University of Castilla-La Mancha
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Uncertainty maps for model-based global climate classification systems
Get PDFClimate classification systems (CCSs) are emerging as essential tools in climate change science for mitigation and adaptation. However, their limitations are often misunderstood by non-specialists. This situation is especially acute when the CCSs are derived from Global Climate Model outputs (GCMs). We present a set of uncertainty maps of four widely used schemes -Whittaker-Ricklefs, Holdridge, Thornthwaite-Feddema and Köppen- for present (1980–2014) and future (2015–2100) climate based on 52 models from the Coupled Intercomparison Model Project Phase six (CMIP6). Together with the classification maps, the uncertainty maps provide essential guidance on where the models perform within limits, and where sources of error lie. We share a digital resource that can be readily and freely integrated into mitigation and adaptation studies and which is helpful for scientists and practitioners using climate classifications, minimizing the risk of pitfalls or unsubstantiated conclusions
Laissez-faire leadership, Trust in Subordinates and Problem-Solving Conflict Management: A Multigroup Analysis across Family and Non-Family Businesses
Get PDFLaissez faire leadership (LFL) has been linked to non-constructive approaches to conflict management, yet if and how LFL can explain the use of more constructive approaches (e.g., problem-solving) has not been studied. This is surprising given that trust in subordinates is characteristic of LFL, which is also key to cooperative relationships where the use of problem-solving is involved. Furthermore, compared to non-family businesses (NFBs), the socioemotional wealth that governs family businesses (FBs) decision-making should make LFL, the trust placed in subordinates and the use of problem-solving more likely among the latter. In this study, we compare the use of LFL in FBs versus NFBs and analyze whether trust in subordinates lies behind a positive link between LFL and the use of this approach, and whether the distinctive socioemotional wealth of FBs accounts for differences in this relationship. Using a sample of 326 general managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ecuador, two complementary methods, partial least squares (PLS) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), yielded robust findings. As expected, differences in the strength of this relationship were found across FBs and NFBs, with LFL and both affective and cognitive trust being critical for the use of problem-solving in FBs but with cognitive trust playing this principal role in NFBs. Our findings link the largely separate FB literature on leadership and conflict management
Unlocking organizational change: servant leadership, change resistance and the mediating role of emotional intelligence
Get PDFThis paper aims to elucidate the efficacy of supervisor servant leadership as a strategic tool for preparing employees for organizational change and adeptly guiding them through the transformation process. Specifically, the study investigates how such leaders cultivate emotional intelligence among employees, bolstering their capacity to cope with, and resiliently resist, change
Exploring the reality of corporate sustainability strategy and sales performance in entrepreneurial SMEs: the mediating effect of innovation and sustainability performance
Get PDFIncorporating sustainability into a company’s strategy is crucial for long-term success. This involves considering environmental, social and economic factors when making strategic decisions. This study investigates how implementing a corporate sustainability strategy (CSS) affects the sales performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It focuses specifically on how innovation and sustainability performance individually and sequentially mediate this relationship. Furthermore, we analyse the moderating effect of ICT strategy on the relationship between CSS and innovation. We collected data from 1,113 surveys on managers of Spanish entrepreneurial SMEs and analysed them using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our findings suggest that both innovation and sustainability performance mediate the positive relationship between CSS and sales performance. We confirm ICT strategy as a moderating variable, enhancing innovation to a greater degree in firms that are more concerned about sustainability
Valorization of Agri-Food Waste into PHA and Bioplastics: From Waste Selection to Transformation
Get PDFThe valorization of agri-food waste is a pivotal component in developing the circular economy, wherein waste is given a second life through various conversion technologies. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the valorization of agri-food waste, with a particular focus on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and subsequent bioplastics production. To this end, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using specialist bibliographic databases. The study primarily focuses on reviewing the biological production of PHBV (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)), a type of PHA, due to its relevance as a substitute for fossil-based plastics. Significant attention has been directed toward exploring the potential of agri-food wastes, such as whey, potato peelings, and brewery bagasse, as raw materials for their transformation into a tailor-made VFA solution, rich in valeric and propionic acids. Additionally, existing operational strategies and waste co-treatments have been reviewed. The produced VFAs present multiple applications, including single-cell oils, Omega-3-rich oils, and different types of PHA. Factors influencing the bio-polymerization of VFAs to PHBV, such as the type of substrate, operating conditions (pH and retention time), and the presence of specific microorganisms, have also been reviewed. Due to its physicochemical properties, PHBV has applications in sectors such as agriculture and packaging. This review concludes that transforming agri-food waste into PHBV has the potential to integrate environmental and economic benefits within a circular bioeconomy model, fostering technological innovation and the sustainable use of waste resources.The valorization of agri-food waste is a pivotal component in developing the circular economy, wherein waste is given a second life through various conversion technologies. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the valorization of agri-food waste, with a particular focus on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and subsequent bioplastics production. To this end, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using specialist bibliographic databases. The study primarily focuses on reviewing the biological production of PHBV (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)), a type of PHA, due to its relevance as a substitute for fossil-based plastics. Significant attention has been directed toward exploring the potential of agri-food wastes, such as whey, potato peelings, and brewery bagasse, as raw materials for their transformation into a tailor-made VFA solution, rich in valeric and propionic acids. Additionally, existing operational strategies and waste co-treatments have been reviewed. The produced VFAs present multiple applications, including single-cell oils, Omega-3-rich oils, and different types of PHA. Factors influencing the bio-polymerization of VFAs to PHBV, such as the type of substrate, operating conditions (pH and retention time), and the presence of specific microorganisms, have also been reviewed. Due to its physicochemical properties, PHBV has applications in sectors such as agriculture and packaging. This review concludes that transforming agri-food waste into PHBV has the potential to integrate environmental and economic benefits within a circular bioeconomy model, fostering technological innovation and the sustainable use of waste resources
Mobile phones, sexual socialisation and media literacy: perceptions and challenges in digital protection of children and adolescents
Get PDFLa cosificación sexual es una de las formas de socialización de los jóvenes en redes sociales y se ha convertido en un reto en la protección digital de la infancia y la adolescencia por su impacto en la madurez sexual y en la autoestima. Esta investigación pretende conocer qué percepciones tienen, tanto las personas expertas como los jóvenes, respecto a la socialización sexual, así como qué motivaciones de uso tienen los adolescentes respecto a los contenidos sexuales que consumen y/o intercambian en redes sociales. La metodología ha consistido en 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas expertas y una encuesta realizada a 421 adolescentes participantes de talleres en educación sexual digital entre 2022 y 2024. Los resultados muestran que los expertos identifican como un factor primordial la aprobación, mediante la exhibición sexual, en el uso de las redes entre adolescentes. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los jóvenes no percibe un peligro el uso de las redes para enviar imágenes del cuerpo desnudo, ni para ellos ni para los demás, ya que lo consideran algo privado. La investigación lleva a la reflexión sobre el hecho de que los jóvenes valoren su cuerpo como lo más importante de su personalidad, lo que implica acciones de mejora en su educación mediática, y aporta argumentos para responsables políticos, sector tecnológico, educadores y familias sobre la protección digital de la infancia.Sexual objectification is one of the ways young people socialize on social media and has become a challenge in digital child and adolescent protection due to its impact on sexual maturity and self-esteem. This research aims to understand the perceptions of both experts and young people regarding sexual socialization, as well as the motivations behind adolescents’ use of sexual content they consume and/or exchange on social media. The methodology consisted of 14 semi-structured interviews with experts and a survey conducted with 421 adolescents who participated in digital sexual education workshops between 2022 and 2024. The results show that experts identify approval—through sexual display—as a key factor in adolescents’ use of social media. However, most young people do not perceive a risk in using social media to send nude images of their bodies, either for themselves or others, as they consider it a private matter. The research encourages reflection on the fact that young people value their bodies as the most important aspect of their personality, highlighting the need for improvements in media education. It also provides arguments for policymakers, the technology sector, educators, and families regarding digital child protection
The challenge of access to healthcare services as a condition for territorial equity. A methodological approach for sparsely populated rural areas
Get PDFAccess to basic healthcare services poses a significant challenge for sparsely populated rural areas within the European Union, impacting fundamental principles such as territorial equity. This challenge is intensified by current demographic trends, including depopulation and ageing, which affect both the availability of healthcare professionals and the increased demand for efficient healthcare services for the older population. To address this issue, the present study adopts a methodological approach that uses distance and transport time to measure the accessibility of different rural municipalities to healthcare facilities. This study focuses on the Autonomous Region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) as a representative territory for the abovementioned demographic dynamics. The main results indicate a clear relationship between negative demographic indicators and poorer healthcare access, especially in rural areas with limited transportation infrastructure. Access to primary healthcare is generally well distributed, with >90 % of rural population living within 15 min of a basic healthcare facility, while hospitals are less accessible for the rural population, with >40 % of the sample needing 30 min to reach one. The sample is also highly sensitive to the population density and ageing rates. As a significant contribution, a universal methodology is presented that can be applied to other rural territories with a significant ageing population, enabling territorial planning policies to optimize quality healthcare in line with the active ageing policies promoted by the United NationsEl acceso a los servicios sanitarios básicos supone un reto importante para las zonas rurales escasamente pobladas de la Unión Europea, ya que afecta a principios fundamentales como la equidad territorial. Este reto se ve intensificado por las tendencias demográficas actuales, como la despoblación y el envejecimiento, que afectan tanto a la disponibilidad de profesionales sanitarios como al aumento de la demanda de servicios sanitarios eficientes para la población de más edad. Para abordar esta cuestión, el presente estudio adopta un enfoque metodológico que utiliza la distancia y el tiempo de transporte para medir la accesibilidad de los distintos municipios rurales a los centros sanitarios. Este estudio se centra en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (España) como territorio representativo de la dinámica demográfica mencionada. Los principales resultados indican una clara relación entre indicadores demográficos negativos y un peor acceso a la asistencia sanitaria, especialmente en zonas rurales con infraestructuras de transporte limitadas. En general, el acceso a la asistencia sanitaria primaria está bien distribuido, ya que >90 % de la población rural vive a menos de 15 minutos de un centro sanitario básico, mientras que los hospitales son menos accesibles para la población rural, ya que >40 % de la muestra necesita 30 minutos para llegar a uno. La muestra también es muy sensible a la densidad de población y a las tasas de envejecimiento. Como contribución significativa, se presenta una metodología universal que puede aplicarse a otros territorios rurales con un envejecimiento significativo de la población, lo que permite a las políticas de ordenación del territorio y a la población rural acceder a los servicios sanitarios básicos en menos de 15 minutos
Victimización infantil y cognición social: Indicadores de riesgo del desarrollo de conductas antisociales en adolescentes
Get PDFLas experiencias de victimización durante la infancia y la adolescencia, directas como sufrir abuso físico o indirectas como ser testigo de violencia, son un importante factor de riesgo para el desajuste social de los menores. Estas experiencias traumáticas pueden tener un impacto negativo en el desarrollo cognitivo y conductual. Por ejemplo, la participación en conductas antisociales o el establecimiento de patrones cognitivos distorsionados que ayudan e impulsan la participación en dichas conductas. En este trabajo se analiza cómo se asocian diferentes formas de victimización infantil y adolescente con la participación en conductas antisociales durante la adolescencia, considerando el papel mediador de dos factores cognitivos que podrían contribuir a explicar la conducta antisocial: las distorsiones cognitivas autosirvientes y los sesgos en el procesamiento de la información social. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo cuatro estudios con una muestra de adolescentes de población general. El objetivo del primer estudio fue analizar las posibles asociaciones entre las diferentes formas de victimización infantil y adolescente y el desarrollo de distintos tipos de conductas antisociales. En el segundo estudio, el objetivo fue explorar las posibles relaciones entre las experiencias de victimización infantil directa e indirecta con la presencia de distorsiones cognitivas autosirvientes y su asociación con la posterior conducta antisocial. El tercer estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar el Sociale Informatie Verwerkings Test `SIVT’ un instrumento diagnóstico de origen neerlandés para evaluar el procesamiento de la información social, en una muestra española de adolescentes de población general. Por último, el cuarto estudio exploró las asociaciones entre la victimización infantil directa e indirecta, las habilidades del procesamiento de la información social y las conductas antisociales llevadas a cabo durante el último año por los adolescentes del estudio. Entre los principales hallazgos de los estudios se destaca, por un lado, que la victimización infantil y adolescente es un fenómeno común y con una alta incidencia. En segundo lugar, la victimización infantil posee un importante papel predictivo en la participación de conductas antisociales, destacando la influencia de la victimización indirecta. En tercer lugar, las distorsiones cognitivas autosirvientes y los sesgos en las habilidades del procesamiento de la información social tienen, de manera independiente, un papel mediador entre la victimización infantil y la conducta antisocial. Sin embargo, la victimización infantil permanece como principal factor de riesgo de la conducta antisocial, destacando el papel que tiene la victimización indirecta o ser testigo de violencia. Por último, los resultados de la adaptación del instrumento `SIVT`son prometedores e indican que es posible continuar trabajando en su adaptación diagnóstica. Estos resultados presentan importantes implicaciones clínicas. Las intervenciones con adolescentes que han experimentado victimización deben contemplar tanto la historia de vida como el posible impacto a nivel cognitivo, en la forma de interpretar el entorno y en las actitudes y la forma de interactuar con los demás como punto de partida para la recuperación. Además, los hallazgos pueden ser tomados en consideración para la elaboración de programas de tratamiento específicos para adolescentes con graves conductas antisociales, mediante la intervención en los esquemas cognitivos antisociales y el entrenamiento de habilidades de procesamiento de la información
Cultural adaptation, translation and validation of the conflict in adolescence dating relationship inventory (CADRI) in the Greek language
Get PDFBackgroundDating violence (DV) is a major public health problem with serious consequences for the young population. The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI) is the most internationally used tool to measure DV. However, no tool has been translated, culturally adapted, or validated in the Greek context to assess the prevalence of DV in the Greek population.AimTo culturally adapt, validate, and translate the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory (CADRI) in the Greek language to ensure its reliability and cultural and linguistic validity in the Greek population.MethodsA cross-cultural adaptation process and cross-sectional study were carried out. There were two phases in the research. First, face validity was assessed after the first phase of translation, which included cross-cultural item adaptation, content validation and expert review of the instrument. In the second stage, the scale’s psychometric qualities were assessed on a sample of nursing college students. A CADRI instrument was used to assess DV.ResultsThe final sample comprised a total of 177 university students. The internal consistency and reliability were good (>0.7), with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.889 for the violence perpetrated subscale and 0.925 for the violence suffered subscale, indicating strong correlations between the total item scores. After exploratory factor analysis was performed, the structure obtained was similar to the original structure. Furthermore, 88.7% of university students perpetrated DV in the last year on their partners, and 90.7% suffered DV, with verbal and emotional violence the most common types.ConclusionThis study provides robust evidence of the validity and reliability of the CADRI for measuring DV in the Greek university population. Additionally, the high prevalence makes it necessary to create DV prevention plans and further research, especially among nursing students.ImpactValidation of the CADRI in Greece will increase the knowledge of DV in this population, which lacks validated instruments
Hiperrealismo y barbarie en el noir distópico de J. G. Ballard
Get PDFThis article examines the literary crime production of James Graham Ballard (1930-2009) after The Empire of the Sun, which sought to capture the readers who had known him through it and Spielbergs film adaptation. To this end, each of the British writer’s five noirs in which he hybridizes the noir genre and interior fiction are analyzed. Although critics consider them to be minor works, Ballards noirs are related to the rest of his stories and books through their themes, settings and characters. This article considers and highlights these novels that function as apocalyptic admonitions about the intrinsic paradoxes of the new spaces of surveillance capitalism, ecosystems of privilege and technological hyper-development, in which the annihilation of the imagination implodes through uncontrolled violence.Este artículo examina la producción literaria policiaca de James Graham Ballard (1930-2009) tras El imperio del Sol que buscaba captar a los lectores que lo habían conocido por ella y por la adaptación cinematográfica de Spielberg. Para ello se analizan cada uno de los cinco noirs del escritor británico en los que hibrida el género negro y la ficción interior. Pese a que la crítica las considera como obras menores, los noirs de Ballard están emparentados con el resto de sus relatos y libros a través de sus temáticas, configuraciones y personajes. El artículo considera y pone en valor esas novelas que funcionan como admoniciones apocalípticas sobre las paradojas intrínsecas de los nuevos espacios del capitalismo de vigilancia, los ecosistemas de privilegio y el hiper-desarrollo tecnológico, en los que la aniquilación de la imaginación implosiona mediante una violencia descontrolada