between December 2019 and March 2020. Methodology: Anterior lens capsules (basement membrane and lens epithelial cells) taken from 20 eyes of 20 patients with senile cataract were examined. XFS was detected by slit-lamp examination in 10 of 20 patients. Remaining 10 were included in the control group. All patients and controls were of similar age and had no systemic disease. The anterior lens capsules were obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for observation under a transmission electron microscope. Results: The mean age of individuals in the XFS and control groups was 69.4 +/- 6.9 (56-82) years and 65.2 +/- 6.9 (54-73) years, respectively. The best-corrected visual acuity in the XFS and control groups was 0.7 +/- 0.4 (0.3-1.3) logMAR and 0.9 +/- 0.4 (0.4-1.3) logMAR, respectively. Marked ultrastructural changes were observed in the anterior lens capsules of all eyes with pseudoexfoliation. Degenerative changes and thinning in lens epithelial cells were observed in all samples. The lens epithelial cells were loosely attached to the basement membrane in places. Numerous apoptotic cells with pyknotic nuclei were observed in lens epithelial cells, and many vacuoles within the cytoplasm in different areas were detected. Conclusion: Transmission electron microscopic examination revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in the XFS epithelium of all patients in the XFS group. Many aspects of the pathogenetic process of XFS remain uncertain, hence requiring further exploration
Superior Rectal Artery Embolization with Tris-Acryl Gelatin Microspheres: A Randomized Comparison of Particle Size.
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of superior rectal artery embolization (SRAE) with different-sized tris-acryl gelatin microspheres in symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease (HD). Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients (male, 30; female, 12; median age, 45 years) with symptomatic HD (2 grade I, 8 grade II, 17 grade III, and 15 grade IV) were divided into 3 experimental arms (500–700 μm, 700–900 μm, and 900–1,200 μm groups; each had 14 patients) in a prospective randomized style to perform SRAE. Follow-up was performed by rectoscopy, clinical examination, and questionnaires. The primary outcome measure was the clinical success rate at 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were technical success rate, recurrence rate, procedure-related mortality, procedure-related complications, and any outcome changes between particle sizes. Results: No procedure-related deaths or major morbidities were observed. There was a 54% minor complication rate (n = 23/42) in the treated zone: 45% sustained small superficial ulcerations (n = 19/42), 7% small rectosigmoid junction ulcerations (n = 3/42), and 2% small fibrotic scar tissue (n = 1/42). The clinical success rate was 93%. Of the groups, the best French bleeding score decrease was obtained in the 900–1,200 μm group. There were improvements in the quality of life score and visual analogue scale score after the SRAE procedure, although not in the Goligher score. No recurrent disease was observed. Conclusions: SRAE with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres for symptomatic HD is a safe and efficient treatment, with results favoring the use of larger microspheres. © 2021 SI
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based O stable isotope labeling of Krebs cycle intermediates.
No full textNew technologies permit determining metabolomic profiles of human diseases by fingerprinting metabolites levels. However, to fully understand metabolomic phenotypes, metabolite levels and turnover rates are necessary to know. Krebs cycle is the major hub of energy metabolism and cell signaling. Traditionally, C stable isotope labeled substrates were used to track the carbon turnover rates in Krebs cycle metabolites. In this study, for the first time we introduce H[O] based stable isotope marker that permit tracking oxygen exchange rates in separate segments of Krebs cycle. The chromatographic and non-chromatographic parameters were systematically tested on the effect of labeling ratio of Krebs cycle mediators to increase selectivity and sensitivity of the method. We have developed a rapid, precise, and robust GC-MS method for determining the percentage of O incorporation to Krebs cycle metabolites. The developed method was applied to track the cancer-induced shift in the Krebs cycle dynamics of Caco-2 cells as compared to the control FHC cells revealing Warburg effects in Caco-2 cells. We demonstrate that unique information could be obtained using this newly developed O-labeling analytical technology by following the oxygen exchange rates of Krebs cycle metabolites. Thus, O-labeling of Krebs cycle metabolites expands the arsenal of techniques for monitoring the dynamics of cellular metabolism. Moreover, the developed method will allow to apply the O-labeling technique to numerous other metabolic pathways where oxygen exchange with water takes place
New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors.
No full textThirty compounds having 1-[2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl) acetyl]-3,5-disubstitutedphenyl-2-pyrazoline structure and nine compounds having '-(1,3-disubstitutedphenylallylidene)-2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl)acetohydrazide skeleton were synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. All of the compounds exhibited selective MAO-A inhibitor activity in the nanomolar or low micromolar range. The results of the molecular docking for hydrazone derivatives supported the results. Five compounds, (0.008 μM, Selectivity Index (SI): 9.70 × 10), (0.009 μM, SI: 4.55 × 10), (0.001 μM, SI: 8.00 × 10), (0.009 μM, SI: 1.37 × 10), and (0.010 μM, SI: 5.40 × 10), exhibiting the highest inhibition and selectivity toward hMAO-A and nontoxic to hepatocytes were assessed for antidepressant activity as acute and subchronic in mice. All of these five compounds showed significant antidepressant activity with subchronic administration consistent with the increase in the brain serotonin levels and the compounds crossed the blood-brain barrier according to parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. Compounds , and exhibited an MAO-A profile, which is highly consistent with the data
Neuroendocrine disruption by bisphenol A and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate after prenatal, early postnatal and lactational exposure.
No full textBisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) are abundant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In recent years, studies showed that EDCs may lead to neurodevelopmental diseases. The effects of prenatal exposure to these chemicals may have serious consequences. Moreover, exposure to EDCs as a mixture may have different effects than individual exposures. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity of BPA and/or DEHP on central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine system in prenatal and lactational period in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received vehicle); BPA group (received BPA at 50 mg/kg/day); DEHP group (received DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day); and combined exposure group (received both BPA at 50 mg/kg/day and DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation by oral gavage. At the end of lactation, male offspring (n = 6) were randomly grouped. The alterations in the brain histopathology, neurotransmitter levels and enzyme activities in the cerebrum region, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic effects in the hippocampus region were determined at adulthood. The results showed that exposure to EDCs at early stages of life caused significant changes in lipid peroxidation, total GSH and neurotransmitter levels, and activities of neurotransmitter-related enzymes. Moreover, BPA and/or DEHP led to apoptosis and histopathologic alterations in the hippocampus. Therefore, we can suggest that changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as in neurotransmitters and related enzymes, can be considered as the underlying neurotoxicity mechanisms of BPA and DEHP. However, more mechanistic studies are needed