Direktori jurnal elektronik Politeknik Negeri Padang (PNP)
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Analisa Pengaruh Penggunaan Oli Pelumas 15W-40 dan 10W-40 Terhadap Performa Mesin Motor Matic 110 CC
No full textThis study aims to analyze the impact of using lubricating oils with SAE 10W-40 and SAE 15W-40 viscosities on the performance of 110cc automatic motorcycle engines. The tests focus on the effects of both types of oil on engine power, torque, and air-fuel ratio (Air Fuel Ratio/AFR). This research employs an experimental method involving laboratory tests and road tests to obtain accurate data. The viscosity tests show that SAE 10W-40 oil has lower viscosity at low and medium temperatures compared to SAE 15W-40, which has higher viscosity and is more stable at high temperatures. The power and torque tests indicate that SAE 10W-40 oil produces more stable maximum power within the medium RPM range, while SAE 15W-40 has a sharper peak power but within a more limited RPM range. The torque tests also show that SAE 10W-40 performs better in maintaining torque over a longer range. Additionally, AFR analysis indicates that SAE 10W-40 oil approaches the ideal ratio for efficient combustion, while SAE 15W-40 tends to produce a richer mixture at high RPM, which improves performance but reduces fuel efficiency. The results suggest that the selection of oil with the appropriate viscosity significantly affects engine performance, especially in terms of fuel efficiency, power, and torque in a 110cc automatic motorcycle
Simulasi Hidrologi dan Hidraulik Banjir di Lembah Anai: Studi Kasus 11 Mei 2024
Full text linkSince early 2023, Mount Marapi has shown its activity, even until 2024 Mount Marapi has erupted 170 times. Until Monday morning, April 29, 2024, at 06.00 WIB, Mount Marapi remains on Alert status (Level III). This indicates that a lot of landslide material due to volcanic eruptions has accumulated around the peak and upper slopes, which at any time can cause rain-induced lava floods. Related to the activities of Mount Marapi, a map of hazard-prone areas has been issued, including rivers that originate from Mount Marapi which are susceptible to rain-induced lava floods. The research was carried out by identifying river network patterns, hydrological characteristics, river morphology, and land use changes. The river network was analyzed using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from ASTER GDEM with a resolution of 8 m. Field validation for the river network was carried out using GPS Mapping at the Xakapa location. The hydrological and hydraulic profiles of the watershed were modeled using HEC-geoHMS and HEC-geoRAS to map the relationship between rainfall intensity, river discharge, and water level elevation along the river. From the modeling results, it can be seen that the rainfall intensity that has the potential to cause flooding is 142 mm/hour, using HEC-GeoHMS with a discharge of 1818 m3/second with a rainfall time of 6 hours causing a flood height of 0.81 m at an elevation of 379.9 with a wet cross-sectional area of 471 m2 in Xakapa
Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Tempurung Kelapa dan Silika Fume Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton
Full text linkCoconut shell ash and silica fume can enhance the strength and durability of concrete. Coconut shell ash, as an organic waste material, functions as a lightweight aggregate, while silica fume improves the bond between cement and aggregate, thereby increasing the overall durability of the concrete. This study aims to compare the compressive strength results and determine the optimal percentage of coconut shell ash and silica fume in both normal and mixed concrete at 28 days of curing, using an experimental method. The results showed that the compressive strength of normal concrete at 28 days was 26.33 MPa. After the addition of 2% coconut shell ash and 2% silica fume, the compressive strength increased significantly to 31.61 MPa, representing an improvement of 5.28 MPa. However, adding more than 2% coconut shell ash led to a decrease in compressive strength, with the lowest value of 22.36 MPa observed in the mixture containing 10% coconut shell ash and 2% silica fume. The optimal combination was found to be 2% coconut shell ash and 2% silica fume, yielding the highest compressive strength of 31.61 MPa. These findings suggest that organic waste such as coconut shell ash can serve as an environmentally friendly alternative in the construction industry, especially when combined with supplementary materials like silica fume
Uji Kuat Tekan Mortar Geopolymer Berbasis Fly Ash dan Kapur
Full text linkThe increasing use of infrastructure in Indonesia every year requires a large cement supply. Cement is a very crucial material for development, and its demand in increasing line with the development of human facilities and infrastructure. However, the cement manufacturing process can cause air pollution, CO₂ gas emissions, and produce B3 waste that can damage the environment. One way to reduce this environmental impact is to utilize industrial waste, such as fly ash and lime, as an alternative to cement using geopolymer technology. This study aimed to measure the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar made from fly ash and lime, and to understand how variations in the mixture affect the achievement of maximum mortar strength. The approach applied in this study is an experimental method carried out in the laboratory of the Muhammadiyah University of Parepare. The test specimens used were in the form of cubes measuring 5x5x5 cm with a ratio of fly ash and lime of 70:30, 75:25, and 80:20, so that a total of 36 test specimens were made. The experiment results showed that the mixture with a higher proportion of ash consistently produced greater compressive strength. The mixture with 75% fly ash and 25% lime increased in compressive strength from 6.667 MPa after 7 days to 10.667 MPa after 28 days. This proves that the addition of fly ash in greater amounts can increase the compressive strength of the mortar, especially because fly ash functions as a pozzolanic material that reacts with free lime, forming calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) compounds that function as the main binder and thus strengthen the mortar structure. Therefore, the combination of fly ash and lime at 80%:20% is the most efficient and superior mixture in producing high-strength mortar
Penanganan Longsor Pada Ruas Jalan Padang – Painan (Sta. 50+950 - 51+035) di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dengan Dinding Penahan Tanah dan Fondasi Tiang Bor
Full text linkHigh rainfall on steep slopes along the Padang – Painan city boundary road (Sta 50+950 – Sta 51+035) Pesisir Selatan Regency resulted in landslides and damage to retaining walls. This study aims to analyze slope stability, and retaining wall stability without and using bored pile foundations. The retaining wall used in this study is the Cantilever type. Slope stability analysis using the slices method was carried out by trial and error three times, the results showed a safety factor value (FS <1.25) which means the slope is unstable. The results of the slope improvement analysis using cantilever retaining wall without bored pile foundations showed that the structure was safe against overturning (FS = 3.9) and shear safety (FS = 2.3), but not safe against soil bearing capacity (FS = 1.5 <3). The addition of a single bored pile foundation to the retaining wall increased the bearing capacity to 3,443.43 kN but was unable to withstand the design load of 41,766.45 kN. Therefore, a pile group foundation with a maximum load capacity of 482,080.27 kN, and a permissible bearing capacity of 192,832 kN is used so that it can withstand the structural load. The estimated cost of geotechnical and structural work is Rp10,361,534,397.05 with an implementation time of 10 weeks. The results of this study provide technical recommendations for comprehensive slope and DPT repairs for similar conditions in the future
Optimisasi Jarak Titik Spot welding Terhadap Tensile Strength Sambungan Stainless Steel
Full text linkSpot welding is a metal joining technique that can produce high joint strength according to the desired design. Spot welding, using current through the weld point with two electrodes to melt the metal and combine it. In joining two plates, if you want to produce a better joint, more than one welding point can be done, but the distance between one and the other needs to be considered in order to produce a joint that has high tensile strength. Therefore, in the study, the distance of the point connection was varied with the aim of finding the optimal connection point to produce high tensile strength. The study was conducted using a spot-welding machine in the Mechanical Engineering Study Program laboratory, stainless steel plate material was connected with a current voltage of 1.75 V and 2.20 V, and variations in the distance of the welding point were 10, 20 and 30 mm. The welding specimens were tested for tensile strength using a tensile test in the engineering materials laboratory. The results of the study showed that the highest tensile strength value of 3835.08 MPa was obtained at a current voltage of 2.20 V and a welding point distance of 10 mm. The further the welding point, the greater the electrical resistance, which causes the distribution of heat and current to be uneven. As a result, not all parts required for the formation of the joint will be optimally affected by heat and pressure
Analisis Perawatan Mesin Bubut CD6250C Dengan Metode Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) di PT. XYZ
Full text linkPT XYZ is one of the industries engaged in the manufacturer of agricultural, plantation, industrial equipment / machinery that can make / engineer tools / machines. Conventional lathe is one of the production machines in PT XYZ. Lathe machines are often damaged so they require maintenance. This study aims to provide maintenance proposals for conventional lathe machines through the application of the RCM approach in order to get a more effective and efficient maintenance strategy, the application of RCM starts from identifying system functions and malfunctions, Intermediate Decision Tree (IDT) analysis and Logic Tree Analysis (LTA), Failure Mode and Effect Analisys (FMEA) analysis, Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) and Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) analysis and selection of maintenance proposals. From the results of the RCM analysis of conventional lathe machines, it is obtained that the components that have the largest Risk Priority Number (RPN) are Lathe Chisels 54 RPN, Chuck / Chamfer 30 RPN, V-Belt & Pulley 20 RPN. The results of the proposed maintenance for lathe machines are Preventive Maintenance, component maintenance is carried out before experiencing damage such as chuck before 1112.5 hours of use, Lathe Chisel before 185.08 hours of use, V-Belt + Pulley must be repaired before 2226 hours according to MTBF calculations
Pembuatan Referensi Praktik Dasar Perancangan Progressive Die pada Perangkat Lunak Siemens NX
Full text linkAs a continuous improvement through state-of-the-art discovery and uniqueness for the learning material of the Progressive Die Design practical lecture, it is necessary to update it by reviewing 2 aspects, namely "knowledge of how to design progressive die" and "its application to Siemens NX software". Knowledge is obtained by comparing design methods from several selected sources and producing logical progressive die design operation guidelines in sequence. The application on Siemens NX uses the Siemens NX feature optimization method to produce the best design in a relatively short time, with the guidance of design knowledge that previously obtained. An example of a fairly complex sheet metal product is selected as an object for progressive die design. This design requires the selection and combination of Siemens NX features to produce the stages of operation planning, strip development and die designing. The difference sheet metal geometric complexity will result a different number of stages due to the uniqueness of the alternative features selection and combinations. The knowledge and application of design process are documented into a tutorial reference book and tested on students with a feasibility result above 90%. Eligibility data was obtained by filling out a questionnaire after studying the reference book
Analisis Gaya Drag Pada Mobil Sedan dengan Penambahan Komponen Drag Reduction
No full textThe aerodynamic design of a vehicle body plays a critical role in reducing air resistance (drag), thereby contributing to improved fuel efficiency. Aerodynamic resistance in vehicles is influenced by several parameters, including body geometry, auxiliary elements, and the orientation of the vehicle relative to the airflow. This study aims to analyze the effects of body shape variations and the addition of a spoiler on drag force reduction in a sedan-type vehicle. The methodology employed in this research is numerical simulation using Ansys Fluent software. Simulation results indicate that the model with a more streamlined geometry (Model C) produces a lower drag force compared to the model equipped with a spoiler. The drag coefficients obtained for each configuration are as follows: Sedan A — 0.780, Sedan B with a spoiler — 0.775, and Sedan C with an improved body geometry — 0.647. These findings suggest that optimizing body shape is more effective in enhancing the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle than the addition of external aerodynamic elements such as a spoiler
Rancang Bangun Cetakan Alat Press Pelepah Pinang Menjadi Wadah Makanan Ramah Lingkungan untuk UMKM
No full textThe issue of plastic waste has become a global concern that urgently needs to be addressed. On the other hand, agricultural waste also poses its own challenges. Indonesia is an agrarian country where the agricultural sector plays a significant and vital role in the national economy. One of the major agricultural products in Indonesia, particularly in West Sumatra, is areca nut (betel nut). The areca palm sheath is largely underutilized by farmers, often left unused or burned, which in turn leads to another issue—air pollution. The transformation of organic solid waste into eco-friendly products is still rarely implemented. This study aims to design, assemble, and test a simple press mold to process areca palm sheaths into environmentally friendly food containers. The results show that the mold was successfully designed with dimensions of 140 mm x 140 mm x 20 mm, using ST 42 material. Mold testing with temperature variations (100°C, 150°C, and 175°C) and durations (1 minute, 2 minutes, and 5 minutes) indicated that a temperature of 150°C produced the best results in terms of color and shape accuracy. This innovation is expected to support small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in reducing plastic waste and utilizing areca palm sheath waste