Universitas Narotama Surabaya (UNNAR): Journals
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An Assessment of the Productivity Challenges Experienced by Manufacturing Small Micro Medium Enterprises During Lockdown
No full textThe focus of this study was to examine productivity issues experienced by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the manufacturing sector in Ekurhuleni Municipality during COVID?19 lockdown restrictions, more particularly focusing on internal and external environment factors influencing the productivity challenges in manufacturing SMMEs.The research also sought to identify and investigate internal and external environmental variables that affected the productivity and sustainability of manufacturing SMMEs in Ekurhuleni Municipality. The study showed a clear distinction between the importance that was placed on having access to technological production management tools, and knowledge of internal and external factors affecting productivity. In addition, this study confirmed that South African SMMEs confront significant difficulties in the context of small businesses. A simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to the target population with 223 questionnaires being completed and returned. The questionnaire was used to determine manufacturing SMMEs’ perceptions of their companies’ access to technological production management equipment and their knowledge of the company’s internal and external elements. Based on the empirical findings, the study identified that both internal and external environmental factors such as size of the firm, firm age, resources for training needs, technology and government support have a critical influence towards the productivity challenges faced by SMMEs. It is recommended that a study be conducted to investigate the impact of manufacturing SMMEs’ productivity on their business performance, growth and sustainability
Application of the Principles of Good Faith and Pacta Sunt Servanda in Unequal Construction Contracts: A Case Study of B2B Developer–Contractor
No full textThe legal relationship between developers and contractors in business-to-business (B2B) construction contracts in Indonesia often shows a significant imbalance of power. Although formally the contract is made based on the principle of freedom of contract, substantively the legal relationship often deviates from the principles of fairness and balance that form the basis of contract law. This paper examines the application of two fundamental principles in contract law, namely good faith and pacta sunt servanda, which means that every agreement made legally is binding on the parties who made it (Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code) in the practice of biased construction contracts, particularly when developers modify FIDIC standard contracts by removing or limiting clauses that are detrimental to their interests, such as the Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB), the right to an extension of time (EoT), and the right to suspend payment.
This study uses a normative-juridical approach with case and comparative analysis methods, examining actual practices between developers and contractors experiencing delays, variation orders, and payment delays. The results of the analysis show that the removal of these protective mechanisms not only creates the potential for structural default but also constitutes a violation of the principle of good faith in the implementation of contracts as stipulated in Article 1338 paragraph (3) of the Civil Code. Meanwhile, the pacta sunt servanda principle cannot be applied absolutely if the substance of the contract contains a striking imbalance and violates propriety (Article 1339 of the Civil Code).
This paper offers an update in the form of a reinterpretation of the principle of good faith as a corrective instrument against exploitative clauses, as well as a proposal for the establishment of a national DAAB institution with proportional costs to uphold contractual justice. Thus, the application of contract law in construction contracts must be directed towards substantive balance and a fair relational relationship between developers and contractors, so that national development objectives can be achieved without causing protracted disputes
Profitability Ratio Analysis to Measure Financial Performance
No full textPurpose: This research aims to evaluate the profitability ratios of companies in the Food and Beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2024. The study specifically focuses on analyzing the Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Gross Profit Margin (GPM) as key indicators of financial performance.
Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a quantitative analysis using financial data from annual reports of publicly listed Food and Beverage companies. Profitability ratios are calculated for each company over the four-year period and analyzed for trends and fluctuations. Statistical tools are used to assess the relationship between profitability ratios and factors such as operational efficiency, asset management, and market conditions.
Findings: The findings indicate significant fluctuations in profitability ratios, reflecting challenges in cost management, asset utilization, and market competition. The study reveals that while some companies successfully managed to improve their profitability, others faced difficulties due to rising operational costs and inefficiencies in asset utilization. The analysis highlights the importance of controlling production costs, optimizing asset management, and adjusting pricing strategies to improve profitability.
Paper type: Research Pape
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA DI KABUPATEN SIDOARJO (Studi Putusan Nomor 909/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Sda)
Full text linkThis Research is aimed at finding out the punishment for criminal acts of narcotics abuse in Sidoarjo Regency (Decision Study Number 909/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Sda), the method used in this research is normative juridical qualitative with a statutory approach. The results obtained in the Court Decision Number 909/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Sda criminal law regarding narcotics in accordance with law number 35 of 2009 concerning narcotics in article 114 paragraph (2) the judge’s consideration is reviewed from the legal dacts in the trial so that there is a ruling by handing down Therefore, the punishment for 13 years and a fine of IDR 2,000,000,000 (two billion rupiah) with the provision that if the fine is not paid, it will be replaced by imprisonment for 3 months.
Keywords: Crime, Narcotics Abuse, Sidoarj
Evaluasi Layanan Pendampingan dan Konseling Pastoral bagi Peningkatan Rasa Keberhargaan Diri (Self Esteem) Anak di GMIT Getsemani Tarus Timur Kabupaten Kupang
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the pastoral counseling and mentoring services for enhancing the self-esteem of children in the PAR community at the Evangelical Christian Church in Timor (GMIT) Getsemani, East Tarus, Kupang Regency. The mentoring and pastoral counseling services can significantly contribute to improving the self-esteem of PAR children. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method to assess the role of pastors and presbyters in the services provided. Limitations in evaluating the mentoring and pastoral counseling services, especially regarding the long-term impact on improving the self-esteem of PAR children, pose a challenge in this research. This study found that there is a shortage of professional personnel in providing mentoring and pastoral counseling services, besides pastors. Therefore, based on the results of the evaluation conducted with the pastor, this research suggests the need for follow-up activities for presbyters (teachers) of PAR in necessary follow-up activities, namely training of trainer (TOT). Recommendations obtained from the results of this evaluation indicate that the self-esteem issues of PAR children at GMIT Getsemani Tarus Timur, Kupang Regency, require both basic and advanced training for presbyters (teachers) who serve PAR children with self-esteem problems
The Influence of Appraiser Competence, Appraiser Professional Education, and Technological Adaptability on Appraiser Career Development in the Digital Era at KJPP Firman Azis and Partners in West Java
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyse the influence of appraiser competence, professional appraisal education, and technological adaptability on career development in the era of digital transformation at KJPP Firman Azis dan Rekan.
Design/methodology/approach: This research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires using a Likert scale and analysed using multiple linear regression supported by classical assumption tests.
Findings: The results indicate that appraiser competence and technological adaptability have a positive and significant effect on career development. Professional appraisal education also contributes positively, both partially and simultaneously.
Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to a single public appraisal firm, which may restrict the generalisability of the findings to similar organisational contexts.
Practical implications: The findings suggest that management should strengthen digital competencies and professional education programs to enhance sustainable career development in the digital era.
Originality/value: This study integrates human capital theory and digital transformation perspectives within the context of the appraisal profession in Indonesia.
Paper type: Research pape
Analysis of Project Network Planning Using the Critical Path Method
Full text linkIn the development of the implementation of building construction projects, work is often delayed from the specified time, to overcome this, an implementation method is needed, one of which is using Network Planning with the Critical Path Method (CPM ). CPM is a basic method of planning and controlling a work system based on a network or network that can increase efficiency and effectiveness in allocating time and costs. The research method used is the primary research method, conducting observations or direct observations in the field and conducting face-to-face interviews on projects being implemented with a self-management system, carried out by the SMK Negeri 1 Bualemo school by forming a school construction team (P2S). The application of network planning with the CPM method in building construction can accelerate the project implementation schedule compared to the specified time and can increase the cost effectiveness of project implementation. The results of the study using CPM are known to be Critical Paths, namely Activities A – C – H – L – M – N – T – W – X – Y with the original project completion time of 175 days to 157 days, optimizing the time by 18 days, with the original Budget of Rp. 2,224,035. 000,- to Rp. 2,140,996,000 ,- cost optimization of Rp. 83,038,723.02
Cracking the Financing Gap: How Informal Traders in Zimbabwe are Bridging the Banking Divide
No full textIn Zimbabwe, informal traders face significant barriers in accessing formal financial services, hindering their ability to grow and sustain their businesses. However, these traders are finding innovative ways to bridge the banking gap by leveraging alternative financial services. The paper investigates alternative financial services leveraged by informal traders in Zimbabwe. Quantitative results reveal that majority of informal traders in Zimbabwe are financially excluded and rely heavily on informal financial services such as mukando/revolving funds, chimbadzo/interest bearing informal loans, personal savings, trade credit, business angels, burial society group loans and loans from friends and relatives. Quantitative results further revealed that informal traders in Zimbabwe leverage private strong rooms, mukando/revolving funds and cryptocurrencies for savings and investments. Furthermore, qualitative results revealed that informal traders in Zimbabwe also save and invest through the gaba scheme and informal deposit taking financial institutions. Based on research findings, the study concludes that informal traders in Zimbabwe are financially excluded and rely on informal financial services. This underscores the necessity for a collaborative and multi-faceted approach among policymakers, stakeholders, and industry experts to effectively integrate the informal sector into the formal financial system. The research recommends the introduction of customised financial products, simplification of loan and bank account application procedures, introduction of AI augmented bank accounts, consultative meetings between policy makers and representatives of informal traders and introduction of mobile banking vehicles with automated teller machines
Factors Affecting the Financial Performance of the Samarinda City Regional Government
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of the effectiveness ratio and efficiency ratio on the financial performance of the Samarinda City Regional Government, as well as to test whether the regional financial independence ratio plays a mediating variable in the relationship between the ratio of effectiveness and efficiency to financial performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method using the SmartPLS application. The data used is secondary data in the form of a report on the realization of the Samarinda City Regional Budget for 2016-2024 obtained from the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Samarinda City. The variables analyzed included the effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, independence ratio, and regional financial performance.
Findings: The results showed that: (1) the effectiveness ratio had a not significant effect on the independence ratio; (2) the efficiency ratio has a significant effect on the independence ratio; (3) the independence ratio has a significant effect on financial performance; (4) the effectiveness ratio has a significant effect on financial performance; (5) the efficiency ratio has a significant effect on financial performance; (6) the effectiveness ratio has a insignificant effect on financial performance through the independence ratio; and (7) the efficiency ratio has a significant effect on financial performance through the independence ratio. These findings confirm that fiscal efficiency and independence play an important role in strengthening regional financial performance.
Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to one area, namely Samarinda City, so generalization of results to other regions needs to be done carefully. The observation period only covers 2016–2024 using APBD ratio data, so it has not accommodated non-financial factors as well as institutional and governance aspects that can also affect financial performance. In addition, the use of secondary data makes researchers dependent on the completeness and accuracy of local government financial statements.
Practical implications: The results of the study provide implications for the Samarinda City Government and other local governments that improving spending efficiency and strengthening financial independence—for example through optimizing Regional Original Revenue (PAD) and reducing dependence on transfer funds—can drive better financial performance. Local governments need to design strategies to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of APBD management simultaneously, accompanied by policies to strengthen the independent income base, so that financial performance becomes more sustainable.
Originality/value: This study provides novelty value by examining the mediating role of the independence ratio in the relationship between the ratio of effectiveness and efficiency to the financial performance of local governments in the context of Samarinda City with the latest data for the 2016–2024 period. The SEM-PLS approach used allows for simultaneous testing of direct and indirect relationships, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of how effectiveness, efficiency, and fiscal independence interact in shaping the financial performance of local governments.
Paper type: Research pape
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PERTAMBANGAN TANPA IZIN DI INDONESIA
Full text linkLaw enforcement against illegal mining in Indonesia is an important issue because of its impact on the environment, economy, and community welfare. Illegal mining is a serious crime that can damage ecosystems, disrupt the sustainability of natural resources, and create social injustice. The legal framework governing illegal mining in Indonesia is regulated in Law No. 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (Minerba Law) and its subsequent regulations, as well as Law Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (PPLH Law), which stipulates that mining activities can only be carried out by parties that have a valid permit from the government. Violations of these provisions are subject to criminal sanctions, both in the form of imprisonment and fines. The research method used in this study is a normative legal research method with a regulatory and conceptual approach. This study aims to examine the legal construction of unauthorized mining crimes based on Indonesian legislation. The results of the study show that even though there are strict regulations, law enforcement against illegal mining still faces various obstacles, including suboptimal supervision and low public awareness. Therefore, it is recommended that the government tighten supervision, increase socialization, and impose stricter sanctions to combat illegal mining.
Keywords: Construction, Criminal Offenses, Minin