Coffee Science (E-Journal)
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Potencial de controle biológico de Meloidogyne utilizando fungos nematófagos e bactérias em cafeeiros
No full textThe national coffee producers recognize root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) as one of the main factors limiting coffee production which drastically affect the root system, causing root swellings (galls), necrosis and root cracking, depriving plants of water and nutrients and reducing productivity. Amongst the species related to coffee, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, 1949, M. exigua Goeldi, 1887, M. coffeicola Lordello & Zamith, 1960, and M. paranaensis Carneiro et al., 1996, are the most important. The nematode infestation may restrict the establishment of new coffee plantation as well as restrict the existing ones. The biological control of Meloidogyne spp. has a great potential to become one of the most effective mechanisms in controlling this disease which affects a wide group of cultivated species of economic interest, including coffee. This review aims to raise information about the fungus Arthrobotrys sp., Monacrosporium sp. and of the bacterium Pasteuria penetrans (Thorne) Sayre & Starr (1985) as biocontrol agents of Meloidogyne. Research on this matter has shown some success. This study considers the specificity of fungusnematode, bacterium-nematode, and also the use of inoculants to apply on fungi and bacteria. A cafeicultura nacional encontra na meloidoginose um dos principais fatores limitantes do processo produtivo da cultura, que afeta drasticamente o sistema radicular, causando galhas, necroses e rachaduras nas raízes, reduzindo a absorção de água e nutrientes pela planta e diminuindo sua produção. Entre as espécies relatadas na cultura do café destacam-se como as mais importantes: Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, 1949, M. exigua Goeldi, 1887, M. coffeicola Lordello & Zamith, 1960 , e M. paranaensis Carneiro et al., 1996. A infestação muitas vezes pode restringir tanto a implantação de cafezais como a condução dos já existentes. O controle biológico da meloidoginose apresenta potencial para tornar-se um dos mecanismos mais efetivos no controle dessa doença que ataca um amplo grupo de espécies cultivadas, de interesse econômico, entre elas o cafeeiro. Esta revisão busca levantar informações acerca dos fungos Arthrobotrys sp., Monacrosporium sp. e da bactéria Pasteuria penetrans (Thorne) Sayre & Star (1985) como agentes biocontroladores da meloidoginose. Pesquisas nessa área têm revelado alguma eficácia. Aqui serão consideradas a especificidade fungo-nematóide, bactéria-nematóide e a utilização de inoculantes para aplicação de fungos e bactérias. 
Resposta de lavouras cafeeiras em transição agroecológica a diferentes manejos de solo
Full text linkThis work had the objective of evaluate the efficiency of different techniques of the organic and conventional managements in the soil fertility and productivity of coffee plants after the first year of agroecologic transition. The experiment was installed in August/2004 in a coffee plantation located in the municipality of Lavras/MG previously cultivated in a conventional management. The experimental design used was the lattice balanced 4x4 in factorial scheme 3x2x2 with five replications and four more additional treatments. Three sources of organic matter were used (castor bean bran, bovine manure and boiler litter) with or without straw of fermented coffee, and with or without the use of green manuring with [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], in the line spacing of the coffee crop and pulverization with the biofertilizer “supermagro”. The conventional management had the application of ammonium sulfite and the potassium chloride, and conventional foliar manuring. The organic management maintained an appropriate supply of K in the soil, with highlighting the boiler litter and bovine manure. The most significant benefit of the manuring organic in the soil fertility was to increase the K, S and B availability. The treatments of organic managements showed productivity similar to the conventional, due to the existence of nutrient reserves in the soil. It is emphasized the importance of carrying out further research to monitor the agroecologic transition during the first three years of coffee crop management, time required for its organic certification and possible biological reconstruction of soil fertility. Este experimento objetivou avaliar a eficiência de diferentes técnicas de manejo orgânico e convencional na fertilidade do solo e produtividade de uma lavoura cafeeira após o primeiro ano de transição agroecológica. O experimento foi instalado em agosto/2004 em uma lavoura cafeeira localizada em Lavras/MG, anteriormente conduzida sob manejo convencional. Empregou-se o delineamento látice balanceado 4x4 em esquema fatorial 3x2x2 com cinco repetições mais quatro tratamentos adicionais. Foram utilizadas três fontes de matéria orgânica (farelo de mamona, esterco bovino e cama de aviário), com e sem palha de café fermentada, com e sem a adubação verde com feijão-guandu [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] nas entrelinhas do cafeeiro e pulverizações com o biofertilizante supermagro. O manejo convencional constou da aplicação de sulfato de amônio e o cloreto de potássio e de adubação foliar convencional. O manejo orgânico mantém um suprimento adequado de K no solo, com destaque para a cama de aviário e o esterco bovino. O benefício mais significativo da adubação orgânica na fertilidade do solo é o aumento na disponibilização de K, S e B. Os tratamentos de manejo orgânico apresentam produtividade similar à da testemunha convencional, devido à existência de reservas de nutrientes no solo. Ressalta-se a importância da realização de novas pesquisas com acompanhamento da transição agroecológica durante os três primeiros anos de manejo da lavoura cafeeira, período exigido para a sua certificação orgânica e possível reconstrução biológica da fertilidade do solo.
Association Between Black Tea and Coffee Consumption, Socioeconomic Status, and Digestive Disorders: A Case-Control Study
Full text linkThis study aimed to explore the relationship between black tea and coffee consumption and the prevalence of digestive system disorders in the Azeri population of East Azerbaijan, Iran, while considering the influence of underlying social and economic conditions. A case-control study involved 186 patients diagnosed with digestive system disorders and 185 healthy controls. Data were collected via questionnaires that assessed demographic factors, black tea and coffee consumption habits, water intake, and socioeconomic status. We used a rapid urease test to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in the patients. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, with a p-value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Black tea and coffee consumption was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Patients also had lower levels of education and financial status. Daily water intake was significantly lower in patients, while consumption of liquids with meals was higher (p < 0.05). Additionally, patients whoconsumed black tea and coffee after meals had a higher prevalence of digestive disorders. High consumption of black tea and coffee is associated with an increased risk of digestive system disorders, especially among individuals with lower socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that dietary habits, along with underlying social and economic conditions, should be considered when managing digestive health, especially in populations with high black tea and coffee consumption.
Key words: Coffee; digestive system disorders; socioeconomic factors; tea; dietary habits
Morphological diversity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) by in-situ exploration in three agroecosystems West Java, Indonesia
Full text linkArabica coffee, a type of coffee in high demand, is cultivated in various regions. West Java is a significant contributor to Arabica coffee production in Indonesia. This region has various coffee agroecosystems. The research aims to identify the diversity of West Java Arabica coffee cultivated in different agroecosystems. The research involved observing plantation locations of Arabica coffee in Cimaung, Cilengkrang, and Pangalengan, West Java, in three agroecosystems (agroforestry, intercropping area, and residential area). Fifty-two accessions were found and analyzed using the Shannon diversity index for qualitative characters, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Cluster analysis. The Shannon diversity index revealed the range between 0.221 and 1.55; the PCA results show a variability of 43.208% on two main components (PC1-PC2), indicating a wide variation for Arabica coffee accessions. The characteristics of fruit, seed, and leaf qualitative traits were influential in determining diversity. The cluster analysis explained the distribution patterns ofagroecosystems and the relationship of each accession. It showed a close relationship between agroforestry and residential areas. The cluster analysis also revealed distinct variations of accessions in the agroforestry and residential area at Cilengkrang compared to others. Based on the results, these findings could potentially be used as basic knowledge to develop a new Arabica coffee clone, especially in West Java.
Key words: Accession; agroecosystem; cluster analysis; diversity index; principal component analysis
Application of Solar UV Radiation in the Photo-Fenton Process for Coffee Agroindustry Wastewater Treatment
Full text linkWastewater from coffee agro-industrial activities tends to be brown in colour and rich in organic matter, potentially causing environmental pollution. Biological treatment has not been fully effective in reducing its colour due to the presence of dark pigments. This study aims to development of utilizing ultraviolet light radiation from the sun and comparing its efficiency with ultraviolet light from lamps in purifying coffee processing wastewater. The research stages consisted of photoreactor preparation; preparation of Fenton reagent doses of H₂O₂ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃; ultraviolet radiation; and analysis of the pollution reduction parameters. The results show that the application of ultraviolet radiation from sunlight has a positive impact on the quality of coffee agroindustry wastewater. The recommended treatment combination of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ 0.0015M and H₂O₂ 0.2M is the best alternative for improving its quality which has reduction efficiency (RE) namely 96.27% (TSS), 97.68% (turbidity), 99.98% (colour absorbance), and 95.17% (COD) respectively. The ultraviolet from sunlight application in the photo-Fenton method is more effective and efficient than using light from artificial UV lamps. The results of this experiment offer an alternative tertiary treatment for coffee agroindustry or Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) wastewater that is effective, efficient, low-cost, and relatively easy to implement.
Key words: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); coffee wastewater processing; photo-Fenton; solar UV
Phenolic content and α-glucosidase inhibition of tubruk-brew kalosi coffee processed by different post-harvest processing
Full text linkBrewed coffee contains phenolic compounds, a class of bioactive compounds known for their ability to inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. This study investigates the influence of post-harvest processing on the phenolic content and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of brewed coffee using tubruk method. Arabica coffee from Kalosi Enrekang was utilized, processed using three post-harvest methods: natural, honey, and full-washed. The beans were roasted to a medium level and brewed using the tubruk method. Results revealed that coffee brewed from beans processed using the natural method exhibited the highest phenolic content (3.02 g GAE/100 g) and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (18.48%), compared to those processed with honey and full-washed methods. These findings highlight that post-harvest processing significantly impacts phenolic compound levels and their associated bioactivity. A higher phenolic content in brewed coffee corresponds to an enhanced ability to inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Thus, post-harvest processing methods play an important role in determining the functional quality of coffee.
Key words: Arabica Enrekang Coffee; bioactive compound; natural processing; full-washed processing; honey processing
Enhancing robusta coffee quality through natural fermentation to resemble the aroma and flavor of arabica
Full text linkThis research aims to enhance the flavor and aroma of robusta coffee through fermentation processes, aiming to achieve characteristics similar to arabica coffee. The methods employed in this study involve five treatments, each repeated three times. The treatments include: KP = non-fermented coffee, NA = natural anaerobic, KW = wine, FW = full wash, and KH = honey. The experimental design applied is a completely randomized design without factorial arrangement. The observed parameters include caffeine content, pH, cupping score, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate a decrease in caffeine content, and pH in robusta coffee subjected to fermentation processes, and increased cupping scores. FTIR analysis also demonstrated an increase in absorbance values at wave numbers associated with functional groups related to caffeine, aroma, flavor, and texture of thecoffee. Thus, it can be concluded that fermented robusta coffee approaches the characteristics of arabica coffee grade based on standards for caffeine content, pH, and cupping score.
Key words: Aroma; cupping score; fermentation; FTIR; robusta coffee
Assessing Actual Coffee Farmers’ Food Security: Adaptation Strategy toward Food Estate Development in Gayo Highlands, Indonesia
Full text linkFood estate programs in the Gayo Highlands have the potential to disrupt traditional coffee farming practices by promoting monoculture systems, which may undermine local knowledge and cultural values. This shift increases farmers’ vulnerability to market fluctuations, climate change, and agrarian conflicts, posing significant financial stability and food security risks. This study assesses food security indicators amidst food estate program development, offering location-specific strategies to enhance coffee farmers’ resilience. A quantitative approach was employed from June to October 2024 in Aceh Tengah and Bener Meriah, Indonesia, involving 240 coffee farmers as respondents. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), validated through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure (0.535) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (χ²= 66.245; p = 0.048) confirm the model’s adequacy for dimensionality reduction. The study identified six important key of food security indicators: vehicleownership (food availability), the share of food expenditure (food access), household size (food utilization), dwelling conditions, household head’s education level, and the age of the household head’s wife (food stability). The PCA results extracted three principal components, explaining 56.70% of the total variance (Factor 1 = 19.78%, Factor 2 = 18.93%, Factor 3 = 17.99%). The findings reveal that coffee farmers prioritize household conditions over farming investments, focusing on short-term survival strategies rather than long-term sustainability. This trade-off limits their ability to adapt to market volatility and climate change. Therefore, a balanced approach integrating improved farming practices with economic literacy, market access skills, and climate adaptation strategies is essential to strengthen agricultural resilience and ensure sustainable livelihoods.
Key words: Adaptation strategy; coffee growers; food resilience; household self-sufficiency
Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in Muscodor spp. inoculated seedlings of coffee cultivars of Brazil
Full text linkFungi of the genus Muscodor have received considerable attention for producing volatile and non-volatile organic compounds with biological activity. The objective of this study was to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in two coffee cultivars (Catuaí Vermelho and Topázio) inoculated with the endophytic fungi Muscodor coffeanum and Muscodor sp. and in fungal extracts, as well as to characterize the phenolic compounds and trigonelline produced by isolates of Muscodor. Seeds of Coffea arabica (Catuaí Vermelho and Topázio cultivars) were inoculated with twelve fungal isolates and grown in a greenhouse for 24 months. The results showed that the cultivars inoculated with M. coffeanum (CML 4019) had the highest production of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The presence of total phenolic content showed a direct correlation with antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity varied among different Muscodor isolates. The phenolic profile of Muscodor extract determined by HPLCDAD showed the production of catechin, vanillin, and the caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, and syringic acids and the alkaloid trigonelline. These endophyte fungi associated with the coffee fruit can improve the quality of the beverage.
Key words: Antioxidant po tential; bioactive compounds; endophytic fungi; Muscodor coffeanum; trigonelline
Identification of morphoagronomic traits correlated with the N use efficiency in coffee
Full text linkThe study of nutritional efficiency is an expensive process, as it requires extensive planting areas, several years of evaluation and the destruction of plants. To mitigate these difficulties, a strategy would be to identify easily measurable traits associated with nutritional efficiency in growing a nutritional solution. Thus, the objective of this study was identify morphoagronomic traits correlated with the N-efficiency indices in to assist in selecting coffee genotypes for environments with N restriction. Twenty arabica coffee genotypes were grown in a nutrient solution with a low concentration of nitrogen (1.0 mmol L-1). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. There was variability among the coffee genotypes for all the traits evaluated. Most of the traits evaluated showed greater genetic than environmental influence on phenotypic expression. Heritability (H2) was greater than 70% for most of the traits evaluated, with an emphasis on plant height and internode length, which also had the highest relative variation indices (RVIs).The associations between morphoagronomic traits and nutritional efficiency indices revealed greater contributions of genotypic correlation than of environmental correlation. Among the traits associated with nutritional efficiency indices, stem diameter has the potential for use in breeding programs for the selection of cultivars that present greater nitrogen efficiency in environments with nitrogen restriction.
Key words: Coffea arabica; genetics parameters; indirect selection; mineral nutrition; plant breeding