Rajesh Varma
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Spectral analysis of the Sturm-Liouville operator given on a system of segments
No full textThe spectral analysis of the Sturm-Liouville operator defined on a finite segment is the subject of an extensive literature [1,2]. Sturm-Liouville operators on a finite segment are well studied and have numerous applications [1-6]. The study of such operators already given on the system segments (graphs) was received in the works [7,8]. This work is devoted to the study of operators </p
Sexual and reproductive health and infertility
No full textInfertility and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH) are significant challenges worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Teenagers living in urban slums that are quickly developing are frequently disregarded, despite the efforts of international organizations to enhance access to services and information for residents of these areas. It is common for women to blame for infertility, even when their spouse has clinical infertility; this contributes to a bias in the relevant body of research. In order to address these issues, policies on sexual and reproductive health need to be evidence-based, they need to take into account various points of view and they need to combat negative stereotypes and inequities. Comprehensive programs that prepare healthcare providers and non-clinical service providers are crucial. This review highlights the importance of addressing systemic issues, such as gender norms and economic disparities, in promoting sexual and reproductive health care to achieve desired reproductive outcomes.</p
The link between <em>s</em> and <em>d</em> components of electron boson coupling constants in one band d wave Eliashberg theory for high <em>T<sub>c</sub></em> superconductors
No full textThe phenomenology of overdoped high Tc uperconductors can be described by a one band d wave Eliashberg theory where the mechanism of superconducting coupling is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and whose characteristic energy Ω0 scales with Tc according to the empirical law Ω0 = 5.8 kBTc. This model presents universal characteristics that are independent of the critical temperature such as the link between the s and d components of electron boson coupling constants and the invariance of the ratio 2∆/kBTc. This situation arises from the particular structure of Eliashberg's equations which, despite being non-linear equations, present solutions with these simple properties. </p
An innovative method and a medical screening device for cancer detection in real-time
No full textHistopathology is the main technique to assess the presence of cancer cells in biopsy material and for the evaluation of positive resection margins, but it is not real-time. Older methods to assess resection margin intraoperatively are either time-consuming or exhibit a low accuracy. More recent imaging techniques have various drawbacks, like the need for exogenous contrast agents or excessive time to assess the entire resection surface or a low diagnostic performance in detecting certain types of cancer. The purpose of the current research work is the development of a medical screening device for cancer cells detection with very high accuracy and selectivity, based on a newly developed method in order to experimentally measure in real-time the excitation response of the charged elements of the biological tissue under study to the applied alternative electrical field, over a wide range of frequency spectra. The aim of this study is to present an innovative method and results from a prototype medical screening device, which allows the selective and “real-time” detection of cancer cells of any type among normal cells in any tissue type. The innovation of the proposed method lies in the view of the cell membrane emulation as an electrical circuit and also in the ability to experimentally measure in real-time the excitation response of the charged elements of the biological tissue under studies like ions, interfaces or dipoles to the applied alternative electrical field, over a wide range of frequency spectra according to the dielectric spectroscopy method. The ions can very easily follow the variations of the applied alternating electric field moving along the dynamic lines of the field. In contrast, the incapability of the abnormal neoplastic cellular formations to follow the frequency changes causes them to perform dipole oscillation instead of moving along the dynamic lines of the field. This experimentally appears as a significant increase of the capacitive component contribution to the total impedance of the tissue, relative to the purely electrical resistance contribution of the ions. A model, backed by the relevant mathematical equations, has been developed to integrate the unknown impedance of both the tissue under assessment and the interdigital micro-sensor with the known complex impedance of the data acquisition system. The ability to selectively detect cancer cells has an obvious interest and various applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. </p
Disabled industrial traumatic brain injury of members of vessel`s crew in water transport of the Northern Water`s Basin
No full textIntroduction: Epidemiological study of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and the improvement of the organizational capabilities of medical care at all stages of its provision plays an important role in forecasting and social and labor rehabilitation of the sailing crew. Planning the development of the neurosurgical service of port hospitals is impossible without knowing the structure of TBI, both in severity and sectoral, occupational and territorial prevalence.Materials and methods: The analysis of the treatment of 92 patients from members of the vessel`s crew who received industrial TBI with a disability while performing voyage tasks in the northern water basin was carried out.When working on the material, analytical and statistical methods were used. The significance of differences was calculated using a t-test for independent samples.Results: In the general structure of traumatism of the studied contingent of the members of the vessel`s crew, TBI accounted for 4.1% of cases, while in the territorial population, they reach 30.0% - 40.0%. Most of the victims worked in the transport fleet of the northern water basin - 68.7% (9.4), while in the fishing fleet - 17.2% (3.3) and the river fleet - 14.1% (4.6). Command staff: navigators (10.5), captains (10.1), chiefs of radio stations (7.4), skippers (6.8), as well as boatswains (27.8), who are responsible for organizing and conducting deck operations, receive TBI 4.0 - 2.5 times more often than rank-and-file personnel. This distribution becomes easy to understand if we take into account that 43.4% of the damage was sustained during the performance of ship operations related to movement on ladders and decks, in the engine room, and their hasty execution by the supervisors in the absence of safety precautions leads to severe TBI. The members of the vessel`s crew receive them several times less often when performing loading and unloading operations (0.9), closing holds (0.4), mooring, and servicing deck mechanisms (0.2 each). The probability of getting TBI is especially high during the first three years of work in the specialty (34.8% of all injuries). With an increase in work experience, injuries decrease by more than 1.4 times among workers with 15 years of work experience. Every third TBI (36.5%) on ships is associated with a fall of the victim from a height, that is, it is a catatrauma. All injuries arise from collisions with blunt objects.Discussion: Every twenty-fifth work-related injury with loss of ability to work, sustained by the members of the vessel`s crew of the northern water basin, while performing ship operations, is a TBI. The minimum knowledge required for shipboard crew members, and ship managers to suspect this life-threatening condition, is given during an injury first aid session that is required by the ship’s medical officer.Conclusion: 1. In the general structure of industrial injuries of the studied contingent of the members of the vessel`s crew, TBI accounted for 4.1% of cases, while in the territorial population, they reach 30.0% - 40.0%. The incidence of TBI in men from among the members of ve+-ssel`s crew is only 1.5 times higher than in women and is the highest in people under 20 years of age (4.8%; 11.0).2. Most of the victims worked in the transport fleet of the northern water basin - 68.7% (9.4), while in the fishing fleet - 17.2% (3.3) and river - 14.1% (4.6). The members of the vessel`s crew receive them several times less often when performing loading and unloading operations (0.9), closing holds (0.4), mooring, and servicing deck mechanisms (0.2 each). Every third TBI (36.5%) on ships is associated with a fall of the victim from a height, that is, it is a catatrauma.3. TBI, accompanied by a concussion, in the northern basin accounts for up to two-thirds of all head injuries, of which 69.5% fall on the most able-bodied and productive age of workers (20-39 years). Concussions occur 4 times more often in the transport fleet than in the fishing and river fleet. Sailors and minders make up 44.3% of the victims. Falls from a height onto decks, mooring lines, into the hold, or overboard were the cause of 78.5% of concussions.4. Mild brain contusions are a rarer pathology and occur mainly in transport and fishing fleets with rank-and-file personnel during falls from a height.5. Brain contusions of moderate and severe degrees occur only in the transport fleet in the youngest men: in every second case, the patients were 20-29 years old. Every third victim is a sailor, every sixth is a minder. A severe degree of brain injury was more often observed in persons who received TBI while servicing deck mechanisms, moving along ladders, and mooring operations. More than half of them are associated with falls from a height.</p
Robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with the new surgical robot HugoTM RAS in a man with proctocolectomy and restorative ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The first European urological step-by-step procedure
No full textRobotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) is the gold standard surgical treatment for localized clinically significant prostate cancer. In patients undergone previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, it can be difficult to perform and it is also contraindicated execution of radiotherapy.We have described step-by-step the first case of RARP performed with the robotic system HugoTM RAS in a patient previously subjected to proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis packaging for ulcerative colitis. The procedure was found to be safe and feasible, with intra- and post-operative data overlapping those of the same procedure in the general population. Execution by an experienced surgeon is in any case recommended.</p
Sailing mega-solar rafts for huge renewable energy in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean
No full textAn innovative idea of exploiting huge solar energy in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean using wind-sailing mega-solar rafts is reviewed to emphasize its great potential for human renewable energy resources besides currently promoted offshore wind energy. The basic technologies including energy-transportation are already available but necessary to be developed commercially viable. It will also promote the peaceful use of open seas in the Pacific Ocean for a truly sustainable world instead of military confrontations. </p
Singlet-excited dioxygen O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>) and organic pollutants in marine waters beneath the Sun
No full textThe ground state dioxygen has a triplet spin state O2(X3Σg). The singlet excited O2(a1Δg) dioxygen possesses an excess energy of 22 kcal/mole and is highly reactive with respect to organic matter since all organic molecules have also singlet ground states with all spins paired; their reactions with O2(a1Δg) are not forbidden by spin selection. The chromophoric pollutants in sea waters under sun irradiation can generate O2(a1Δg) and other reactive oxygen species which could oxidase many wastes. This review describes mechanisms of O2(a1Δg) interaction with organic pollutants in seawater with black carbon dispersion and with corals.</p
Determining heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical properties in wastewater
No full textWastewaters are frequently harmful to both the environment and human health since they are both directly and indirectly released into surface waters. The aim of this study was to determine physicochemical properties and to assess the levels of heavy metals in wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from Koka and Mojo from the Oromia region, Ethiopia. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to determine the concentration of these heavy metals. The conductivity of wastewater obtained from the Mojo and Koka sites ranged from 1141.33 to 1498.32µS/cm and 1066.33 to 1243.72µS/cm, respectively. The maximum and minimum BOD effluent from Mojo and Koka sites were 1044.78mg/L and 794.73mg/L, and 883.00mg/L and 772.67mg/L, respectively. The COD value was found to range between 1466.08mg/L and 1615.38mg/L in the Mojo area and 1352.65mg/L to 1530.83mg/L in the Koka area, respectively. High BOD levels are a sign of contamination and could indicate a lack of oxygen for living things. In every one of the sample sites, it exceeds the recommended level. High COD levels suggest hazardous conditions and the presence of organic compounds that are resistant to biological processes. The maximum TDS of the effluents, which is more than the recommended limit, were found to be 2417.08mg/L and 2317.06mg/L in Mojo and Koka areas, respectively. Overall concentrations of heavy metals (As, Pb, B, Zn, Cd Hg, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Cr) in mg/L were found to be in the permissible range except for mercury (Hg). The wastewater had heavy metal Hg that was higher than the limits advised by the WHO and US EPA. The studies’ findings imply that the effluents are harmful by nature and need considerable treatment before being released into the ecosystem on land.</p
<em>In Silico</em> Identification and Characterization of Potential Red Seaweed Allergens
No full textRed seaweeds such as Kappaphycus alvarezii and Porphyra yezoensis have many applications, especially in the food industry, which suggests the need for knowing their potential allergenicity. In silico approaches can be used to determine if a protein is an existing allergen or has the ability to cross-react with one. In this study, 318 sequences for Kappaphycus alvarezii and 641 protein sequences for Porphyra yezoensis were screened for potential allergens using AlgPred 2.0 and AllergenOnline, followed by the FAO allergenicity test using Allermatch. Data from this were used to predict the B-cell epitopes using the IEDP prediction tool and T-cell epitopes using MHC2Pred and were modeled using SWISS-MODEL and PyMOL to highlight specific epitopes. These models were assessed for quality using Global Quality Model Estimate (GQME) scores, ERRAT scores, and VERIFY 3D. Results showed fourteen (14) potential red seaweed allergens, four (4) of which were found in Kappaphycus alvarezii and ten (10) in Porphyra yezoensis. Several proteins of red seaweeds shared structural similarities with species normally associated with food allergies, such as common hazel, Atlantic salmon, and shark catfish, as well as other types of allergens such as those in house-dust mites, that could potentially induce cross-reactivity. Additionally anticipated were specific B-cell and T-cell epitopes and their specific peptide sequences that were incorporated in the 3D models, which were created for further comparison with other molecular structures of recognized allergens. Almost all of the 3D models had a GQME score of above 0.7 and had a high ERRAT score for overall quality but some failed to pass the VERIFY 3D test. This study could serve as a preliminary yet robust approach to identifying allergenic proteins in red seaweed and narrowing down potential existing cross-reactive allergens from various species that could aid in future in vitro and in vivo allergenicity studies.</p